Maria Branwell

Maria Branwell (15 April 1783[1] – 15 September 1821) was the mother of British writers Emily Brontë, Anne Brontë and Charlotte Brontë, and of their brother, Branwell Brontë, who was a poet and painter.

Maria Branwell
Born(1783-04-15)15 April 1783
Died15 September 1821(1821-09-15) (aged 38)
Spouse(s)Patrick Brontë (1777–1861)
ChildrenMaria (b. 23 April 1814, d. 6 May 1825(1825-05-06) (aged 12)
Elizabeth (b. 8 February 1815, d. 15 June 1825(1825-06-15) (aged 11)
Charlotte (b. 21 April 1816, d. 31 March 1855(1855-03-31) (aged 38)
Branwell (b. 26 June 1817, d. 24 September 1848(1848-09-24) (aged 31)
Emily (b. 30 July 1818, d. 19 December 1848(1848-12-19) (aged 30)
Anne (b. 17 January 1820, d. 28 May 1849(1849-05-28) (aged 29)

Early life
Maria Branwell's House, Penzance

Maria Branwell was the eighth child of twelve born to Thomas Branwell and Anne Carne in Penzance, Cornwall,[2] although only five daughters and one son grew to adulthood. Thomas Branwell was a successful merchant and owned many properties throughout the town. The men of the Branwell family took part in the town's public life. Maria's brother, Benjamin, was Mayor in 1809.[2] The family were prominent Methodists. Thomas's sister and two of his daughters married clergymen of Wesleyan leanings: His sister Jane married John Fennell in 1790. His daughter Jane Branwell, married John Kingston (1769 - 1824), in 1800. And Maria married Patrick Brontë in 1812. The first Wesleyan Methodist chapel was built in Penzance in 1814, and the Branwell's played an instrumental part in having this built.

Courtship and marriage
Branwell married Patrick Brontë at St. Oswald's Church, Guiseley.

Maria met Patrick Brontë in 1812 when visiting her aunt Jane and uncle John Fennell in Yorkshire after four family deaths between 1808 and 1812; two of the deaths were her mother's and father's, and aunt Jane was her father's sister. Maria moved to Yorkshire to help her aunt with the household management of a new Methodist training school. John Fennell, a former schoolmaster and Methodist class leader in Penzance and Wellington, Shropshire, was appointed Headmaster of the newly opened Woodhouse Grove School at Rawdon, for the sons of Methodist ministers in 1812. Patrick, during his curacy in Wellington, had known John Fennell in Shropshire's Wesleyan circles. When Fennell was invited to the Yorkshire headship, he needed external examiners for his students and invited Patrick to serve in that capacity at Woodhouse Grove. Maria and Patrick 'loved at first sight' and married within the year. They were married on 29 December 1812 at Guiseley Parish Church by mutual friend Reverend William Morgan, who, on the same day, married Jane and John Fennell's daughter, Jane Branwell Fennell.[3] Befitting the close family that the Branwells were, also married on that day at the same hour were Maria's youngest sister, Charlotte, to her cousin Joseph Branwell at the parish church of Madron in Cornwall.

Later life

Maria and Patrick's first home was Clough House in Hightown. Their first two children, Maria and Elizabeth were born there in 1813 or 1814 and 1815.[4] Their second home was in Thornton, where their remaining children were born: Charlotte (1816), Patrick Branwell (1817), Emily Jane (1818) and Anne (1820).[5] In 1820 the Brontës moved to Haworth. After moving to Haworth, Maria sickened with what may have been uterine or ovarian cancer, or chronic pelvic sepsis and anaemia brought on by the birth of her youngest daughter, Anne.[6] Whatever the cause, Maria died seven and half months later, suffering a long agony; Anne was only twenty months old. Maria was buried on 22 September 1821 at Haworth. William Morgan performed the burial ceremony.[7]

Works

The only work besides letters that Maria wrote was the essay "The Advantages of Poverty, In Religious Concerns." The essay can be found in the book Life and Letters by Clement Shorter.

See also

References
  1. "Chapter 8. People called Branwell." BRONTË TERRITORIES: CORNWALL AND THE UNEXPLORED MATERNAL LEGACY, 1760-1860, Melissa Hardie, 2019. Edward Everett Root; Illustrated edition (30 Nov. 2019), p.134. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  2. "Mrs Brontë | Bronte Parsonage Museum". www.bronte.org.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  3. "West Yorkshire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1512-1812 for Maria Branwell." Guiseley, St Oswald: Marriages 1812, p.122. West Yorkshire Archive Service; Wakefield, Yorkshire, England; Yorkshire Parish Records; New Reference Number: WDP29/3/3. Ancestry.com, 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
  4. Patricia Ingham (2006): The Brontës (Oxford University Press), p. xii.
  5. Glen, Heather. The Cambridge Companion to the Brontës. Cambridge companions to literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.
  6. "Remembering Maria: Mother Of The Brontës". www.annebronte.org. Retrieved 13 August 2020.
  7. "Maria, the wife of Patrick Bronte A.B, Minister of this Church." Haworth, St Michael and All Angels: Burials 1821, No.740, p.93.West Yorkshire, England, Church of England Deaths and Burials, 1813-1985, West Yorkshire Archive Service; Wakefield, Yorkshire, England. Ancestry.com, 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2020.
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