Lorraine 12D

The Lorraine 12D, also referred to as Lorraine-Dietrich 12D, was a series of water-cooled V12 engines produced by the French company Lorraine-Dietrich. The first variant began production in 1917, and the engines were used to power bombers for the French Navy during World War I. The Lorraine 12Da variant was the most powerful French engine at the time. After the war, the engines were licensed and produced by the Italian firm Isotta Fraschini until 1925.

Lorraine 12D
A Lorraine 12D on display at the National Museum of Nature and Science in Tokyo, Japan
Type
National origin France
Manufacturer Lorraine-Dietrich
Designed by Marius Barbarou
Produced 1917 (1917)–1925 (1925)

Design and development

In 1916, French engineer Marius Barbarou began working a new V12 engine oriented at a 60-degree angle and a 120 mm (4.7 in) bore, to improve on the existing Lorraine-Dietrich 8B engine by adding two cylinders on each side. The Lorraine 12D was approved in January 1917 at 350 hp (260 kW).[1] Lorraine produced 50 of the 12D engines. In 1917, the Lorraine 12Da was produced with an increase to 400 hp (300 kW) and 400 units produced.[2] The Lorraine 12Da variant became the most powerful French airplane engine at the time of World War I.[1] The more powerful design resulted in a heavier powertrain due to added radiators for cooling. The extra weight meant that the planes could operate for two hours on the available fuel supply. The engines continued to be used by the military, but were unsuitable for commercial use due to the limited travel range.[1]

The engines were mass produced at a factory in Argenteuil, to meet demands of the French Navy for bombers. At the time of the armistice of 11 November 1918, Lorraine had hundreds of surplus engines which were later used in French Navy prototypes. New models were not developed during this time, and Lorraine halted production of the 12D engines in 1922.[1] In 1924 the Italian company Isotta Fraschini bought the rights for the engine under the license of the 12Db, and later marketed the engine under its own company name, Isotta Fraschini 12Db until 1925.[3]

Variants

The Lorraine 12D had several variants produced which included:[2]

YearModelPowerDesignDisplacementProduction
191612D370 hp (280 kW)V12 at 60°, water cooled24.4L (1489 cu.in.)50 units
191712Da400 hp (300 kW)V12 at 60°, water cooled24.4L (1489 cu.in.)400 units
191812Db400 hp (300 kW)V12 at 60°, water cooled24.4L (1489 cu.in.)850 units
191912Dc370 hp (280 kW)V12, water cooled24.4L (1489 cu.in.)100 units

Usage in airplanes
The Latham 43 (pictured) was powered by the Lorraine 12Da.

The Lorraine 12D powered the first Groupe Latécoère planes. The 12Da was mounted on the CAMS 37 prototype seaplane, and later used on the first Potez planes. The successor 12Db engine was used mostly by the Farman Aviation Works, and the Société Latham.[1] Isotta Fraschini 12Db used the Lorraine engines to power Italian aircraft including the Macchi M.7, Macchi M.24bis and Caproni Ca.73bis.[3]

Complete list of planes powered by the Lorraine 12D:[2]

12D

12Da

12Db

12Dc

Engine specifications (12Da)
The Lioré et Olivier LeO 12 (pictured) was powered by the Lorraine 12Db.

Data from Les moteurs d'aviation Lorraine[2]

General characteristics

Components

Performance

  • Power output: 400 hp (300 kW) at 1700 rpm

See also

References
  1. Hartmann, Gérard. "Les moteurs d'aviation Lorraine" (PDF). hydroretro.net (in French). p. 9. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  2. Hartmann, Gérard. "Les moteurs d'aviation Lorraine" (PDF). hydroretro.net (in French). p. 23. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
  3. "Lorraine Dietrich 12 Db". Polytechnic University of Turin. Retrieved 20 May 2019.
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