Moema (fish)

Moema is a genus of fish in the family Rivulidae. These annual killifish are mostly restricted to the Amazon basin in Bolivia, Brazil and Peru, but a few inhabit the upper Essequibo basin in Guyana, upper Orinoco basin in Venezuela and upper Paraguay basin in Brazil.[2][3] They inhabit temporary waters, such as swamps or ponds, in primary forests. Once the water disappears, the adults die, but the eggs that have been laid in the bottom remain, only hatching after 3–10 months when the water returns.[3][4] They rapidly reach adult size, but generally only live a few months after hatching, although captives (not subjected to disappearing water) can live longer.[3][4]

For other uses, see Moema (disambiguation).

Moema
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cyprinodontiformes
Family: Rivulidae
Genus: Moema
W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989
Type species
Moema piriana
Costa, 1989[1]
Synonyms

Aphyolebias Costa, 1998

They are small fish, with the largest species up to 18 cm (7.1 in) in total length.[3]

Species

Moema was first described in 1989, having formerly been included in the Pterolebias. In 1998, it was suggested that several Moema species should be moved to their own genus, Aphyolebias.[5] Some, including FishBase, continue to recognize both Moema and Aphyolebias.[6][7] The distinction between them is not well-defined and genetic studies have shown that Moema is paraphyletic if not including Aphyolebias, leading several authorities such as Catalog of Fishes to consider the latter a junior synonym of former.[2][8][9][10]

According to Fishbase, there are currently 11 recognized species in this genus:[6]

  • Moema apurinan W. J. E. M. Costa, 2004
  • Moema beucheyi Valdesalici, D. T. B. Nielsen & Pillet, 2015[9]
  • Moema hellneri W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003
  • Moema heterostigma W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003
  • Moema nudifrontata W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003
  • Moema ortegai W. J. E. M. Costa, 2003[9]
  • Moema pepotei W. J. E. M. Costa, 1992
  • Moema piriana W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989
  • Moema portugali W. J. E. M. Costa, 1989
  • Moema quiii Huber, 2003
  • Moema staecki (Seegers, 1987)

References
  1. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Moema". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 15 September 2019.
  2. Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Moema". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  3. Vermeulen, F. "The genus Moema, Costa 1989". itrainsfishes.net. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  4. Vermeulen, F. "The genus Aphyolebias, Garman, 1895". itrainsfishes.net. Retrieved 11 November 2018.
  5. Costa, W.J.E.M. (1998). "Phylogeny and classification of Rivulidae revisited: evolution of annualism and miniaturization in rivulid fishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheiloidei)". Journal of Comparative Biology. 3: 33–92.
  6. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Moema in FishBase. November 2018 version.
  7. Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2018). Species of Aphyolebias in FishBase. November 2018 version.
  8. Costa, W.J.E.M. (2014). "Phylogeny and evolutionary radiation in seasonal rachovine killifishes: biogeographical and taxonomical implications". Vertebrate Zoology. 64 (2): 177–192.
  9. Valdesalici, S., Nielsen, D.T.B. & Pillet, D. (2015): Moema beucheyi (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae), a new annual killifish from the Río Madeira basin, Bolivian Amazon. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 21 (3): 128-135.
  10. Valdesalici, S. (2016): Moema kenwoodi – a new annual killifish from the Madre de Dios river drainage, Peruvian Amazon (Teleostei: Rivulidae). Journal of the American Killifish Association, 48 (3): 66-72.


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