Mary Willing Byrd
Mary Willing Byrd (September 10, 1740 – March 1814) was an American planter.
Mary Willing Byrd | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by John Wollaston; original in the collection of the Virginia Historical Society, Richmond | |
| Born | Mary Willing September 10, 1740 |
| Died | March 1814 (aged 73) |
| Spouse(s) | William Byrd III |
| Children | 10, including Charles Willing Byrd |
| Parent(s) | Charles Willing Anne Shippen |
| Relatives | Thomas Willing (brother) Elizabeth Willing Powel (sister) Edward Shippen (great-grandfather) |
She was the second wife of Colonel William Byrd III,[1] a Colonial American military officer at the time of the American Revolution and son of the founder of Richmond, Virginia.[2] Her father, Charles Willing, was the mayor of Philadelphia from 1748 to 1754, and her great-grandfather, Edward Shippen, was the second mayor of Philadelphia, from 1701 to 1703.
Her husband committed suicide in January 1777, leaving considerable debts. She managed his plantations, including Westover Plantation, in Charles City County, in order to satisfy his creditors and still preserve some property for their ten children to inherit. She sold off some western lands, residences in Richmond and Williamsburg, and other property, but she was able to retain control of Westover, the major Byrd plantation in Charles City County.[3]
Although Byrd had many ties to the British and Loyalists during the American Revolution, she tried to remain neutral. After trying to recover property that had been seized by the British, she was charged in 1781 by the state of Virginia with trading with the enemy. Byrd defended herself eloquently in a letter to Governor Thomas Jefferson: "I wish well to all mankind, to America in particular. What am I but an American? All my friends and connexions are in America; my whole property is here—could I wish ill to everything I have an interest in?"[4] Her trial was first postponed and ultimately never held.
In 2007 Byrd was posthumously honored by the Library of Virginia's "Virginia Women in History" program.[3]
Children
Mary Willing Byrd had ten children:
- Maria Horsmanden Byrd
- Evelyn Taylor Byrd
- Charles Willing Byrd (died as child)
- Abby Byrd
- Anne Willing Byrd
- William Boyd Byrd
- Charles Willing Byrd
- Dorothy Byrd (died as child)
- Jane Byrd
- Richard Willing Byrd.
Further reading
- John T. Kneebone et al., eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography (Richmond: Library of Virginia, 1998- ), 2:457-459. ISBN 0-88490-199-8.
- "The Will of Mrs. Mary Willing Byrd, of Westover, 1813, with a List of the Westover Portraits". The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography. 6 (4): 346–358. 1899. JSTOR 4242183.
References
- Royster, Charles (2010). The Fabulous History of the Dismal Swamp Company: A Story of George Washington's Times. Vintage. ISBN 9780307773296. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- Bearss, Sara B. "Mary Willing Byrd (1740–1814)". Encyclopedia Virginia. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- "Virginia Women in History: Mary Willing Byrd (1740-1814), Charles City County, Planter". Library of Virginia. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- Julian P. Boyd et al., eds., The Papers of Thomas Jefferson (1950– ), 4:691.