National-Social Association

The National-Social Association (German: Nationalsozialer Verein, NSV) was a political party in the German Empire, founded in 1896 by Friedrich Naumann. It sought to synthesise liberalism, nationalism and non-Marxist socialism with Protestant Christian values in order to cross the ideological front lines and draw workers away from Marxist class struggle. However, it never grew beyond a minor party of intellectuals which failed to gain mass support in elections.[3]

National-Social Association Nationalsozialer Verein
Chairman	Friedrich Naumann (1896–1903)
Vice Chairmen	Caspar René Gregory (1896–1897) Paul Göhre (1897–1898) Adolf Damaschke (1898–1903)
Party Secretary	Martin Wenck (1897–1901) Max Maurenbrecher (1901–1903)
Founded	23/25 November 1896; 121 years ago
Dissolved	29/30 August 1903; 115 years ago
Split from	Evangelical Social Congress
Merged into	Free-minded Union
Headquarters	Leipzig (1896–1898) Berlin (1898–1903)
Newspaper	Die Hilfe Die Zeit
Membership	About 3.000 (upon dissolution)
Ideology	Nationalism Christian socialism Social liberalism
Political position	Centre-left[1][2]
Colours	Yellow
Politics of Germany Political parties Elections

History

In the second half of the 19th century, Germany underwent a rapid industrialization, which was connected with rising social problems. As a result of this, the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) was founded and soon outlawed under the first Chancellor of the German Empire Otto von Bismarck. After the party was legalized again in 1890 (the year Bismarck resigned), it enjoyed considerable success at elections. Since the SPD was Marxist, using Karl Marx's Das Kapital for their theoretical underpinnings, the ruling classes considered it a threat.

In 1896, Friedrich Naumann, a Protestant parish priest, founded the National-Social Association. The establishment is seen as a reaction to the rise of socialism and an attempt to offer a moderate social liberal alternative guided by Protestant Christian principles as opposed to the atheism of the SPD, to the new masses of the working class. It was influenced by the political theories of Max Weber, who helped founding the party.[4] In accordance with Weber's teachings, the party believed that working class and bourgeoisie should join hands for a strong German Empire, economic growth and social progress, therefore the party strove to dismantle the ideological divisions between socialists, left and national liberal and Christian parties.[5]

The ideology of the association was labeled by its thought leader first as "national socialism on a Christian basis" (nationaler Sozialismus auf christlicher Grundlage) and "social imperialism" (soziales Kaisertum), later as "proletarian-bourgeois integral liberalism" (proletarisch-bürgerlicher Gesamtliberalismus), meaning a mix of nationalism, Christian socialism and social liberalism. Naumann's party advocated a stronger role for the parliament, but did not question the leading position of the monarch.

Publications of the party included the weekly newspaper Die Hilfe (The Help) and the short-lived daily newspaper Die Zeit (The Time). Furthermore, there were a number of regional and local papers who had close ties with the association.

In the elections of 1898 and 1903, the candidates of the association failed to gain seats and Naumann dissolved the party, merging into the centrist liberal Free-minded Union. However, the newspaper Die Hilfe outlived the party and continued to advocate Naumann's ideology.

Despite its name, the National-Social Association is considered a liberal party and had no relation to the 20th century Nazi Party, except their shared rejection of Marxism and claim to great power status for the German Empire.

Notable members

Wilhelm Bousset Ludwig Curtius Martin Dibelius Adolf Damaschke Gustav Adolf Deissmann Gustav Frenssen Heinrich Gelzer

Hellmut von Gerlach Paul Göhre Caspar René Gregory Theodor Heuss Max Maurenbrecher Friedrich Naumann Karl Rathgen

Wilhelm Rein Rudolph Sohm Gustav Stresemann Ferdinand Tönnies Gottfried Traub Max Weber Johannes Weiss

See also

• Liberalism in Germany

Bibliography

• Düding, Dieter (1905). Der Nationalsoziale Verein 1896-1903: Der gescheiterte Versuch einer parteipolitischen Synthese von Nationalismus, Sozialismus und Liberalismus. München: Oldenbourg. ISBN 3486438018.
• Fehlberg, Frank (2012). Protestantismus und Nationaler Sozialismus: Liberale Theologie und politisches Denken um Friedrich Naumann. Bonn: Dietz. ISBN 3801242102.
• Göhre, Paul (1899). "The Social Objects of the National-Social Movement in Germany". American Journal of Sociology. 4 (6): 765–773. doi:10.1086/210855.
• Na, Inho (2003). Sozialreform oder Revolution: Gesellschaftspolitische Zukunftsvorstellungen im Naumann-Kreis 1890–1903/04. Marburg: Tectum. ISBN 3828885624.
• Wenck, Martin (1905). Die Geschichte der Nationalsozialen von 1895 bis 1903. Berlin: Hilfe.

References

1. Berger, Stefan (2003). The Search for Normality: National Identity and Historical Consciousness in Germany since 1800. Berghahn Books. p. 33.
2. Steger, Manfred B. (1997). The Quest for Evolutionary Socialism: Eduard Bernstein and social democracy. Cambridge University Press. p. 158.
3. Benedix, Reinhard; Roth, Guenther, "Weber's Generational Rebellion and Maturation", Scholarship and Partisanship: Essays on Max Weber, p. 18.
4. Derman, Joshua (2012), Max Weber in Politics and Social Thought: From Charisma to Canonization, Cambridge University Press, p. 25.
5. Mommsen, Wolfgang J. (1984) [1959], Max Weber and German Politics, 1890-1920, University of Chicago Press, p. 125.