Nelson-class cruiser

The Nelson-class cruisers were a pair of armoured cruisers built in the 1870s for the Royal Navy.

HMS Nelson anchored in Hobart, 1884
Class overview
Name: Nelson
Operators:  Royal Navy
Preceded by: HMS Shannon
Succeeded by: Imperieuse class
Built: 1874–1881
In service: 1878–1910
In commission: 1878–1904
Completed: 2
Scrapped: 2
General characteristics
Type: Armoured cruiser
Displacement: 7,473–7,630 long tons (7,593–7,752 t)
Length: 280 ft (85 m) (p/p)
Beam: 60 ft (18 m)
Draught: 25 ft 9 in (7.8 m)
Propulsion: 2 shafts, 2 compound-expansion steam engines
Sail plan: Barque-rigged
Speed: 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph)
Complement: 560
Armament:
Armour: Belt: 6–9 in (152–229 mm)

Design and description
Plan & section of HMS Nelson

The Nelson-class ships were designed by Nathaniel Barnaby, Chief Constructor of the Royal Navy, as enlarged and improved versions of HMS Shannon to counter the threat of enemy armoured ships encountered abroad. The ships were not much liked in service as they were deemed too weakly armoured to fight ironclad battleships and not fast enough to catch commerce-raiding cruisers. They were laid out as central battery ironclads with the armament concentrated amidships.[1]

The Nelsons had a length between perpendiculars of 280 feet (85.3 m), a beam of 60 feet (18.3 m) and a deep draught of 25 feet 9 inches (7.8 m). The ships displaced 7,473–7,630 long tons (7,593–7,752 t), about 2,000 long tons (2,000 t) more than Shannon. The steel-hulled ships were fitted with a ram and their crew numbered approximately 560 officers and other ranks.[2]

The ships had two 3-cylinder, inverted compound steam engines, each driving a single two-bladed, 18-foot (5.5 m) propeller, using steam provided by 10 oval boilers. They generated a working pressure of 60 psi (414 kPa; 4 kgf/cm2) so that the engines produced 6,624 indicated horsepower (4,940 kW) (Nelson) or 6,073 ihp (4,529 kW) (Northampton). The cylinders of the latter's engines could be adjusted in volume to optimize steam production depending on the demand. They were troublesome throughout the ship's life and she was always about 1 knot (1.9 km/h; 1.2 mph) slower than her sister despite repeated efforts to improve her speed. On their sea trials, Nelson reached her designed speed of 14 knots (26 km/h; 16 mph), but Northampton could only reach 13.17 knots (24.39 km/h; 15.16 mph).[3]

Ships

The following table gives the construction details and purchase cost of the Nelson class. Standard British practice at that time was for these costs to exclude armament and stores. In the table:

  • Machinery meant "propelling machinery".
  • Hull included "hydraulic machinery, gun mountings, etc."[4]
Ship Builder Maker
of
Engines		 Date of[2] Cost according to
Laid Down Launch Completion (BNA 1895)[4] Parkes[2]
Hull Machinery Total
excluding
armament
Nelson Elder & Co., Glasgow Elder 2 Nov 1874 4 Nov 1876 26 Jul 1880 £303,310 £87,545 £390,865 £411,302
Northampton Robert Napier and Sons, Glasgow John Penn and Sons 26 Oct 1874 18 Nov 1876 7 Dec 1878 £296,836 £98,968 £395,804 £414,441

Service

Nelson was assigned to the Australia Station in 1881 and became the flagship there in 1885. She remained on station until returning home in 1889 for a lengthy refit. The ship then became guardship at Portsmouth in October 1891 and was placed in fleet reserve in 1894. Nelson was degraded to dockyard reserve in April 1901 and hulked seven months later as a training ship for stokers. She was sold for scrap in July 1910.[5]

Northampton became flagship of the North America and West Indies Station upon commissioning in 1879 and remained there for the next seven years. Upon her return, she was assigned to the reserve and made annual training cruises until she became a boys' training ship in 1894. The ship was paid off ten years later and sold for scrap in April 1905.[5]

Notes
  1. Parkes, pp. 239, 241
  2. Parkes, p. 239
  3. Parkes, pp. 239, 242–43
  4. The Naval Annual 1895 , pp. 192–200
  5. Parkes, p. 243

References
  • Brassey, T.A. (ed) The Naval Annual 1895
  • Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik, Eugene M., eds. (1979). Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich, UK: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 0-8317-0302-4.
  • Parkes, Oscar (1990). British Battleships (reprint of the 1957 ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-075-4.
  • Silverstone, Paul H. (1984). Directory of the World's Capital Ships. New York: Hippocrene Books. ISBN 0-88254-979-0.

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