Merle Haggard discography
The discography for American country music singer Merle Haggard includes 66 studio albums, five instrumental albums featuring his backing band the Strangers, as well as several live and compilation albums. Haggard recorded for a variety of major and independent record labels through the years, with significant years spent with Capitol Records (where he lived for over a decade), MCA Records, Epic Records and Curb Records, as well as his own label Hag Records.
| Merle Haggard discography | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Studio albums | 66 |
| Live albums | 8 |
| Compilation albums | 26 |
| Music videos | 13 |
| Singles | 84 |
| No.1 Single | 38 |
Studio albums
1960s
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions[1] | |
|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | ||
| Strangers |
|
9 | — |
| Just Between the Two of Us (with Bonnie Owens and the Strangers) |
|
4 | — |
| Swinging Doors and the Bottle Let Me Down (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | — |
| I'm a Lonesome Fugitive (with the Strangers) |
|
3 | 165 |
| Branded Man/I Threw Away the Rose (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | 167 |
| Sing Me Back Home (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | — |
| The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde (with the Strangers) |
|
6 | — |
| Mama Tried (with the Strangers) |
|
4 | — |
| Pride in What I Am (with the Strangers) |
|
11 | 189 |
| Same Train, a Different Time: Merle Haggard Sings the Great Songs of Jimmie Rodgers (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | 67 |
| A Portrait of Merle Haggard (with the Strangers) |
|
3 | 99 |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||
1970s
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions[1] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | CAN Country | CAN | ||
| A Tribute to the Best Damn Fiddle Player in the World (or, My Salute to Bob Wills) (with the Strangers) |
|
2 | 58 | — | — |
| Hag (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | 66 | — | 63 |
| Someday We'll Look Back (with the Strangers) |
|
4 | 108 | — | — |
| Let Me Tell You About a Song (with the Strangers) |
|
7 | 166 | — | — |
| It's Not Love (But It's Not Bad) (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | — | — | — |
| Merle Haggard's Christmas Present (Something Old, Something New) |
|
4 | — | — | — |
| If We Make it Through December (with the Strangers) |
|
4 | 190 | — | — |
| Merle Haggard Presents His 30th Album (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | — | — | — |
| Keep Movin' On (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | 129 | — | — |
| It's All in the Movies (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | — | — | — |
| My Love Affair with Trains (with the Strangers) |
|
7 | — | — | — |
| The Roots of My Raising (with the Strangers) |
|
8 | — | — | — |
| Ramblin' Fever |
|
5 | — | — | 20 |
| A Working Man Can't Get Nowhere Today (with the Strangers) |
|
28 | — | — | — |
| My Farewell to Elvis |
|
6 | 133 | — | — |
| I'm Always on a Mountain When I Fall |
|
17 | — | 9 | — |
| Serving 190 Proof |
|
17 | — | 1 | — |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||
1980s
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions [1] |
Certifications[2] (sales threshold) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | CAN Country | |||
| The Way I Am |
|
16 | — | — | |
| Back to the Barrooms |
|
8 | — | — | |
| Songs for the Mama That Tried |
|
46 | — | — | |
| Big City |
|
3 | 161 | — |
|
| A Taste of Yesterday's Wine (with George Jones) |
|
4 | 123 | — | |
| Going Where the Lonely Go |
|
3 | — | — | |
| Goin' Home for Christmas |
|
41 | — | — | |
| Pancho & Lefty (with Willie Nelson) |
|
1 | 37 | — |
|
| Heart to Heart (with Leona Williams) |
|
44 | — | — | |
| That's the Way Love Goes |
|
8 | — | — | |
| It's All in the Game |
|
1 | — | 6 | |
| Kern River |
|
8 | — | — | |
| A Friend in California |
|
2 | — | — | |
| Out Among the Stars |
|
15 | — | — | |
| Seashores of Old Mexico (with Willie Nelson) |
|
31 | — | — | |
| Chill Factor |
|
8 | — | 14 | |
| 5:01 Blues |
|
28 | — | — | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||
1990s
| Title | Album details | Peak positions [1] |
|---|---|---|
| US Country | ||
| Blue Jungle |
|
47 |
| 1994 |
|
60 |
| 1996 |
|
— |
| Cabin in the Hills |
|
— |
| Two Old Friends (with Albert E. Brumley, Jr.) |
|
— |
2000s
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions[1] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | US Indie | ||
| If I Could Only Fly |
|
26 | — | 10 |
| Roots, Volume 1 |
|
47 | — | 26 |
| California Blend (with Chester Smith) |
|
— | — | — |
| The Peer Sessions |
|
— | — | — |
| Haggard Like Never Before |
|
40 | — | 20 |
| I Wish I Was Santa Claus |
|
— | — | — |
| Unforgettable |
|
39 | — | — |
| Chicago Wind |
|
54 | — | — |
| Last of the Breed (with Willie Nelson and Ray Price) |
|
7 | 64 | — |
| Working Man's Journey |
|
— | — | — |
| The Bluegrass Sessions |
|
43 | — | 34 |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | ||||
2010s
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions [1] | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | US Indie | CA | ||
| I Am What I Am |
|
18 | 77 | 11 | — |
| Working in Tennessee |
|
30 | 155 | 25 | — |
| Django & Jimmie (with Willie Nelson) |
|
1 | 7 | — | 16 |
| Timeless (with Mac Wiseman) |
|
— | — | — | — |
Instrumental albums
| Title | Album details | Peak chart position[1] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | ||||
| The Instrumental Sounds of Merle Haggard's Strangers (with the Strangers) |
|
36 | ||
| Introducing My Friends, the Strangers (with the Strangers) |
|
34 | ||
| Getting to Know Merle Haggard's Strangers (with the Strangers) |
|
44 | ||
| Honky Tonkin' (with the Strangers) |
|
34 | ||
| Totally Instrumental with One Exception... (with the Strangers) |
|
23 | ||
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | ||||
Live albums
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions [1] |
Certifications[2] | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | CAN [3] | |||
| Okie from Muskogee (with the Strangers) |
|
1 | 46 | 64 |
|
| The Fightin' Side of Me (with the Strangers and Bonnie Owens) |
|
1 | 68 | — |
|
| The Land of Many Churches (with the Strangers, Bonnie Owens and the Carter Family) |
|
15 | — | — | |
| I Love Dixie Blues (with the Strangers and the Dixieland Express) |
|
1 | 126 | — | |
| Rainbow Stew Live at Anaheim Stadium |
|
20 | — | — | |
| The Epic Collection (Recorded Live) |
|
28 | — | — | |
| Amber Waves of Grain |
|
25 | — | — | |
| Live from Austin, Texas |
|
— | — | — | |
| Live from Austin, Texas '78 |
|
— | — | — | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||
Compilation albums
| Title | Album details | Peak chart positions[1] |
Certifications[2]/ Sales | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | |||
| The Best of Merle Haggard |
|
3 | — |
|
| Close-Up |
|
23 | — | |
| The Best of the Best |
|
1 | 137 |
|
| Songs I'll Always Sing |
|
15 | — | |
| Eleven Winners |
|
9 | — | |
| The Way It Was in '51 |
|
30 | — | |
| Merle Haggard's Greatest Hits |
|
37 | — | |
| His Epic Hits: The First 11 (To Be Continued...) |
|
41 | — |
|
| His Best |
|
38 | — | |
| Walking the Line (with George Jones and Willie Nelson) |
|
39 | — | |
| Greatest Hits of the 80's |
|
— | — | |
| Super Hits |
|
— | — | |
| Super Hits, Vol. 2 |
|
— | — |
|
| Super Hits, Vol. 3 |
|
— | — | |
| Down Every Road 1962–1994 |
|
— | — | |
| 16 Biggest Hits |
|
55 | 167 |
|
| For the Record, 43 Legendary Hits |
|
38 | — |
|
| Cheatin' |
|
— | — | |
| Drinkin' |
|
— | — | |
| Hurtin' |
|
— | — | |
| Prison |
|
— | — | |
| 20 Greatest Hits |
|
— | 75 |
|
| 40 #1's |
|
60 | — | |
| 40 Greatest Hits, Vol. 1 (Rerecorded) |
|
— | 88 | |
| The Essential Merle Haggard: The Epic Years |
|
— | 139 | |
| Hag: The Best of Merle Haggard |
|
59 | — | |
| 10 Great Songs |
|
75 | — | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | ||||
Other appearances
| Year | Song | Album |
|---|---|---|
| 2015 | “The Cost of Living” (with Don Henley) | Cass County (album) |
| 2017 | “The Only Man Wilder Than Me” (with Willie Nelson) | Music from The American Epic Sessions: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack |
| “Old Fashioned Love” (with Willie Nelson) |
Production
| Year | Album | Artist |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | Introducing Amy Jack[5] | Amy Jack |
Singles
1960s
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions[6] |
Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | CAN Country | |||
| 1962 | "Singin' My Heart Out" | — | — | Non-album single |
| 1963 | "Sing a Sad Song" | 19 | — | Strangers |
| 1964 | "Sam Hill" | 45 | — | |
| "(My Friends Are Gonna Be) Strangers" | 10 | — | ||
| 1965 | "I'm Gonna Break Every Heart I Can" | 42 | — | |
| 1966 | "Swinging Doors" (with the Strangers) | 5 | — | Swinging Doors |
| "The Bottle Let Me Down" (with the Strangers) | 3 | — | ||
| "I'm a Lonesome Fugitive" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | I'm a Lonesome Fugitive | |
| 1967 | "I Threw Away the Rose" (with the Strangers) | 2 | — | Branded Man |
| "Branded Man" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | ||
| "Sing Me Back Home" (with the Strangers) | 1 | 7 | Sing Me Back Home | |
| 1968 | "The Legend of Bonnie and Clyde" (with the Strangers) | 1 | 3 | The Legend of Bonnie & Clyde |
| "Mama Tried" (with the Strangers) | 1 | 1 | Mama Tried | |
| "I Take a Lot of Pride in What I Am" (with the Strangers) | 3 | 1 | Pride in What I Am | |
| 1969 | "Hungry Eyes" (with the Strangers) | 1 | 2 | A Portrait of Merle Haggard |
| "Workin' Man Blues" (with the Strangers) | 1 | 1 | ||
| "Okie from Muskogee"[A] (with the Strangers) | 1 | 3 | Okie from Muskogee | |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | ||||
1970s
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions[6] | Album | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | CAN Country | CAN | |||
| 1970 | "The Fightin' Side of Me" (with The Strangers) | 1 | 92 | 1 | — | The Fightin' Side of Me |
| "Jesus, Take a Hold" (with the Strangers) | 3 | 107 | 3 | — | Hag | |
| "I Can't Be Myself" (with the Strangers) | 3 | 106 | 2 | — | ||
| 1971 | "Soldier's Last Letter" (with the Strangers) | 3 | 90 | — | ||
| "Someday We'll Look Back" (with the Strangers) | 2 | 119 | 2 | — | Someday We'll Look Back | |
| "Daddy Frank (The Guitar Man)" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 2 | — | Let Me Tell You About a Song | |
| "Carolyn" (with the Strangers) | 1 | 58 | 2 | — | Someday We'll Look Back | |
| 1972 | "Grandma Harp" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 5 | — | Let Me Tell You About a Song |
| "It's Not Love (But It's Not Bad)" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 1 | — | It's Not Love (But It's Not Bad) | |
| "I Wonder If They Ever Think of Me" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 1 | — | I Love Dixie Blues | |
| 1973 | "The Emptiest Arms in the World" (with the Strangers) | 3 | — | 12 | — | |
| "Everybody's Had the Blues" (with the Strangers) | 1 | 62 | 1 | — | ||
| "If We Make It Through December"[B] (with the Strangers) | 1 | 28 | 1 | 30 | If We Make It Through December | |
| 1974 | "Things Aren't Funny Anymore" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 2 | — | Merle Haggard Presents His 30th Album |
| "Old Man from the Mountain" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 1 | — | ||
| "Kentucky Gambler" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 1 | — | Keep Movin' On | |
| "Santa Claus and Popcorn" | — | — | — | — | Merle Haggard's Christmas Present (Something Old, Something New) | |
| 1975 | "Always Wanting You" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 3 | — | Keep Movin' On |
| "Movin' On" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 15 | — | ||
| "It's All in the Movies" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 11 | — | It's All in the Movies | |
| 1976 | "The Roots of My Raising" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 7 | — | The Roots of My Raising |
| "Here Comes the Freedom Train" (with the Strangers) | 10 | — | 1 | — | My Love Affair with Trains | |
| "Cherokee Maiden" (with the Strangers) | 1 | — | 1 | — | The Roots of My Raising | |
| 1977 | "If We're Not Back in Love by Monday" | 2 | — | 2 | — | Ramblin' Fever |
| "Ramblin' Fever" | 2 | — | 3 | — | ||
| "A Working Man Can't Get Nowhere Today" (with the Strangers) | 16 | — | 8 | — | A Working Man Can't Get Nowhere Today | |
| "From Graceland to the Promised Land" | 4 | 58 | 3 | 55 | My Farewell to Elvis | |
| "Running Kind" (with the Strangers) | 12 | — | 10 | — | A Working Man Can't Get Nowhere Today | |
| 1978 | "I'm Always on a Mountain When I Fall" | 2 | — | 2 | — | I'm Always on a Mountain When I Fall |
| "It's Been a Great Afternoon" | 2 | — | 1 | — | ||
| "The Way It Was in '51" (with the Strangers) | 82 | — | 58 | — | The Way It Was in '51 | |
| "The Bull and The Beaver" (with Leona Williams) | 8 | — | 25 | — | Non-album single | |
| 1979 | "Red Bandana" | 4 | — | 2 | — | Serving 190 Proof |
| "My Own Kind of Hat" | 4 | — | 4 | — | ||
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | ||||||
1980s—2010s
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions[6] |
Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | CAN Country | |||
| 1980 | "The Way I Am" | 2 | 1 | The Way I Am |
| "Bar Room Buddies" (with Clint Eastwood) | 1 | 1 | Bronco Billy (soundtrack) | |
| "Misery and Gin" | 3 | 4 | Back to the Barrooms | |
| "I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink" | 1 | 29 | ||
| 1981 | "Leonard" | 9 | 7 | |
| "Rainbow Stew" (live) | 4 | 17 | Rainbow Stew | |
| "My Favorite Memory" | 1 | 3 | Big City | |
| 1982 | "Big City" | 1 | 1 | |
| "Dealing with the Devil" (live) | 49 | — | Rainbow Stew | |
| "Are the Good Times Really Over (I Wish a Buck Was Still Silver)" |
2 | 1 | Big City | |
| "Going Where the Lonely Go" | 1 | 1 | Going Where the Lonely Go | |
| 1983 | "You Take Me for Granted" | 1 | 9 | |
| "What Am I Gonna Do (With the Rest of My Life)" | 3 | 2 | That's the Way Love Goes | |
| "It's All in the Game" | 54 | — | It's All in the Game | |
| "That's the Way Love Goes" | 1 | 1 | That's the Way Love Goes | |
| 1984 | "Someday When Things Are Good" | 1 | 1 | His Epic Hits: The First 11 (To Be Continued...) |
| "Let's Chase Each Other Around the Room" | 1 | 9 | It's All in the Game | |
| "A Place to Fall Apart" (featuring Janie Fricke) | 1 | 1 | ||
| 1985 | "Natural High" | 1 | 2 | |
| "Make-Up and Faded Blue Jeans" | 55 | 49 | His Best | |
| "Kern River" | 10 | 10 | Kern River | |
| "Amber Waves of Grain" | 36 | 38 | Amber Waves of Grain | |
| "American Waltz" | 60 | 41 | ||
| 1986 | "I Had a Beautiful Time" | 5 | 4 | A Friend in California |
| "A Friend in California" | 9 | 12 | ||
| "Out Among the Stars" | 21 | 22 | Out Among the Stars | |
| 1987 | "Almost Persuaded" | 58 | 54 | |
| "Twinkle, Twinkle Lucky Star" | 1 | 1 | Chill Factor | |
| 1988 | "Chill Factor" | 9 | 12 | |
| "We Never Touch at All" | 22 | * | ||
| "You Babe" | 23 | * | ||
| 1989 | "5:01 Blues" | 18 | 14 | 5:01 Blues |
| "A Better Love Next Time" | 4 | 10 | ||
| "If You Want to Be My Woman" | 23 | 15 | ||
| 1990 | "Broken Friend" | —[C] | 78 | |
| "When It Rains It Pours" | 60 | — | Blue Jungle | |
| "Blue Jungle"[7] | — | — | ||
| 1991 | "A Bar in Bakersfield"[8] | — | — | |
| 1994 | "In My Next Life" | 58 | — | 1994 |
| 1996 | "Truck Driver's Blues"[9] | — | — | 1996 |
| 1999 | "That's the Way Love Goes" (re-recording with Jewel) | 56 | 71 | For the Record, 43 Legendary Hits |
| 2000 | "Motorcycle Cowboy"[10] (live) | — | — | Live at Billy Bob's Texas: Motorcycle Cowboy |
| 2001 | "If You've Got the Money (I've Got the Time)" | — | — | Roots, Volume 1 |
| 2011 | "Working in Tennessee" | — | — | Working in Tennessee |
| 2016 | "Kern River Blues" | — | — | Non-album single |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart * denotes unknown peak positions | ||||
Other singles
Singles from collaboration albums
| Year | Single | Artist | Peak chart positions | Album | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US AC | CAN Country | ||||
| 1964 | "Just Between the Two of Us" (with The Strangers) | Bonnie Owens | 28 | — | — | Just Between the Two of Us with The Strangers |
| 1982 | "Yesterday's Wine" | George Jones | 1 | — | 5 | A Taste of Yesterday's Wine |
| "C.C. Waterback" | 10 | — | 18 | |||
| "Reasons to Quit" | Willie Nelson | 6 | — | 7 | Pancho & Lefty | |
| 1983 | "Pancho and Lefty" | 1 | 21 | 1 | ||
| "We're Strangers Again" | Leona Williams | 42 | — | — | Heart to Heart | |
| 1987 | "If I Could Only Fly" | Willie Nelson | 58 | — | 50 | Seashores of Old Mexico |
| 2000 | "Wreck on the Highway" | Chester Smith | — | — | — | California Blend |
| 2015 | "It's All Going to Pot" | Willie Nelson | 48 | — | — | Django & Jimmie |
| — denotes releases that did not chart. | ||||||
Guest singles
| Year | Single | Artist | Peak chart positions |
Album | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | CAN Country | ||||
| 1978 | "Willie" | Hank Cochran | 91 | — | With a Little Help from My Friends |
| 1979 | "Walking the Floor Over You" | Ernest Tubb | 31 | 18 | The Legend and the Legacy |
| 1981 | "I Can't Hold Myself in Line" | Johnny Paycheck | 41 | 41 | Mr. Hag Told My Story |
| "Lefty" | David Frizzell | 45 | — | Carryin' on the Family Names | |
| 1998 | "Same Old Train" | Various artists | 59 | — | Tribute to Tradition |
| 2005 | "Politically Uncorrect" | Gretchen Wilson | 23 | * | All Jacked Up |
| 2013 | "I Think I'll Just Stay Here and Drink" | Hank Williams, Jr. | — | * | Old School New Rules |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart * denotes unknown peak positions | |||||
Charted B-sides
| Year | Single | Peak chart positions | A-Side | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| US Country | US | CAN Country | |||
| 1966 | "Someone Told My Story" (with The Strangers) | 32 | — | — | "The Fugitive" (with The Strangers) |
| 1970 | "Sidewalks of Chicago" (with The Strangers) | flip | flip | — | "I Can't Be Myself" (with The Strangers) |
| 1972 | "Turnin' Off a Memory" (with The Strangers) | flip | — | — | "Grandma Harp" (with The Strangers) |
| 1976 | "What Have You Got Planned Tonight Diana" (with The Strangers) | flip | — | — | "Cherokee Maiden" (with The Strangers) |
| 1977 | "When My Blue Moon Turns to Gold Again" | flip | — | — | "Ramblin' Fever" |
| 1978 | "Making Believe" (with The Strangers) | flip | — | — | "Running Kind" (with The Strangers) |
| "Love Me When You Can" | flip | — | — | "It's Been a Great Afternoon" | |
| 1979 | "I Must Have Done Something Bad" | flip | — | — | "Red Bandana" |
| "Heaven Was a Drink of Wine" | flip | — | — | "My Own Kind of Hat" | |
| 1981 | "Our Paths May Never Cross" | — | — | 55 | "Leonard" |
| "—" denotes releases that did not chart | |||||
Music videos
| Year | Video | Director |
|---|---|---|
| 1982 | "Are the Good Times Really Over" (live) | |
| 1983 | "Pancho and Lefty" (with Willie Nelson) | Lana Nelson |
| 1985 | "Natural High" | |
| "Kern River" | ||
| 1990 | "Me and Crippled Soldiers" | Tom Hartman |
| 2000 | "Motorcycle Cowboy" | David Abbott |
| "(Think About A) Lullaby" | Piper Ferguson | |
| 2001 | "If You've Got the Money, I've Got the Time" | Bobby G. |
| 2003 | "Farmer's Blues" (with Marty Stuart) | Deb Haus |
| 2004 | "That's the News" | |
| 2005 | "America First" | Traci Goudie |
| 2006 | "Politically Uncorrect" (with Gretchen Wilson) | Deaton Flanigen |
| 2015 | It's All Going to Pot" (with Willie Nelson) | |
| "Alice in Hulaland" (with Willie Nelson)[11] | Micah Nelson |
Notes
References
- allmusic ((( Merle Haggard > Charts & Awards > Billboard Albums )))
- RIAA Gold and Platinum Search for albums by Merle Haggard
- "Merle Haggard Album & Song Chart History - Canadian Albums". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved May 17, 2016.
- Bjorke, Matt (October 9, 2019). "Top Country Catalog Album Sales: October 9, 2019". RoughStock. Retrieved October 15, 2019.
- Block, Donna (2020-03-25). "Amy Jack Releases Debut Album — Produced By Late Merle Haggard". Medium. Retrieved 2020-05-05.
- allmusic ((( Merle Haggard > Charts & Awards > Billboard Singles )))
- "Single Reviews" (PDF). Billboard. December 1, 1990.
- "Single Reviews" (PDF). Billboard. February 2, 1991.
- "Single Reviews" (PDF). Billboard. May 18, 1996.
- Jessen, Wade (April 22, 2000). "Country Corner". Billboard: 41.
- "CMT : Videos : Willie Nelson and Merle Haggard : Alice in Hulaland". Country Music Television. Retrieved June 28, 2015.
- "Hot Country Radio Breakouts" (PDF). Billboard. April 21, 1990.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.