Lupu Bridge

The Lupu Bridge (simplified Chinese: 卢浦大桥; traditional Chinese: 盧浦大橋; pinyin: Lúpǔ Dàqiáo), named after Luwan District, is a through arch bridge over the Huangpu River in Shanghai, China, connecting the city's Huangpu and Pudong districts. It is the world's second longest steel arch bridge, after the Chaotianmen Bridge in Chongqing. The bridge has a total length including approach spans of 3,900 m (12,795 ft) and opened on June 28, 2003. The main bridge structure is 750m long including the two side spans of 100m each,[8] and the main span of 550 metres (1,804 ft)[2] over the Huangpu River is 32 metres (105 ft) longer than the previous record holder for the longest arch bridge, the New River Gorge Bridge in Fayetteville, West Virginia.[5] It cost 2.5 billion yuan (US$302 million),[5][2] including US$78.04 for the main steel structure alone.[8] It is located adjacent to the former Expo 2010 site and served as the centrepiece of the world exposition in Shanghai.

Lupu Bridge 卢浦大桥
Coordinates	31°11′26″N 121°28′33″E
Carries	6 lanes of North–South Elevated Road, 2 pedestrian walkways[1]
Crosses	Huangpu River
Locale	Shanghai,  People's Republic of China
Owner	Shanghai Lupu Bridge Investment Development Co., Ltd.[1]
Preceded by	Xupu Bridge
Followed by	Nanpu Bridge
Characteristics
Design	Through arch
Material	Steel
Total length	750 m (2,461 ft)[2]
Width	28.7 m (94 ft)[3]
Height	100 m (328 ft)[4]
Longest span	550 m (1,804 ft)[2]
Clearance below	46 m (151 ft)[3]
History
Designer	Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design Institute[5]
Constructed by	Shanghai Foundation Engineering Company of Shanghai Construction Group[1]
Construction start	October 2000[6]
Construction cost	2.5 billion yuan (US$302 million)[2]
Opened	June 28, 2003[2]
Inaugurated	June 27, 2003[7]
Location

Name

The name of the bridge, Lupu, is an abbreviation of the two districts of Shanghai which it links, one of which is now defunct. The north bank of the river administered by Luwan District until 2011, when it was merged into Huangpu District. However, the bridge still retains the name of the old district. The south bank of the river is administered by Pudong New Area. This follows the naming convention of the three earlier bridges across the Huangpu River, namely the Nanpu (Nanshi-Pudong), Yangpu (Yangpu-Pudong), and Xupu (Xuhui-Pudong) Bridges.

History

The bridge was envisioned to ease congestion between the quickly developing areas in southern Puxi, as well as to help cope with the traffic expected for Expo 2010. The Expo 2010 site was just to the east of the Lupu Bridge on the Puxi side, and on both sides of the bridge on the Pudong side.

Construction began in October 2000 using a cantilever method and temporary cable-stays. Over 35,000 tonnes of steel were used in construction. The bridge's arch was joined on October 7, 2002.[2][6]

When the bridge was completed, it became the world's longest arch bridge, surpassing the earlier title holder, the New River Gorge Bridge in Fayetteville, West Virginia. An inauguration ceremony was held on June 27, 2003, featuring a group of runners, including Yao Ming, who were the first to cross the bridge.[7] The bridge opened to vehicular traffic the next day.[2]

In 2009, Lupu Bridge lost its title of the world's longest arch bridge to the Chaotianmen Bridge in Chongqing.[9] The longest span of the Chaotianmen Bridge was only 2 metres (7 ft) longer, at 552 metres (1,811 ft).[10]

Lupu Bridge at night as seen from the Mercedes-Benz Arena during Expo 2010.

The Lupu Bridge was one of the architectural centerpieces of Expo 2010 in Shanghai, as it formed part of the western boundary of the Expo site.

Road connections

The bridge carries 6 lanes of the North–South Elevated Road, a major elevated roadway in the city, with 3 lanes in each direction.[1] From Pudong, motorists can access the Lupu Bridge from on-ramps to the North–South Elevated Road westbound on Yaohua Road or northbound on Jiyang Road. The North–South Elevated Road actually ends immediately after the Lupu Bridge and becomes Jiyang Road, with an off-ramp to eastbound Yaohua Road.[11]

On the Puxi side immediately north of the bridge, the North–South Elevated Road intersects with the Inner Ring Road, another major elevated highway in Shanghai, forming the Luban Road Interchange, a roundabout interchange.[12]

Criticism

The construction of an arch bridge was viewed as wasteful in respect to the extra costs associated with building this type of bridge. Other designs which were less expensive in nature were rejected in favour of the more expensive tied arch design. Lupu Bridge became the first arch bridge across the Huangpu River in Shanghai and many feel its design is just a show piece for the city.

But the bridge's proponents argued that all the other bridges crossing the Huangpu were all cable-stayed bridges and having Lupu built as an arch bridge would make for variation of bridge types in the Shanghai landscape.[5]

Tourist attraction

Tourists can climb to the top of the arch and view the bridge from above, as shown in this picture.

The Lupu Bridge used to be a popular tourist attraction along the Huangpu River. The bridge itself was actually also an attraction, as tourists could ascend to the observation deck at the top of the bridge. The attraction was known as Shanghai Climb, and involved riding a high-speed elevator from the base of the bridge, and then climbing 367 steps at high altitude along the arch of the bridge to the top. The attraction entrance was located on Luban Road, at the base of the Puxi side of the bridge.[13] The observation area provides great views of Shanghai and the Expo 2010 site during the Expo. Currently (as of 03.05.2016) the bridge is closed for sightseeing.

The closest subway station currently in operation to the base of the bridge for the tourist attraction is the Luban Road Station on Line 4 of the Shanghai Metro. Lupu Bridge Station on Line 13, Shanghai Metro is actually named after the bridge itself, however it was a temporary station used during Expo 2010 and is currently not in operation.[14]

Awards

The Lupu Arch Bridge, Shanghai, China, received the 2008 IABSE Outstanding Structure Award[15] for being "A soaring box-arch bridge with a record span, clean impressive lines and innovative use of the side spans of the arch and the deck to resist the thrust of the main arch."

External links

• Shanghai Lupu - Chinese bridge site showing suspended deck arch construction and completion
• Shanghai Climb - Information about climbing the Lupu Bridge.

Notes

1. The Lupu Bridge, Shanghai, China Archived 2011-06-13 at the Wayback Machine
2. Lupu Bridge
3. 光纤光栅传感器应用于上海卢浦大桥 Archived 2012-01-19 at the Wayback Machine (in Chinese)
4. Lupu Bridge Walk Archived 2013-02-10 at Archive.today
5. L. J. H. Ellis, Critical Analysis of the Lupu Bridge in Shanghai Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine
6. Recent development of arch bridges in China Archived 2011-10-04 at the Wayback Machine
7. Lupu Bridge Opens - 6/27/03
8. Biao Ma; Yuanpei Lin; Junjie Zhang (March 2013), Decade Review: Bridge Type Selection and Challenges of Lupu Bridge (PDF), Structural Engineering International, archived from the original (PDF) on 8 August 2014, retrieved 3 August 2014
9. Chongqing completes world's longest arch bridge Archived 2011-07-08 at the Wayback Machine
10. Chaotianmen Bridge Archived 2011-07-22 at the Wayback Machine
11. Google Maps - Yao Hua Lu Ji Yang Lu China
12. Google Maps - Shanghai Lu Wan Qu Lu Ban Lu Li Jiao
13. Shanghai Climb
14. Shanghai Metro Line 13: More than just the Expo
15. "International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering Press Release" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-28. Retrieved 2011-03-27.