Medstead

Medstead is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. Its nearest town is Alton, which lies 4.3 miles (6.9 km) northeast of the village. According to the 2011 census, the village had a population of 2,036 people. The parish covers an area of 1,536 acres (622 ha) and has an average elevation of approximately 600 feet (180 m) above sea level. One of the county's high points at 716 feet (218 m), King's Hill, runs through Medstead and Bentworth.

Medstead
Medstead village centre
Medstead Location within Hampshire
Population	2,036 (2011 Census)[1]
OS grid reference	SU654371
Civil parish	Medstead
District	East Hampshire
Shire county	Hampshire
Region	South East
Country	England
Sovereign state	United Kingdom
Post town	ALTON
Postcode district	GU34
Dialling code	01420
Police	Hampshire
Fire	Hampshire
Ambulance	South Central
UK Parliament	East Hampshire

The earliest evidence of settlement in the village comes from two Tumuli burial grounds which date from 1000 BC. Roman pottery and coins have also been found in the area. A chapel in the village was first mentioned in the Domesday Survey of 1086 and was soon replaced by a Norman church. Medstead was one of the first villages in the United Kingdom to receive broadband. The village has six Grade II listed buildings, including the 12th century St Andrew's Church and its war memorial, a farmhouse and a Victorian wheelhouse with a working donkey wheel.

The parish contains three individual hamlets; South Town, Soldridge and Hattingley. Medstead also has its own restored railway station on the Watercress Line, services from which connect with the nearest national rail station 4.6 miles (7.4 km) at Alton railway station.

History

Ancient to Roman

Medstead has a history dating back up to 3,000 years. The earliest evidence of settlement in the area comes from two Tumuli burial grounds which are believed to date from 1000 BC, as well as a ringfort which dates from approximately 500 BC.[2][3] Roman pottery and coins have also been found in the village.[4] The name has been spelt in many different ways in the Middle Ages, including: Maedstede, Maydstede, and Midsted. A theory for the name is that "Mid-Stead" signified a "half way place", as in feudal times the village was on a road from Farnham to Winchester.[5] Following the baptism of Cynegils of Wessex in 635, an area of land was granted to the church at Winchester. The area became known as the "Liberty of Alresford" and contained parts of present-day Old Alresford, New Alresford and Medstead.[5] The first mention of the village itself came from the Domesday Survey of 1086, in which the survey listed a chapel.[3][6] In 1160, St Andrew's Church was built on the existing site of the chapel and some parts of the original chapel were enlarged.[3][6]

14th century to Georgian

A map showing the extent of Medstead's parish in 1881.

Medstead Manor can be traced from the 14th century. In 1316, the Bishop of Winchester held the manor of Medstead and all adjacent land until 1346 when ownership was transferred. Seven years later, Martin de Hertham and his wife, Isabel, passed control of lands, rents and taxes in Medstead to William de Overton.[7] He was followed by his son, also named William, who held lands in Medstead as well as a settlement called "Tadelyng" in 1428.[7]

By the 18th century, Edward Rookes held Medstead Manor, although it is uncertain if he purchased or inherited it. In 1749, Rookes sold the manor to Sir William Jolliffe for £1400 (equivalent to £223,790 in 2019), after which the manor of Medstead disappeared from records.[7]

In 1852, The British Gazetteer described Medstead as:

Medstead, Hants, a parish in the hundred of Fawley, union of Alton, Fawley division of the county 49 miles from London (coach road 51), 4 from Alton, 6 from Alresford. South Western Rail, through Guildford to Alton, thence 4 miles: from Derby, through London, etc., 181 miles. Money orders issued at Alton: London letters delivered 8 a.m.: post closes 6 1/2 p.m. In the church there are some old Norman pillars of beautiful workmanship, and in an excellent state of preservation.The living (St. Andrew) is a rectory, annexed to that of Old Alresford, in the diocese of Winchester: present net income, £580: patron, Bishop of Winchester: present incumbent, Earl of Guildford, 1797: contains 2,530 acres: 78 houses: population in 1841, 450: ass' prop' £2,402: poor rates in 1848, £314.[5][8]

Victorian to present day

An underground bunker for the Royal Observer Corps was built in the village in 1963 and was continuously used until its closure in 1968.[5][9] Medstead's railway station was first opened in August 1868.[10] The 1881 census for the Alton Union Workhouse included three paupers born in Medstead (then named 'Medsted'), including an 86 year old widow labourer, a 63 year old 'disability lunatic' who served as a domestic servant and a 26 year old 'disability idiot'.[5] Medstead's parish boundary was altered in 1973 after the ecclesiastical parish of Four Marks was created.[5]

Medstead received broadband internet in 2003, becoming one of the first villages in the United Kingdom to be connected. In 2018, Medstead's upgrade to Superfast broadband was completed as part of a county-wide initiative.[6][11]

Transport

Medstead and Four Marks railway station from the east.

Medstead's railway station was first opened in August 1868 and was renamed to Medstead and Four Marks railway station on 1 October 1937.[10] Having closed in 1973, the station was restored and re-opened in May 1983, following the reopening of the associated Watercress Line from New Alresford to Ropley having re-opened six years earlier in 1977; the decision was taken by Mid Hants Railway to restore the entire railway so that it could run its course to the town of Alton. Around 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of second hand track panels were purchased from Eastleigh for the Medstead and Four Marks section. The surviving buildings at the railway station were dilapidated, with one writer from a magazine suggesting they be demolished and replaced by a bus shelter. As the track was relaid at the station, a replacement wooden signal box was obtained from Wilton and placed into position near the track.[12]

Geography

Medstead is located in the eastern central part of Hampshire in South East England, 4.3 miles (6.9 km) southwest of Alton, its nearest town.[13] The parish covers an area of 1,536 acres (622 ha) and has an average elevation of approximately 600 feet (180 m) above sea level.[3] Before parts of the parish were ceded to Four Marks in 1973,[5] Medstead's parish contained 2,484 acres (1,005 ha) and its highest point was 697 feet (212 m).[7] The landscape is dominated by farms and woodland such as Medstead Grange, Imber Farm and Bushy Leaze Wood.[13] The parish contains three individual hamlets: South Town, Soldridge and Hattingley. One of the Hampshire's high points at 716 feet (218 m), King's Hill, runs through Medstead and Bentworth.[13]

Climate

Due to its location in south central England and its proximity to the sea, the average maximum temperature in January is 7.2 °C (45 °F) with the average minimum being 1.6 °C (35 °F). The average maximum temperature in July is 21.9 °C (71 °F), with the average minimum being 12.5 °C (55 °F). The village gets around 755 millimetres (29.7 in) of rain a year, with a minimum of 1 mm (0.04 in) of rain reported on 103 days a year.[14]

Climate data for Odiham weather station (nearest to Medstead), Odiham, elevation: 9 metres (30 feet) (1981–2010)
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec	Year
Record high °C (°F)	14.8 (58.6)	16.4 (61.5)	20.8 (69.4)	27.1 (80.8)	28.2 (82.8)	33.5 (92.3)	35.6 (96.1)	36.1 (97.0)	29.6 (85.3)	24.2 (75.6)	17.7 (63.9)	14.4 (57.9)	36.1 (97.0)
Mean maximum °C (°F)	12.3 (54.1)	12.8 (55.0)	15.4 (59.7)	20.7 (69.3)	23.5 (74.3)	27.8 (82.0)	29.2 (84.6)	28.5 (83.3)	25.0 (77.0)	18.3 (64.9)	14.2 (57.6)	12.5 (54.5)	31.1 (88.0)
Average high °C (°F)	7.2 (45.0)	7.4 (45.3)	10.3 (50.5)	14.5 (58.1)	18.6 (65.5)	21.5 (70.7)	24.2 (75.6)	23.6 (74.5)	20.5 (68.9)	13.9 (57.0)	10.3 (50.5)	7.4 (45.3)	15.0 (58.9)
Average low °C (°F)	1.6 (34.9)	1.3 (34.3)	2.0 (35.6)	6.4 (43.5)	9.7 (49.5)	10.4 (50.7)	12.7 (54.9)	12.2 (54.0)	9.9 (49.8)	5.1 (41.2)	4.2 (39.6)	1.8 (35.2)	6.4 (43.6)
Mean minimum °C (°F)	−6.2 (20.8)	−5.4 (22.3)	−2.3 (27.9)	0.4 (32.7)	4.2 (39.6)	6.0 (42.8)	8.6 (47.5)	6.7 (44.1)	2.5 (36.5)	−0.4 (31.3)	−1.4 (29.5)	−5.7 (21.7)	−8.1 (17.4)
Record low °C (°F)	−15.2 (4.6)	−15.9 (3.4)	−11.2 (11.8)	−5.6 (21.9)	−2.3 (27.9)	1.3 (34.3)	5.3 (41.5)	2.4 (36.3)	−1.3 (29.7)	−5.3 (22.5)	−7.2 (19.0)	−13.4 (7.9)	−15.9 (3.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)	77.8 (3.06)	56.0 (2.20)	54.8 (2.16)	52.6 (2.07)	52.2 (2.06)	48.5 (1.91)	50.2 (1.98)	52.1 (2.05)	61.8 (2.43)	87.2 (3.43)	83.9 (3.30)	78.5 (3.09)	755.5 (29.74)
Average precipitation days	12.2	9.8	10.5	9.5	9.5	8.6	8.4	8.6	8.9	11.7	11.7	11.5	120.9
Source: Met Office[14]

Demographics

According to the 2011 census, the parish of Medstead had a population of 2,036 people, of which 36.10% were in full-time employment and 13.30% in part-time employment, both slightly below the national average. There are 859 dwellings in the parish[15] with an average size of 2.52 people.[16]

Population growth in the parish of Medstead since 1801

Year Population ±% 1801 393 —     1811 350 −10.9% 1821 394 +12.6% 1831 418 +6.1%	Year Population ±% 1841 450 +7.7% 1851 482 +7.1% 1881 503 +4.4% 1891 451 −10.3%	Year Population ±% 1901 488 +8.2% 1911 655 +34.2% 1921 776 +18.5% 1931 1,088 +40.2%	Year Population ±% 1951 1,318 +21.1% 1961 1,383 +4.9% 2001 1,881 +36.0% 2011 2,036 +8.2%
Source: A Vision of Britain through Time, statistics.gov.uk (2001), and statistics.gov.uk (2011)

The 2011 census reported an almost equal number of males (1016, 49.9%) as females (1020, 50.1%), of which the majority (1988, 97.6%) were white ethnicity, broadly similar to the ethnical diversity of the wider Hampshire region, where 111,635 (96.56%) are registered on the 2011 census as being white ethnicity.[17]

Education and activities

Medstead Church of England Primary School lies immediately south of the village near the cemetery.[18] Under the Education Act 1944, the previous site of Medstead's school was declared inadequate as it did not have enough space to accommodate a playing field and assembly hall. The school was consequently relocated to a larger site south of the village, where it is today.[13][19] A pre-school has been in operation since September 1989, located in the grounds of the primary school after a successful petition ensured its relocation from the village hall.[20]

The village hall is used for various activities, including hosting the village's gardening and lawn tennis clubs.[21] In addition, Medstead has its own cricket club which has been in operation for over 150 years[22] and a Bowls Club occupying a 40 square metres (430 sq ft) playing field which houses eight rinks.[23] The main village hall was first built in the 1970s and has a capacity of 200 people; 150 people can be accommodated seated around tables or 120 for formal occasions. A separate small hall can accommodate 50 people with en suite kitchen and a separate bar area.[24]

Governance

The village falls under the East Hampshire parliament constituency, represented in the House of Commons by Conservative MP Damian Hinds since 2010.[25] In County Council elections, Hampshire is divided into 75 electoral divisions that return a total of 78 councillors;[26] Medstead, along with Bentworth, is in Alton Rural Electoral Division.[27] In district council elections, East Hampshire is divided into 38 electoral wards that return a total of 44 councillors; Medstead is in Downland Electoral Ward, together with Four Marks.[28]

Landmarks

St Andrew's Church from the south side.

A chapel in the village was first mentioned in the Domesday Survey in 1086. The Norman church of St Andrew was first constructed in 1160 after the previous chapel was demolished.[29] The church has flint walls whereas its chancel has cemented walls, along with windows dating from the 14th century. The church was restored in the 19th century, along with a nave extension and the addition of a new chancel arch.[29] The churchyard has a Grade II listed war memorial which is dedicated to fallen soldiers of the First World War. The memorial is made out of Cornish granite and features a Celtic cross with a crusader's sword sculpted in its centre; it was unveiled on 17 October 1920 by Admiral Jervoise and dedicated by the rector of St Andrew's Church.[30]

Medstead contains a total of six Grade II listed buildings.[31] Southdown Old Farmhouse is a small manor which dates from the 18th century and has undergone 20th century restorations and extensions; the manor was designated as a listed building on 31 May 1985.[32] Another Grade II listed building is a Victorian wheelhouse with a donkey wheel which lies immediately southwest of Southdown Old Farmhouse. The wheelhouse was built in the early 19th century and consists of weatherboarded timber frames on brick plinths. The donkey wheel is in working order and is made of a large timber axle with a rope hanging over a well.[33]

References

1. "Civil Parish population 2011". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. Retrieved 28 December 2016.
2. "Medstead and Four Marks Neighbourhood Plan" (PDF). East Hampshire District Council. 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 10 October 2016. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
3. "Hampshire Treasures: Volume 6 ( East Hampshire), Page 223". Hampshire County Council. 25 December 2014. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
4. "Hampshire Treasures – Volume 6". Hampshire County Council. p. 225. Archived from the original on 25 December 2014. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
5. "History of Medstead Village". medstead.org. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
6. "Medstead Historical Timeline". medstead.org. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
7. Page, William. "History of Medstead". British History Online. pp. 327–329. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
8. Clarke, Benjamin (1852). The British Gazetteer, Political, Commercial, Ecclesiastical and Historical. H.G. Collins. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
9. "Mark Reed's Royal Observer Crops Bunker Visits". Mark Reed. Archived from the original on 22 April 2005. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
10. "Old Hampshire Gazetter: Medstead and Four Marks Station, Medstead". Hampshire Gazetteer. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
11. "Medstead Village introduction". medstead.org. Retrieved 1 February 2017.
12. "Ropley to Medstead & Four Marks: 30 years on... « Mid Hants Railway Ltd 'Watercress Line'". Watercress Line. Retrieved 6 October 2016.
13. Map of Medstead and the surrounding area (Map). OpenStreetMap. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
14. "Medstead 1981–2010 averages". Station, District and regional averages 1981–2010. Met Office. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
15. "Dwelling Census of Medstead". Neighbourhood Statistics. Office for National Statistics. 14 April 2008. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
16. "Population of Medstead". Hampshire Hub. Archived from the original on 20 August 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
17. Medstead Ethnic Group, 2011, Office for National Statistics, 2011, retrieved 3 January 2017
18. "Contact Details – Medstead CofE (Controlled) Primary School". Medstead C of E Primary School. Hampshire County Council. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
19. "Medstead, The School c.1955". Francis Frirth. Retrieved 28 January 2017.
20. "Medstead Preschool – About Us". Medstead Pre-school & Nursery. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
21. "Medstead Lawn Tennis Club homepage". Medstead Lawn Tennis Club. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
22. "Medstead Cricket Club". Medstead CC. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
23. "Medstead Bowls Club". Bentworth Parish Council. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
24. "Medstead Village Hall (East Hampshire)". Medstead Village Hall. Retrieved 31 January 2017.
25. "Election Data 2015". Electoral Calculus. Archived from the original on 17 October 2015. Retrieved 17 October 2015.
26. "Elections". hants.gov.uk. Hampshire County Council. Retrieved 10 September 2015.
27. "Have your say on new county division boundaries for Hampshire". The Local Government Boundary Commission for England. Archived from the original on 2 February 2017. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
28. "Your Councillors by Ward". easthants.moderngov.co.uk. East Hampshire District Council. Retrieved 30 January 2017.
29. "Church of St Andrew – Medstead". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
30. "War Memorial South East of the Church of St Andrew – Medstead". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
31. "Listed Buildings in Medstead". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
32. "Southdown Old Farmhouse – Medstead". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 1 October 2016.
33. "Wheel House and Donkey Wheel Immediately South West of Southdown Old Farmhouse – Medstead". British Listed Buildings. Retrieved 1 October 2016.

External links

• Medstead Parish Council website
• Medstead Village website – medstead.org
• Stained Glass Windows at St. Andrew, Medstead, Hampshire