Lochmaben Castle

Lochmaben Castle is a ruined castle in the town of Lochmaben, the feudal Lordship of Annandale, and the united county of Dumfries and Galloway. It was built by Edward I in the 13th and 14th centuries, and later rebuilt during the reign of James IV of Scotland. An earlier motte-and-bailey castle was built south of the current castle in c. 1160 by the Bruce family, Lords of Annandale.

Lochmaben Castle
Lochmaben, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
UK grid reference NY088811
The castle in 2008
Lochmaben Castle
Coordinates55.116287°N 3.429248°W / 55.116287; -3.429248
Site information
OwnerHistoric Environment Scotland
Open to
the public		Yes
ConditionRuined
Site history
Built13th/14th century; rebuilt 1488-1513
Built byEdward I
MaterialsStone
Lochmaben - aerial view

History

King Edward replaced the older motte and bailey castle with a much sturdier structure at the south end of Castle Loch around 1300 and its remains still show the massive strength of its defences. Archibald Douglas, Lord of Galloway, with the assistance of the Earls of March and Douglas, after a siege of nine days, took Lochmaben Castle from the English and "razed it to the ground" on 4 February 1384/5. The castle and barony became a possession of the Earls of March, but when the 10th Earl was forfeited and then reinstated, in 1409, it is noted that it was "with the exception of the castle of Lochmaben and the Lordship of Annandale" which by July 1455 was in the possession of Alexander Stewart, Duke of Albany. Following his death in 1485 both the Lordship and the castle were annexed to the Crown by Act of Parliament dated 1 October 1487.[1]

A mason called Gluffar built a hall at the castle in 1504 and it was roofed with local timber. James IV visited and played cards with Lord Dacre on 23 August 1504.[2] On 16 January 1509 Robert Lauder of The Bass was appointed Captain and Keeper of Lochmaben for three years.[3]

Mary, Queen of Scots and Lord Darnley came to Lochmaben in October 1565 at the conclusion of the Chaseabout Raid.[4] The castle was seized by Lord Maxwell, seeking to overthrow the Protestant monarchy in 1588. In response James VI besieged Lochmaben with the assistance of English forces. Gunpowder was sent from Edinburgh.[5] The keeper David Maxwell and five others were hanged, despite the efforts of William Stewart of Monkton to negotiate a surrender.[6] One of the king's soldiers was shot in the leg.[7]

In June 1592 it was said that Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell dressed as a woman, had managed to infiltrate and capture the castle, which was kept by Sir John Carmichael, as part of an uprising against James VI. The castle was soon returned to crown control.[8]

In 1605 the Depute Lieutenant of the Borders, Sir William Cranstoun of that Ilk (later 1st Lord Cranstoun), was Keeper of Lochmaben Castle.[9]

Lochmaben Castle remained important and had a turbulent history until some time after the early 17th century by which time it had seen its last siege and was gradually abandoned. King James allocated £1,600 sterling for repairs in 1624 but nothing seems to have been done.[10] The castle is now protected as a scheduled monument.[11]

Lord Mansfield, the Earl of Mansfield, is the Hereditary Keeper of Bruce’s Castle of Lochmaben [12]

The castle features in The Scottish Chiefs.[13]

References
  1. Cokayne, G. E., The Complete Peerage, vol. 1 (London, 1910), pp. 80-1.
  2. James Balfour Paul, Accounts of the Treasurer, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 278-9, 455.
  3. M. Livingstone, The Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland: 1488-1529, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1908), pp. 273-4 no. 1799.
  4. George Chalmers, Life of Mary Queen of Scots, vol. 1 (London, 1818), p. 155.
  5. John Marwick, Extracts from the Burgh Records of Edinburgh: 1573-1589 (Edinburgh, 1882), p. 523.
  6. John Mackenzie, A chronicle of the kings of Scotland (Edinburgh, 1830), p. 141
  7. Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 9 (Edinburgh, 1916), p. 573: See also National Records of Scotland treasurer's accounts, for mention of trenches.
  8. Joseph Bain, Border Papers, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1894), p. 397: Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1589-1592, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1936), pp. 703, 705.
  9. James Balfour Paul,The Scots' Peerage, under 'Cranstoun' pp. 592-3.
  10. HMC Mar & Kellie (London, 1904), p. 122.
  11. Historic Environment Scotland. "Lochmaben Peel and Castle (SM90205)". Retrieved 25 February 2019.
  12. "Rich in Scottish History". Scone Palace. Retrieved 26 November 2018.
  13. Porter, Jane (1921). The Scottish Chiefs. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 259-261. ISBN 9780684193403.

Additional Reading
  • Coventry, Martin (2001) The Castles of Scotland, 3rd Ed. Scotland: Goblinshead ISBN 1-899874-26-7
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