Meru Betiri National Park

Meru Betiri National Park is a national park in the province of East Java, Indonesia, extending over an area of 580 km2 of which a small part is marine (8.45 km2).[2] The beaches of the park provide nesting grounds for endangered turtle species such as leatherback turtles, hawksbill turtles, green turtles, and olive ridley turtles.[3]

Meru Betiri National Park
Taman Nasional Meru Betiri
IUCN category II (national park)
Bandealit Beach
Meru Betiri NP
Location in Java
Meru Betiri NP
Meru Betiri NP (Indonesia)
LocationEast Java, Indonesia
Nearest cityJember
Coordinates8°32′S 113°47′E
Area580 km2 (220 sq mi)
Established1982
Visitors2,486 (in 2006)[1]
Governing bodyMinistry of Environment and Forestry

Geography and climate

Meru Betiri National Park has a varied topography reaching from a plain coast to highlands with an altitude of almost 1,200 metres (3,900 ft). The tallest mountains within the park are Mount Gamping (538 m), Mount Butak (609 m), Mount Sukamade Atas (801 m), Mount Gendong (840 m asl), Mount Mandilis (844 m) and Mount Betiri (1,192 m). The topography along the coast is generally hilly to mountainous. There are only few sandy plain coasts, most of them located in the west, such as Rajegwesi Beach, Sukamade Beach, Permisan Beach, Meru Beach and Bandealit Beach. Some rivers across Meru Betiri NP are Sukamade River, a perennial river, Permisan River, Meru River and Sekar Pisang River that flow to the South coast.[4]

The Meru Betiri area is influenced by monsoon wind. During November to March, the westerly wind brings rainfall to the area, whereas the dry season occurs during April to October. The average annual rainfall is between 2300 and 4,000 millimetres (160 in), with 4 dry months and 7 wet months in average.[4]

Vegetation
Rafflesia zollingeriana found at Krecek Block, National Park Management Section Region II Ambulu, Meru Betiri National Park

As a result of its diverse topography, Meru Betiri NP contains five distinct vegetation types:[4]

The rare parasitic plant Rafflesia zollingeriana was rediscovered in Meru Betiri NP.[5]

Fauna

The park provides habitat for many other protected animals, including 29 species of mammal and 180 species of bird. Among them are the banteng, Javan leopard, wild boar, long-tailed macaque, Sumatran dhole, Javanese flying squirrel, leopard cat, Javan muntjac, and green peafowl.[3] The beaches of the park provide nesting ground for leatherback turtles, hawksbill turtles, green turtles, and olive ridley turtles.[3]

Meru Betiri National Park is known as the last habitat of the Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica) which is now considered extinct, with the last sighting having been recorded in 1976.[6] Due to a research in 1997 found a tiger paw prints at size 26–28 centimetres (10–11 in), so the Forestry Ministry has agreed to monitor the existence of the Javanese tiger by camera trap in 2011.[7]

Conservation

The Meru Betiri Forest area was first appointed as a protected forest by the Dutch Colonial Government in 1931. In 1972 the Meru Betiri Protected Forest (500 km2) was appointed as a wildlife sanctuary, prioritized for protecting the habitat of the then endangered Javan tiger.[4] In 1982 the sanctuary was expanded to its current extent of 580 km2 including a marine area of 845 ha. In 1982 the sanctuary was declared a National Park,[3] which finally has been designated as such in 1997.[4]

References
  1. "Forestry statistics of Indonesia 2007" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-22. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  2. "Meru Betiri National Park Management Authority". Archived from the original on 2009-12-04. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
  3. "Ministry of Forestry: Meru Betiri NP". Archived from the original on 2010-02-10. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
  4. "Lestari Hutan Indonesia: Meru Betiri NP". Archived from the original on 2010-04-20. Retrieved 2010-01-11.
  5. Nickrent, Dan (23 March 2019). "Rafflesia zollingeriana page". Parasitic Plant Connection. Southern Illinois University. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
  6. Jackson, P. & Nowell, K. (2008). "Panthera tigris ssp. sondaica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved 11 January 2010.
  7. "TNMB to retrace Javanese tiger". September 7, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2017.
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