Macracanthorhynchus

Macracanthorhynchus, also known as the Giant Thorny-Headed Worm of Swine, is a member of the Oligacanthorhynchidae which contains many species. One species, M. hirudinaceus, is a parasite which lives in the intestines of pigs and other suids, and very occasionally in humans or dogs. It causes enteritis, gastritis or peritonitis. Its life cycle includes beetles of the genus Melolontha as intermediate hosts. This species has many synonyms which include: Echinorhynchus gigas (Block, 1782), Macracanthorhynchus gigas (Block, 1782),[1] Echinorhynchus hirundinacea (Palas, 1781), Gigantorhynchus hirundinaceus (Pallas, 1781), Gigantorhynchus gigas (Block, 1782),[2] Hormorhynchus gigas (Block, 1782), Taenia haeruca (Pallas, 1776), and Taenia hirundinaceus (Pallas, 1781)[3] The complete mitochondrial genome of M. hirudinaceus has been sequenced.[4] The eggs have 4 membranes are 98 um long and have an elongation ratio of 1.85.[5]

Macracanthorhynchus
Adult Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Acanthocephala
Class: Archiacanthocephala
Order: Oligacanthorhynchida
Family: Oligacanthorhynchidae
Genus: Macracanthorhynchus
Trevassos, 1917
Species
  • M. catulinus Kostylev, 1927
  • M. erinacei Dollfus, 1953
  • M. hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781)
  • M. ingens (Linstow, 1879)

Another species, M ingens, has eggs which have 3 membranes are 94 um long and have an elongation ratio of 1.66.[5] It parasitizes the Raccoon (Procyon lotor) in the United States.[6]

References
  1. "Acanthocephala". Archived from the original on 2010-08-04. Retrieved 2019-12-24.
  2. Zoonosis y Enfermedades Transmisibles Comunes al Hombre y a los Animales: Parasitosis, Pan American Health Org. 3 edition (31 Dec 2003) ISBN 978-92-75-31993-2
  3. ITIS - Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus
  4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/15792
  5. Pfenning, A. C. (2017). Egg morphology, dispersal, and transmission in acanthocephalan parasites: integrating phylogenetic and ecological approaches.Url=https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1273&context=csh_etd
  6. Amin, O.M.; Sharifdini, M.; Heckmann, R.A.; Zarean, M. (2020). "New perspectives on Nephridiacanthus major (Acanthocephala: Oligacanthorhynchidae) collected from hedgehogs in Iran". Journal of Helminthology. 94: e133. doi:10.1017/S0022149X20000073. PMID 32114988.
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