NKVD filtration camp

NKVD screening and filtration camps (Russian: Проверочно-фильтрационные лагеря НКВД СССР), originally known as NKVD special-purpose camps / NKVD special camps (Russian: лагеря специального назначения НКВД СССР, спецлагеря НКВД), were camps for the screening of the Soviet soldiers returned from enemy imprisonment or encirclement. By the end of World War II they handled screening of all people from the Soviet territories occupied by Nazi Germany.[1] The NKVD special-purpose camps were established by NKVD Order No. 001735 of December 28, 1941, titled "О создании специальных лагерей для бывших военнослужащих Красной Армии, находившихся в плену и в окружении противника" ("On the establishment of special camps for former soldiers of the Red Army who were in captivity, or were surrounded by the enemy").[2] By NKVD Order No. 00100 of February 20, 1945, they were renamed to "проверочно-фильтрационные лагеря" ("verification and filtration camps").[1][3] Surviving POWs, about 1.5 million, repatriated Ostarbeiter, and other displaced persons, totally more than 4,000,000 people were sent to special NKVD filtration camps (not Gulag). By 1946, 80% civilians and 20% of PoWs were freed, 5% of civilians, and 43% of PoWs re-drafted, 10% of civilians and 22% of PoWs were sent to labor battalions, and 2% of civilians and 15% of the PoWs (226,127 out of 1,539,475 total) transferred to the NKVD, i.e. the Gulag.[4][5]

See also

References
  1. Шевченко, Владимир Вячеславович, "Деятельность лагерей специального назначения НКВД СССР в 1941 - 1946 годах", Ph.D. thesis summary, 2010
  2. Приказ НКВД СССР № 001735 от 28 декабря 1941 Г.//РГВА. Ф.1п. Оп.37а. Д.2. Л. 1-3.
  3. Приказ НКВД № 00100 от 20 февраля 1945 г//ГАРФ. Ф.9401. Оп.1а. Д.135. Л.172 Об.
  4. ("Военно-исторический журнал" ("Military-Historical Magazine"), 1997, №5. page 32)
  5. Земское В.Н. К вопросу о репатриации советских граждан. 1944–1951 годы // История СССР. 1990. № 4 (Zemskov V.N. On repatriation of Soviet citizens). Istoriya SSSR., 1990, No.4
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