Metropolitan municipalities in Turkey
There are 81 provinces in Turkey (Turkish: il). Among the 81 provinces, thirty are designated metropolitan municipalities[1] (Turkish: büyükşehir belediyeleri). Metropolitan municipalities are subdivided into districts (Turkish: ilçe), where each district includes a corresponding district municipality, which is a second tier municipality.[2]
History
The first metropolitan municipalities were established in 1984.[3] These were the three most populous cities in Turkey, namely; İstanbul, Ankara and İzmir. In each metropolitan municipality a number of second level municipalities (ilçe municipality) were established. In 1986, four new metropolitan municipalities were established in Adana,[4] Bursa,[5] Gaziantep[6] and Konya.[7] Two years later the total number was increased to eight with the addition of Kayseri.[8] In 1993, seven new metropolitan municipalities were established in Antalya, Diyarbakır, Erzurum, Eskişehir, Mersin, Kocaeli and Samsun.[9] Following the earthquake of 1999, Sakarya was also declared a metropolitan municipality.[10]
Before 2004, only the urban centers with a population more than 750,000 were declared metropolitan centers. However, in 2004, the concept of metropolitan municipality was redefined in Istanbul and Kocaeli, where thenceforth metropolitan municipality borders would overlap with provincial borders. In 2012, this was extended to other metropolitan municipalities.[11] Thus, all provinces with a population in excess of 750,000 were declared metropolitan municipality and accordingly the number of metropolitan municipalities has sharply increased. The following 13 cities became metropolitan municipalities:[11]
Later, with the addition of Ordu, the total number of the metropolitan municipalities was increased to 30.[12]
List of metropolitan areas
(Dark blue :Those provinces before 2014, light blue those after 2014)
Metropolitan municipalities | Date of establishment | Population (2013)[13] | Population (2019)[14] | Number of districts |
---|---|---|---|---|
Adana | 05.06.1986 | 2,149,160 | 2,237,940 | 15 |
Ankara | 23.03.1984 | 5,045,083 | 5,639,076 | 25 |
Antalya | 09.09.1993 | 2,158,265 | 2,511,700 | 19 |
Aydın | 06.12.2012 | 1,020,957 | 1,110,972 | 17 |
Balıkesir | 06.12.2012 | 1,162,761 | 1,228,620 | 20 |
Bursa | 18.06.1986 | 2,740,970 | 3,056,120 | 17 |
Denizli | 06.12.2012 | 963,464 | 1,037,208 | 19 |
Diyarbakır | 09.09.1993 | 1,607,437 | 1,756,323 | 17 |
Erzurum | 09.09.1993 | 766,729 | 762,062 | 20 |
Eskişehir | 09.09.1993 | 799,724 | 887,475 | 14 |
Gaziantep | 20.06.1986 | 1,844,438 | 2,069,364 | 9 |
Hatay | 06.12.2012 | 1,503,066 | 1,628,894 | 15 |
Mersin[Note 1] | 09.09.1993 | 1,705,774 | 1,840,425 | 13 |
İstanbul | 23.03.1984 | 14,160,467 | 15,519,267 | 39 |
İzmir | 23.03.1984 | 4,061,074 | 4,367,251 | 30 |
Kayseri | 07.12.1988 | 1,295,355 | 1,407,409 | 16 |
Kocaeli[Note 2] | 09.09.1993 | 1,676,202 | 1,953,035 | 12 |
Konya | 20.06.1986 | 2,079,225 | 2,232,374 | 31 |
Malatya | 06.12.2012 | 762,538 | 800,165 | 13 |
Manisa | 06.12.2012 | 1,359,463 | 1,440,611 | 17 |
Kahramanmaraş | 06.12.2012 | 1,075,076 | 1,154,102 | 11 |
Mardin | 06.12.2012 | 779,738 | 838,778 | 10 |
Muğla | 06.12.2012 | 866,665 | 983,142 | 13 |
Ordu | 14.03.2013 | 731,452[Note 3] | 754,198 | 19 |
Sakarya[Note 4] | 06.03.2000 | 917,373 | 1,029,650 | 16 |
Samsun | 09.09.1993 | 1,261,810 | 1,348,542 | 17 |
Tekirdağ | 06.12.2012 | 874,475 | 1,055,412 | 11 |
Trabzon | 06.12.2012 | 758,237 | 808,974 | 18 |
Şanlıurfa | 06.12.2012 | 1,801,980 | 2,073,614 | 13 |
Van | 06.12.2012 | 1,070,113 | 1,136,757 | 13 |
Total | N/A | 58,999,701 | 64,669,459 | 519 |
Since the total population of Turkey is 83,154,997, the population in the 30 provinces make up 77% of the population of the country.
See also
Notes
- Formerly named İçel.
- Formerly the center city of Kocaeli Province was İzmit, which is now a district
- The population of Ordu Province was more than 750,000 limit in 2013
- Formerly the center city of Sakarya Province was Adapazarı, which is now a district
References
- Statistical Institute page
- Law act no 5216 (in Turkish)
- Belleten of legislation (in Turkish)
- Art no 3306 (in Turkish)
- "Art no 3391" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
- "Art no.3398" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2014-01-31. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
- "Art no 3399" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
- "Art no 3508" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
- "Decree no 504" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
- "Art no 593" (in Turkish). Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-31.
- "Art no 6360" (in Turkish).
- CNN Turk news (in Turkish)
- "Statistical Institute 2013". Archived from the original on 2015-01-30. Retrieved 2015-01-30.
- "Statistical Institute 2014". Archived from the original on 2015-01-30. Retrieved 2015-01-30.