Mactridae

Mactridae, common name the trough shells or duck clams, is a family of saltwater clams, marine bivalve mollusks in the order Venerida.

Mactridae
Temporal range: Cretaceous to Present
Shell of Spisula solida
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Bivalvia
Subclass: Heterodonta
Order: Venerida
Superfamily: Mactroidea
Family: Mactridae
Lamarck, 1809
Genera

See text.

Description

These clams have two short siphons, each with a horny sheath. The shell is shaped like a rounded-cornered equilateral triangle and there is a slight gape at the posterior. Each valve bears two cardinal teeth with four lateral teeth on the right valve and two on the left. The foot is white and wedge-shaped. They mostly inhabit the neritic zone.[1]

Ecology

Trough shells burrow in sand or fine gravel and never in muddy substrates.[1]

Genera
Mactra stultorum
Lutraria lutraria

According to the World Register of Marine Species (2012), this family contains 37 genera:[2]

  • Anatina Schumacher, 1817[3]
  • Austromactra Iredale, 1930
  • Barymactra Cossmann in Cossmann & Peyrot, 1909
  • Coelomactra Dall, 1895
  • Crassula Marwick, 1948
  • Cyclomactra Dall, 1895[4]
  • Darina Gray, 1853
  • Diaphoromactra Iredale, 1930
  • Eastonia Gray, 1853
  • Harvella Gray, 1853
  • Heterocardia Deshayes, 1855
  • Leptospisula Dall, 1895
  • Lutraria Lamarck, 1799[3]
  • Mactra Linnaeus, 1767[3]
  • Mactrellona Marks, 1915[3]
  • Mactrinula Gray, 1853[5]
  • Mactromeris Conrad, 1868[3]
  • Mactrotoma Dall, 1894[3]
  • Maorimactra Finlay, 1928
  • Meropesta Iredale, 1929
  • Mulinia Gray, 1837[3]
  • Oxyperas Mörch, 1853
  • Pseudocardium Gabb, 1866
  • Raeta Gray, 1853[3]
  • Rangia Desmoulins, 1832[3]
  • Resania Gray, 1853
  • Scalpomactra Finlay [in Marwick], 1928
  • Scissodesma Gray, 1837
  • Simomactra Dall, 1894[3]
  • Spisula Gray, 1837[3]
  • Standella Gray, 1853
  • Tanysiphon Benson, 1858
  • Tresus Gray, 1853[3]
  • Trinitasia Maury, 1928
  • Tumbeziconcha Pilsbry & Olsson, 1935
  • Zenatia Gray, 1853
  • Zenatina Gill & Darragh, 1963

References
  1. Barrett, J. H.; Yonge, C. M. (1958). Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore. London (UK): Collins. p. 156.
  2. Bouchet, Philippe (2012-03-23). "Mactride Lamarck, 1809". WoRMS. World Register of Marine Species. Retrieved 2017-01-25.
  3. Scott, Paul V. "Mactridae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
  4. Kong, Lingfeng; Li, Qi; Qiu, Zhaoxing (2007). "Genetic and morphological differentiation in the clam Coelomactra antiquata (Bivalvia: Veneroida) along the coast of China". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 343: 110–117. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2006.12.003.
  5. Coan, E. V.; Valentich-Scott, P. (2012). Bivalve seashells of tropical West America. Marine bivalve mollusks from Baja California to northern Peru. pp. 2 vols, 1258 pp.


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