Martin Schechter

Martin T. Schechter OBC (born December 16, 1951) is a Canadian epidemiologist recognized for contributions to HIV research, prevention and treatments and to addiction research. He is a professor and the former founding director of the School of Population and Public Health in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of British Columbia (UBC). Schechter received his Order of British Columbia in 1994 alongside BC's first Nobel Prize laureate Michael Smith. He now serves as Chief Scientific Officer of the Michael Smith Foundation for Health Research.

For the mathematician, see Martin Schechter (mathematician).
Martin T. Schechter
Born (1951-12-16) December 16, 1951
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
NationalityCanadian
Alma materUniversity of British Columbia
Polytechnic Institute of New York
York University
McMaster University
University of Toronto
Known forHIV/AIDS
AwardsOrder of British Columbia (1994)
National Health Scientist Award in AIDS
Science Council of British Columbia Gold Medal (2002)
Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada (2004)
Scientific career
FieldsEpidemiology
InstitutionsUniversity of British Columbia

Education

Schechter completed his BA in Mathematics at York University (1973), his MA in Mathematics at UBC (1975), his PhD in Mathematics at the Polytechnic Institute of New York (1977), his MD in Medicine at McMaster University (1981) and his MSc in Epidemiology at the University of Toronto (1983).[1]

Contributions to health research

Schechter combines interests in clinical epidemiology and health services research with HIV/AIDS and urban health research including opioid addiction research. He is the author of more than 350 peer-reviewed publications and 530 abstracts and scholarly presentations.[1]

When Schechter first began his work on AIDS research in 1983, there were no reported cases yet in British Columbia and embracing the necessity of an appropriate and humane response to HIV infection was not a popular activity at that time.[2] Airing public service announcements about condoms in movie theatres caused a public and private debate between Schechter and then-Premier of British Columbia Bill Vander Zalm.[3] Had HIV not been such an emerging health crisis, Schechter likely would have continued in the field of breast cancer.[3]

In 1989, he helped organize the Fifth International Conference on AIDS in Montreal as a member of its steering committee. In 1990, he was invited by the World Health Organization to participate on its 10-member Steering Committee on Epidemiology, Forecasting and Surveillance[2] that was monitoring the scale of the AIDS epidemic and advising on prevention programs in the early period of the epidemic.

Schechter co-founded the Canadian HIV Trials Network in 1990 with John Ruedy and Julio Montaner. Under Schechter's leadership as National Director from 1992 to 2014, the Network grew to become a nationwide collaboration of researchers, people living with HIV/AIDS and facilities to investigate treatments, preventions and vaccines for HIV/AIDS.

In 1992, he co-founded the British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS and was its Director of Epidemiology and Public Health from 1992 - 2006. Schechter also co-founded the Canadian Association for HIV Research and served as its inaugural President in 1991.

In 1996, Schechter co-chaired the XI International AIDS Conference in Vancouver which attracted 15,000 delegates from around the world. It was at this global conference that the benefits of triple-therapy HAART were first fully revealed.

In 2004, he co-founded the Canadian Academy of Health Sciences, serving as its first President-Elect from 2004 to 2007 and second President from 2007 to 2009.

Heroin trials

Schechter was the principal investigator and co-authored a study published in the New England Journal of Medicine about the controversial North American Opiate Medication Initiative (NAOMI). The 2005-2008 randomized controlled trial compared the use of diacetylmorphine (heroin) and methadone in people with severe opioid dependence. In the NAOMI study, researchers selected 250 subjects in Vancouver and Montreal with at least five years of heroin addiction and who had twice previously not benefited from addiction treatment including methadone maintenance. Providing injections of medically prescribed heroin in a clinic setting was projected to save about $40,000 per person in lifetime societal costs compared to methadone.[4] The study found those receiving the effective element of heroin were 62 per cent more likely to remain in addiction treatment and 40 per cent less likely to take street drugs and commit crimes to support their habit than those given methadone.[5]

Schechter was also involved as a lead investigator in the follow-up to NAOMI, the Study to Assess Longer-term Opioid Medication Effectiveness (SALOME) funded by Canadian Institutes of Health Research.[6] The SALOME trial established that the licensed analgesic drug, hydromorphone, was as effective as heroin in the treatment of severe opioid dependence, opening another avenue for treatment with injectable medications. In 2013, then Federal Health Minister Rona Ambrose controversially cancelled an approval from Health Canada regarding compassionate use of heroin for some research subjects after they completed the trial. Schechter questioned the value placed on research evidence by the federal government of the day.[7] The BMJ requested and published his commentary Drug users should be able to get heroin from the health system in April 2015.[8][9]

Following a change in the Canadian federal government in 2015, substantive changes were made to Canadian policy regarding the use of diacetylmorphine and hydromorphone, particularly in response to the opioid overdose epidemic. In 2018, the Canadian government amended regulations to make medically prescribed heroin more accessible. Specifically, the new rules allow for administering diacetylmorphine outside of a hospital setting, and let nurse practitioners administer the drug.[10] In 2019, Canada became the first country in the world to approve the use of hydromorphone for severe opioid use disorder based on the results of the SALOME trial.[11]

Recognition
OBC ribbon

References
  1. "Martin T. Schechter". Canadian Academy Health Sciences. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  2. "1994 Recipient: Martin Schechter". Order of British Columbia. Government of British Columbia. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  3. Lee, Garricia (18 Nov 2012). "Research Supplement: The researchers behind the labcoat". The Ubyssey. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  4. Ubelacker, Sheryl (March 12, 2012). "Medically prescribed heroin more cost-effective than methadone, study suggests". The Toronto Star. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  5. Paperny, Anna Mehler (23 Aug 2009). "Quebec's landmark heroin study in jeopardy". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  6. Vallentin, Candice (May 23, 2012). "The Ethics of Addiction Studies". TheTyee.ca. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  7. Adrian Morrow; Andrea Woo (Oct 3, 2013). "Ottawa vetoes prescription heroin treatment for addict". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved 12 April 2014.
  8. Drug users should be able to get heroin from the health system, BMJ 2015;350:h1753
  9. Branswell, Helen (April 14, 2015). "Prescribe heroin to addicts who can't kick habit using detox, methadone: UBC doctor". CTV News.
  10. Duggan, Kyle (March 26, 2018). "Health Canada speeding up access to prescription heroin, methadone". iPolitics.
  11. Rafferty, Baker (May 16, 2019). "Health Canada approves injectable hydromorphone to treat opioid addiction". CBC News.
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