Monarcha

Monarcha is a genus of bird in the family Monarchidae. They are found in Australia and Melanesia.

Monarcha
Black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Aves
Order:	Passeriformes
Family:	Monarchidae
Genus:	Monarcha Vigors & Horsfield, 1827
Synonyms
Monarcharses Monarches

Taxonomy and systematics

The genus Monarcha was introduced by naturalists Nicholas Vigors and Thomas Horsfield in 1827 with the black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis) as the type species.[1][2] The genus formerly included many more species. Based on the results of a molecular phylogenetic study published in 2005 nineteen species were moved to the resurrected genus Symposiachrus and three to Carterornis.[3][4]

Extant species

The genus Monarcha contains the following nine species:[4]

• Rufous monarch (Monarcha rubiensis)
• Island monarch (Monarcha cinerascens)
• Black-faced monarch (Monarcha melanopsis)
• Black-winged monarch (Monarcha frater)
• Bougainville monarch (Monarcha erythrostictus)
• Chestnut-bellied monarch (Monarcha castaneiventris)
• White-capped monarch (Monarcha richardsii)
• Yap monarch (Monarcha godeffroyi)
• Tinian monarch (Monarcha takatsukasae)

Former species

Formerly, some authorities also considered the following species (or subspecies) as species within the genus Monarcha:

• Black-naped monarch (as Monarcha azurea)[5]
• Rarotonga monarch (as Monarches dimidiatus)[6]
• Marquesan monarch (as Monarcha Mendozae)[7]
• Black monarch (as Monarcha axillaris)[8]
• Black-bibbed monarch (as Monarcha mundus)[9]
• Flores monarch (as Monarcha sacerdotum)[10]
• Black-chinned monarch (as Monarcha boanensis)[11]
• Spectacled monarch (as Monarcha trivirgatus)[12]
• Spectacled monarch (Seram) (as Monarcha nigrimentum)[13]
• Spectacled monarch (bernsteinii) (as Monarcha bernsteini)[14]
• Spectacled monarch (melanopterus) (as Monarcha melanoptera)[15]
• Spectacled monarch (albiventris) (as Monarcha albiventris)[16]
• Spectacled monarch (gouldii) (as Monarcha gouldii)[17]
• White-tailed monarch (as Monarcha leucurus)[18]
• White-tipped monarch (as Monarcha everetti)[19]
• Kofiau monarch (as Monarcha julianae)[20]
• Biak monarch (as Monarcha brehmii)[21]
• Manus monarch (as Monarcha infelix)[22]
• Mussau monarch (as Monarcha menckei)[23]
• Black-tailed monarch (as Monarcha verticalis)[24]
• Djaul monarch (as Monarcha ateralba)[25]
• Solomons monarch (as Monarcha barbata)[26]
• Malaita monarch (as Monarcha malaitae)[27]
• Kolombangara monarch (as Monarcha browni or Monarcha kulambangrae)[28]
• Kolombangara monarch (nigrotectus) (as Monarcha nigrotectus)[29]
• White-collared monarch (as Monarcha vidua or Monarcha viduus)[30]
• White-eared monarch (as Monarcha leucotis)[31]
• White-naped monarch (as Monarcha pileatus)[32]
• White-naped monarch (buruensis) (as Monarcha buruensis)[33]
• Loetoe monarch (as Monarcha castus)[34]
• Golden monarch (as Monarcha chrysomela)[35]
• Golden monarch (aruensis) (as Monarcha aruensis)[36]
• Golden monarch (melanonotus) (as Monarcha melanonotus)[37]
• Golden monarch (kordensis) (as Monarcha kordensis)[38]
• Ochre-collared monarch (as Monarcha insularis)[39]
• Shining flycatcher (as Monarcha alecto)[40]
• Velvet flycatcher (as Monarcha hebetior)[41]

References

1. Vigors, Nicholas Aylward; Horsfield, Thomas (1827). "Australian birds in the collection of the Linnean Society; with an attempt at arranging them according to their natural affinities". Transactions of the Linnean Society of London (in English and Latin). 15 (1): 170–334 [254–255]. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1826.tb00115.x. The title page is dated 1826.
2. Mayr, Ernst; Cottrell, G. William, eds. (1986). Check-list of Birds of the World. Volume 11. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 500.
3. Filardi, C.E.; Smith, C.E. (2005). "Molecular phylogenetics of monarch flycatchers (genus Monarcha) with emphasis on Solomon Island endemics". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 37 (3): 776–788. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2005.02.007. PMID 16291094.
4. Gill, Frank; Donsker, David, eds. (2019). "Monarchs". World Bird List Version 9.2. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 29 October 2019.
5. Harrison, John; Worfolk, Tim (2011-01-27). A Field Guide to the Birds of Sri Lanka. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780199585663.
6. "Pomarea dimidiata - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
7. "Pomarea mendozae - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-11.
8. "Symposiachrus axillaris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-12.
9. "Symposiachrus mundus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
10. "Symposiachrus sacerdotum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
11. "Symposiachrus boanensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
12. "Symposiachrus trivirgatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
13. "Symposiachrus trivirgatus nigrimentum - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
14. "Symposiachrus trivirgatus bernsteinii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-13.
15. "Symposiachrus trivirgatus melanopterus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
16. "Symposiachrus trivirgatus albiventris - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
17. "Symposiachrus trivirgatus gouldii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
18. "Symposiachrus leucurus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
19. "Symposiachrus everetti - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
20. "Symposiachrus loricatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-14.
21. "Symposiachrus brehmii - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
22. "Symposiachrus infelix - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
23. "Symposiachrus menckei - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
24. "Symposiachrus verticalis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
25. "Symposiachrus verticalis ateralbus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
26. "Symposiachrus barbatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
27. "Symposiachrus malaitae (Malaita Monarch)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Retrieved 2017-01-16.old-form url
28. "Symposiachrus browni - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-16.
29. "Symposiachrus browni nigrotectus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
30. "Symposiachrus vidua - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-17.
31. "Carterornis leucotis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
32. "Carterornis pileatus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
33. "Carterornis pileatus buruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
34. "Carterornis castus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-20.
35. "Carterornis chrysomela - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
36. "Carterornis chrysomela aruensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
37. "Carterornis chrysomela melanonotus - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
38. "Carterornis chrysomela kordensis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
39. "Arses insularis - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-21.
40. "Myiagra alecto - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.
41. "Myiagra hebetior - Avibase". avibase.bsc-eoc.org. Retrieved 2017-01-26.