Monachoides vicinus

Monachoides vicinus (syn. Perforatella vicina) is a species of air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Hygromiidae, the hairy snails and their allies.

Monachoides vicinus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Mollusca
Class:
Gastropoda
(unranked):
clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Eupulmonata
clade Stylommatophora
informal group Sigmurethra
Superfamily:
Helicoidea
Family:
Hygromiidae
Genus:
Monachoides
Species:
M. vicinus
Binomial name
Monachoides vicinus
Synonyms

Perforatella vicina Rossmässler, 1842

Distribution

This snail is found in the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Ukraine[3] and other countries.

There are isolated occurrences in the Pannonian Plain (Bátorliget, Hungary) and in the Nordfrankischer Jura (Pottenstein).There are several published and unpublished distribution records and there is no evidence that the area of occupancy (AOO), extent of occurrence (EOO), or the number of locations are declining or extremely fluctuating.

Description
Shell of Monachoides vicinus.

This is a silvicol species with a preference for deciduous and pine forests of higher altitude (over 700 m asl.),[4] where it lives on the ground among leaf-litter, or decaying dead wood.

SEM image of lateral view of love dart of Monachoides vicinus. The scale bar is 500 μm (0.5 mm).
Drawing of love dart of Monachoides vicinus. Cross-section (on the left) and lateral view (on the right)

These snails use love darts as part of their mating behavior.

Conservation

This species is protected in Hungary and some subpopulations are known to occur within protected areas. Although it inhabits a large area (300,000 km2), due to its special habitat preference, the population is fragmented. The species' range is not satisfactorily explored and there are no data on population trend. However, forest habitats are known to be diminishing in that region and therefore one might suppose that number of subpopulations or the number of mature individuals are declining.[5]

References
  1. Feher, Z. 2013. Monachoides vicinus. In: IUCN 2014. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Downloaded on 20 December 2014.
  2. Müller O. F. 1774. Vermivm terrestrium et fluviatilium, seu animalium infusoriorum, helminthicorum, et testaceorum, non marinorum, succincta historia. Volumen alterum. pp. I-XXVI [= 1-36], 1-214, [1-10]. Havniae & Lipsiae. (Heineck & Faber).
  3. Balashov I. & Gural-Sverlova N. 2012. An annotated checklist of the terrestrial molluscs of Ukraine. Journal of Conchology. 41 (1): 91-109.
  4. Grossu, A.V. 1983. Gastropoda Romaniae 4. Editura Litera, Bucuresti.
  5. Feher, Z. 2013. Monachoides vicinus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Downloaded on 20 December 2014
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