Multimedia over Coax Alliance

The Multimedia over Coax Alliance (MoCA) is an international standards consortium that publishes specifications for networking over coaxial cable. The technology was originally developed to distribute Internet Protocol television in homes using existing wiring, but is now used as a general-purpose Ethernet link where it is inconvenient or undesirable to replace existing coaxial cable with more widely used optical fibre or twisted pair cabling.[4][5]

Multimedia over Coax Alliance
Official Logo
StatusPublished
Year started2004[1]
First publishedFebruary 2006 (2006-02)[2]
Latest version2.5
13 April 2016[3]
Preview version3.0
Related standardsEthernet
DomainComputer networking
LicenseProprietary
AbbreviationMoCA
Websitemocalliance.org

The first version of the standard, MoCA 1.0, was ratified in 2006 and supports transmission speeds of up to 135 Mb/s.[2] The most recently released version of the standard, MoCA 2.5, supports speeds of up to 2.5 Gb/s.

History

MoCA was established in 2004.

MoCA 1.0 was approved in 2006, MoCA 1.1 in April 2010, MoCA 2.0 in June 2010, and MoCA 2.5 in April 2016.[3]

Membership

The Alliance currently has 45 members including pay TV operators, OEMs, CE manufacturers and IC vendors.[6]

MoCA’s board of directors consists of Arris, Comcast, Cox Communications, DirecTV, Echostar, Intel, InCoax, MaxLinear and Verizon.

Technology

Within the scope of the Internet protocol suite, MoCA is a protocol that provides the link layer. In the 7-layer OSI model, it provides definitions within the data link layer (layer 2) and the physical layer (layer 1). DLNA approved of MoCA as a layer 2 protocol.[7] A MoCA network can contain up to 16 nodes for MoCA 1.1 and higher, with a maximum of 8 for MoCA 1.0.[8] The network provides a shared-medium, half-duplex link between all nodes using time-division multiplexing; within each timeslot, any pair of nodes communicates directly with eachother using the highest mutually-supported version of the standard.[9]

MoCA Technology Timeline

MoCA 1.1

MoCA 1.1 provides 175 Mbit/s net throughputs (275 Mbit/s PHY rate) and operates in the 500 to 1500 MHz frequency range.[10]

MoCA 2.0

MoCA 2.0 offers actual throughputs (MAC rate) up to 1 Gbps. Operating frequency range is 500 to 1650 MHz. Packet error rate is 1 packet error in 100 million.[11]

MoCA 2.0 also offers lower power modes of sleep and standby and is backward interoperable with MoCA 1.1.[12]

In March 2017, SCTE/ISBE society and MoCA consortium began creating a new "standards operational practice" (SCTE 235) to provide MoCA 2.0 with Docsis 3.1 interoperability. Interoperability is necessary because both MoCA 2.0 and Docsis 3.1 may operate in the frequency range above 1 GHz. The standard "addresses the need to prevent degradation or failure of signals due to a shared frequency range above 1 GHz". [13][14]

MoCA 2.5

MoCA 2.5 (introduced April 13, 2016[3]) offers actual data rates up to 2.5 Gbit/s, continues to be backward interoperable with MoCA 2.0 and MoCA 1.1, and adds MoCA protected setup (MPS), Management Proxy, Enhanced Privacy, Network wide Beacon Power, and Bridge detection.[15]

MoCA Access is intended for multiple dwelling units (MDUs) such as hotels, resorts, hospitals, or educational facilities. It is based on the current MoCA 2.0 standard which is capable of 1 Gbps net throughputs, and MoCA 2.5 which is capable of 2.5 Gbps.[16]

MoCA 3.0

The MoCA 3.0 standard is currently in development and is expected to increase the maximum throughput to 10 Gbps.

MoCA performance profiles
MoCA 1.0 MoCA 1.1 MoCA 2.0 MoCA 2.0
bonded		 MoCA 2.1 MoCA 2.1
bonded		 MoCA 2.5 MoCA 3.0
Mbit/s actual throughput 100 175 500 1000 500 1000 2500 10,000
Number of channels bonded 2 2 3~5 ≤4
Power save (standby and sleep) X X X X X X
MoCA protected setup (MPS) X X X
Management proxy X X X
Enhanced privacy X X X
Network wide beacon power X X X
Bridge detection X X X

Frequency band plan
Channel Frequency (center), MHz[17]
E1 500
E2 525
E3 550
E4 575
E5 600
A1 875
B1 900
C1 925
C2 950
C3 975
C4 1000
D1 1150
D2 1200
D3 1250
D4 1300
D5 1350
D6 1400
D7 1450
D8 1500

Notes:

  • Channel C4 is commonly used for Verizon FiOS for the "WAN" link from the ONT to the router.[18]
  • Channels D1-D8 are commonly used for "LAN" links, between set-top boxes and the router.[18]
  • E band channels are commonly used by DirecTV converter boxes. The DirecTV Ethernet-to-Coax Adapter (DECA) uses MoCA on this "Mid-RF" frequency band.

See also

References
  1. Monk, Anton; Lee, Ronald; Hebron, Yoav (2013-07-12). "The Multimedia Over Coax Alliance". Proceedings of the IEEE. 101 (11): 2322–2338. doi:10.1109/JPROC.2013.2266299. ISSN 0018-9219. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  2. Ovadia, Shlomo (2007-09-09). Jain, Raj; Dingel, Benjamin B.; Komaki, Shozo; Ovadia, Shlomo (eds.). MoCA: ubiquitous multimedia networking in the home. Boston, MA. pp. 67760C. doi:10.1117/12.726808. Retrieved 2021-01-09.
  3. "Home Networking Gets a New Performance Standard". www.mocalliance.org. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
  4. O'Shea, Dan (2006-11-20). "The IPTV battle enters the home". Telephony. Chicago, United States: Informa. 247 (19): 20–21. eISSN 2161-8690. ISSN 0040-2656. Retrieved 2021-01-13 – via ProQuest.
  5. Zhou, Shujia; Song, Yingxiong; Lin, Rujian (2011-09-25). FTTB multimedia access solution based on MoCA technology. 2011 IEEE 13th International Conference on Communication Technology. pp. 1037–1040. doi:10.1109/ICCT.2011.6158037. Retrieved 2021-01-13.
  6. "MoCA Members". MoCAlliance.org. Retrieved October 16, 2013.
  7. MOCA FAQs
  10. http://moca4installers.com/moca_faqs.php
  11. "Introducing MoCA 2.0". MoCA website. June 15, 2010. Retrieved May 25, 2012.
  12. "MoCA FAQs". MoCA web site. Retrieved October 17, 2013.
  13. KMCreative. "SCTE/ISBE Standards, MoCA® Team Up on New Operational Practice for DOCSIS® 3.1-MoCA Interoperability". www.mocalliance.org. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
  14. "SCTE 235, Operational Practice for the Coexistence of DOCSIS 3.1 Signals and MoCA Signals in the Home Environment" (PDF). Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers Inc. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-03-22. Retrieved 2017-03-21.
  15. "MoCA 2.5 News". MoCA web site. Retrieved May 10, 2016.
  16. KMCreative. "MoCA Access™". www.mocalliance.org. Retrieved 2017-10-02.
  17. "MoCA 1.1 Specification for Device RF Characteristics" (PDF). MoCAlliance.org. Multimedia over Coax Alliance.
  18. Verizon Online FiOS FAQ → 3.2 MOCA
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