Mohammed bin Thani

Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani (Arabic: محمد بن ثاني‎; c. 1788 – 18 December 1878), also known as Mohammed bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir (Arabic: محمد بن ثاني بن محمد آل ثامر‎), was the first Hakim (ruler)[1] of the whole Qatari Peninsula, following his predecessor, his father, tribal leader Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir. He is known for being the father of Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani, the founder of Qatar and who fended off the Ottoman army in the late 19th century.[2]

Mohammed bin Thani
محمد ثاني
Emir of Qatar
Reign1847–18 December 1878
PredecessorThani bin Mohammed
SuccessorJassim bin Mohammed Al Thani
Born1788
Fuwayrit, Qatar
Died18 December 1878(1878-12-18) (aged 90)
Doha, Qatar
Burial
Doha, Qatar
SpouseNoura Al Kuwari
[...] of Al-Mansouri Family
IssueJassim
Ahmed
Fahad
Eid
Thamir
Jabor
Sheikha Rowda bint Mohammed Al Thani
Sheikha ... bint Mohammed Al Thani
Full name
Mohammed bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir
Arabicمحمد بن ثاني
DynastyAl Thani
FatherThani bin Mohammed
Styles of
The Emir of Qatar
Reference styleHis Highness
Spoken styleYour Highness
Alternative styleSheikh

Early life and governance

Sheikh Mohammed bin Thani was born in Fuwayrit, Qatar, by his father and predecessor to the throne, Sheikh Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir (born in Zubarah),[3] with Sheikh Mohammed being the second eldest son of his father, along with his four siblings:[2]

  1. Sheikh Thamir bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir
  2. Sheikh Eid bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir
  3. Sheikh Ali bin Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir
  4. Sheikh Ahmad bin Thani bin Mohammed Al-Thamir

After living a lengthy life in Fuwayrit, the Al Thani family finally moved in 1847 from Fuwayrit to Doha, the capital city and state of Qatar, under the leadership of Sheikh Mohammed, who was 59 at the time.[2]

His father later died in 1860, when he succeeded to the throne. By the early 1860s, Sheikh Mohammed emerged as the most important figure in Qatar and an important government official in the Persian Gulf. He abdicated, due to old age, as emir of Qatar in 1876, turning the throne over to his eldest son Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani.[2]

Events during his reign
  • Sheikh Mohammed extended his influence throughout the whole Qatari Peninsula and strengthened his position externally by making an alliance with Faisal Bin Turki, the emir of the second Saudi state, who himself paid a visit to Qatar in early 1851.[2]
  • On 12 September 1868, Sheikh Mohammed signed a treaty with Colonel Lewis Pelly, a British resident in the Persian Gulf, which recognized the independence of Qatar.[2]
  • In 1871, Sheikh Mohammed made a plea for protection against any external attack to the Ottomans at Al Hasa. However, the Ottomans were the ones who displayed hostility to the Qataris in the same decade of his plea.[2]

Children

Sheikh Mohammed had 8 children: six sons (listed below) and two daughters, both with unknown names.

No.NameGovernment PositionYear of birthYear of death
1Sheikh Jassim bin Mohammed Al ThaniRuler of Qatar (1876–1913)c. 18251913
2Sheikh Ahmed bin Mohammed Al ThaniSheikh of Doha18531905
3Sheikh Fahad bin Mohammed Al ThaniNoneUnknownDied early
4Sheikh Eid bin Mohammed Al ThaniNoneUnknownDied early
5Sheikh Jabor bin Mohammed Al ThaniNone18781934
6Sheikh Thamir bin Mohammed Al ThaniNoneUnknownUnknown
7Sheikha Rowda bint Mohammed Al ThaniNoneUnknownUnknown
8Sheikha ... bint Mohammed Al ThaniNoneUnknownUnknown

Death

Sheikh Mohammed died two years after abdicating from his throne in 1876. He died a natural death on 18 December 1878. As remembrance, it is a national day in Qatar.[2]

References
  1. "Sheikh Mohammed Bin Thani | The Amiri Diwan".
  2. "Shaikh Mohamed Bin Thani - Amiri Diwan". Amiri Diwan. Retrieved 7 March 2018.
  3. Abū Nāb, Ibrāhīm (1977). Qatar: A Story of State Building. p. 85.
Mohammed bin Thani
Born: c. 1788 Died: 18 December 1878
Regnal titles
Preceded by
Thani bin Mohammed Al Thamir		 Emir of Qatar
1847–1876		 Succeeded by
Jassim bin Mohammed Al Thani
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