List of trees of the Caribbean

Prior to European settlement, the Caribbean was dominated by forested ecosystems. The insular Caribbean has been considered a biodiversity hotspot.[1] Although species diversity is lower than on mainland systems, endemism is high.

Roystonea regia

Species diversity is highest and endemism is lowest in Trinidad, which has a predominantly continental flora. Endemism is highest in Cuba and Hispaniola, the largest members of the Greater Antilles.

List of species

Native species

Acanthaceae

• Avicennia germinans

Anacardiaceae

• Comocladia dodonaea
• Spondias mombin

Annonaceae

• Annona trinitensis [2]
• Duguetia
  • Duguetia lucida
  • Duguetia tobagensis[2]
• Rollinia
  • Rollinia mucosa
  • Rollinia exsucca[2]

Apocynaceae

• Plumeria rubra

Arecaceae

Araliaceae

• Aralia
  • Aralia excelsa[3]
  • Aralia rex[4]
• Dendropanax
  • Dendropanax arboreus[5]
  • Dendropanax blakeanus[6]
  • Dendropanax cordifolius[7]
  • Dendropanax cuneifolius[8]
  • Dendropanax elongatus[9]
  • Dendropanax filipes[10]
  • Dendropanax grandiflorus[11]
  • Dendropanax grandis[12]
  • Dendropanax laurifolius[13]
  • Dendropanax nervosus[14]
  • Dendropanax nutans[15]
  • Dendropanax oblanceatus[16]
  • Dendropanax pendulus[17]
  • Dendropanax portlandianus[18]
  • Dendropanax selleanus[19]
  • Dendropanax swartzii[20]
• Oreopanax
  • Oreopanax capitatus[21]
  • Oreopanax dussii[22]
  • Oreopanax ramosissimus[23]
• Schefflera
  • Schefflera attenuata[24]
  • Schefflera glabrata[25]
  • Schefflera gleasonii[26]
  • Schefflera morototoni[27]
  • Schefflera sciodaphyllum[28]
  • Schefflera stearnii[29]
  • Schefflera tremula[30]
  • Schefflera troyana[31]
  • Schefflera urbaniana[32]

Bignoniaceae

• Catalpa longissima
• Crescentia
  • Crescentia cujete (Calabash)
  • Crescentia portoricensis
• Tabebuia
  • Tabebuia heterophylla
  • Tabebuia rosea
• Tecoma stans

Bombacaceae

• Ceiba pentandra (Kapok)
• Ochroma pyramidale

Boraginaceae

• Bourreria succulenta
• Cordia
  • Cordia alliodora
  • Cordia sulcata
• Rochefortia acanthophora

Burseraceae

Bursera simaruba

• Dacryodes excelsa (Tabonuco)
• Bursera simaruba

Buxaceae

• Buxus
  • Buxus aneura
  • Buxus brevipes
  • Buxus crassifolia
  • Buxus ekmanii
  • Buxus excisa
  • Buxus heterophylla
  • Buxus imbricata
  • Buxus muelleriana
  • Buxus olivacea
  • Buxus pilosula
  • Buxus portoricensis
  • Buxus rheedioides
  • Buxus vahlii

Canellaceae

• Canella winteriana

Cannabaceae

• Celtis trinervia

Capparidaceae

• Capparis
  • Capparis baducca
  • Capparis cynophallophora
  • Capparis flexuosa
  • Capparis hastata
  • Capparis indica

Celastraceae

• Cassine xylocarpa
• Gyminda latifolia
• Maytenus
  • Maytenus monticola[2]
  • Maytenus reflex[2]
• Schaefferia frutescens

Clusiaceae

• Calophyllum
  • Calophyllum calaba
  • Calophyllum lucidum
• Clusia
  • Clusia aripoensis[2]
  • Clusia intertexta[2]
  • Clusia minor
  • Clusia rosea
  • Clusia tocuchensis[2]
• Mammea americana

Combretaceae

Conocarpus erectus

• Buchenavia tetraphylla
• Bucida buceras
• Conocarpus erectus (Buttonwood)
• Laguncularia racemosa
• Terminalia amazonia

Cupressaceae

• Juniperus barbadensis
• Juniperus gracilior
• Juniperus saxicola

Cyrillaceae

Cyrilla racemiflora

• Cyrilla racemiflora

Dilleniaceae

• Curatella americana

Elaeocarpaceae

• Muntingia calabura
• Sloanea berteroana
• Sloanea caribaea

Erythroxylaceae

• Erythroxylum
  • Erythroxylum areolatum
  • Erythroxylum brevipes
  • Erythroxylum rotundifolium
  • Erythroxylum urbanii

Euphorbiaceae

• Adelia rincinella
• Alchornea latifolia
• Bernardia dichotoma
• Fluggea acidoton
• Gymnanthes lucida
• Hura crepitans
• Jatropha hernandiifolia
• Picrodendron baccatum
• Savia sessiliflora

Fabaceae

Enterolobium cyclocarpum

• Andira inermis
• Caesalpinia coriaria
• Enterolobium cyclocarpum
• Hymenaea courbaril
• Inga
  • Inga fagifolia
  • Inga vera
• Mora excelsa
• Ormosia krugii
• Pictetia aculeata
• Piscidia carthagenensis
• Pithecellobium unguis-cati
• Pterocarpus officinalis

Flacourtiaceae

• Samyda dodecandra
• Xylosoma buxifolia

Garryaceae

• Garrya fadyenii

Hernandiaceae

• Hernandia sonora

Juglandaceae

• Juglans jamaicensis

Lecythidaceae

• Eschweilera subglandulosa

Malpighiaceae

• Byrsonima
  • Byrsonima crassifolia
  • Byrsonima spicata

Malvaceae

• Talipariti elatum (Blue Mahoe)
• Thespesia grandiflora

Magnoliaceae

• Magnolia
  • Magnolia cristalensis [33]
  • Magnolia cubensis [34]
  • Magnolia dealbata [35]
  • Magnolia domingensis [36]
  • Magnolia ekmanii [37]
  • Magnolia emarginata [38]
  • Magnolia hamorii [39]
  • Magnolia minor [40]
  • Magnolia pallescens [41]
  • Magnolia portoricensis [42]
  • Magnolia splendens [43]

Meliaceae

Cedrela odorata

• Carapa
  • Carapa guianensis
• Cedrela odorata
• Guarea
  • Guarea guidonia
• Swietenia mahagoni (West Indian Mahogany)
• Trichilia
  • Trichilia hirta
  • Trichilia triacantha

Moraceae

• Cecropia
  • Cecropia peltata
  • Cecropia schreberiana
• Ficus
  • Ficus americana[44]
  • Ficus aurea[44]
  • Ficus citrifolia
  • Ficus maxima[45]
• Maclura tinctoria

Myrtaceae

• Eugenia
  • Eugenia axillaris
  • Eugenia biflora
  • Eugenia cruegeri[2]
  • Eugenia foetida
  • Eugenia lingustrina
  • Eugenia monticola
  • Eugenia procera
  • Eugenia rhombea
  • Eugenia woodburyana
  • Eugenia xerophytica
  • Myrciaria floribunda
• Psidium
  • Psidium amplexicaule
  • Psidium guajava (Guava)

Nyctaginaceae

• Guapira fragrans
• Neea buxifolia
• Pisonia
  • Pisonia aculeata
  • Pisonia albida
  • Pisonia subcordata

Oleaceae

• Forestiera segregata
• Ximenia americana

Pinaceae

Pinus cubensis

• Pinus
  • Pinus caribaea
  • Pinus cubensis
  • Pinus occidentalis
  • Pinus tropicalis

Podocarpaceae

• Podocarpus
  • Podocarpus angustifolius
  • Podocarpus aristulatus
  • Podocarpus coriaceus
  • Podocarpus hispaniolensis
  • Podocarpus purdieanus
  • Podocarpus trinitensis
  • Podocarpus urbanii

Polygonaceae

Coccoloba uvifera

• Coccoloba
  • Coccoloba diversifolia
  • Coccoloba krugii
  • Coccoloba microstachya
  • Coccoloba swartzii
  • Coccoloba uvifera (Sea grape)

Rhamnaceae

• Colubrina
  • Colubrina arborescens
  • Colubrina elliptica
• Reynosia
  • Reynosia guama
  • Reynosia uncinata
• Krugiodendron ferreum
• Ziziphus reticulata

Rhizophoraceae

Rhizophora mangle

• Rhizophora mangle

Rosaceae

• Prunus occidentalis

Rubiaceae

• Antirhea
  • Antirhea acutata
  • Antirhea lucida
• Erithalis fruticosa
• Exostema caribaeum
• Genipa americana
• Guettarda
  • Guettarda elliptica
  • Guettarda krugii
  • Guettarda odorata
• Randia
  • Randia aculeata
  • Randia portoricensis
• Rondelita inermis

Rutaceae

Amyris elemifera

• Amyris
  • Amyris balsamifera
  • Amyris elemifera
• Zanthoxylum
  • Zanthoxylum flavum
  • Zanthoxylum martinicense
  • Zanthoxylum monophyllum
  • Zanthoxylum spinifex
  • Zanthoxylum thomasianum

Sapindaceae

• Cupania americana
• Melicoccus bijugatus
• Thouinia striata

Sapotaceae

• Chrysophyllum
  • Chrysophyllum argenteum[46]
  • Chrysophyllum cainito[47]
  • Chrysophyllum oliviforme[48]
  • Chrysophyllum pauciflorum[49]
• Manilkara
  • Manilkara bidentata[50]
  • Manilkara excisa[51]
  • Manilkara gonavensis[52]
  • Manilkara jaimiqui[53]
  • Manilkara mayarensis[54]
  • Manilkara pleeana[55]
  • Manilkara sideroxylon[56]
  • Manilkara valenzuelana[57]
• Micropholis
  • Micropholis chrysophylloides
• Pouteria
  • Pouteria multiflora
  • Pouteria sapota–Mamey sapote
• Pradosia
• Sideroxylon
  • Sideroxylon obovatum
  • Sideroxylon salicifolium

Sterculiaceae

• Guazuma ulmifolia

Theophrastaceae

• Jacquinia
  • Jacquinia armillaris
  • Jacquinia berteroi
  • Jacquinia umbellata

Verbenaceae

• Citharexylum fruticosa
• Petitia domingensis

Zamiaceae

• Zamia
  • Zamia amblyphyllidia
  • Zamia portoricensis
  • Zamia pumila (Coontie)

Zygophyllaceae

• Guaiacum
  • Guaiacum officinale (Lignum vitae)
  • Guaiacum sanctum

Non-native species

Anacardiaceae

Mangifera indica

• Mango (Mangifera indica)

Arecaceae

• Coconut (Cocos nucifera)

Bignoniaceae

• Jacaranda (Jacaranda spp.)

Casuarinaceae

• Casuarina equisetifolia

Combretaceae

• Indian almond (Terminalia catappa)

Fabaceae

Delonix regia

• Samaan tree (Albizia saman)
• Flamboyant (Delonix regia)
• Tamarind (Tamarindus indica)

Moraceae

• Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)
• Ficus benjamina

Sapindaceae

• Ackee (Blighia sapida)

Sapotaceae

• Manilkara zapota[58]

Verbenaceae

Tectona grandis

• Teak (Tectona grandis)

References

1. Myers, N., R. A. Mittermeier, C. G. Mittermeier, G. A. B. da Fonseca, and J. Kent. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403:853-858.
2. Van den Eynden, V. 2006. Review of endemic plants of Trinidad and Tobago.
3. "Aralia excelsa". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
4. "Aralia rex". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
5. "Dendropanax arboreus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
6. "Dendropanax blakeanus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
7. "Dendropanax cordifolius". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
8. "Dendropanax cuneifolius". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
9. "Dendropanax elongatus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
10. "Dendropanax filipes". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
11. "Dendropanax grandiflorus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
12. "Dendropanax grandis". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
13. "Dendropanax laurifolius". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
14. "Dendropanax nervosus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
15. "Dendropanax nutans". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
16. "Dendropanax oblanceatus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
17. "Dendropanax pendulus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
18. "Dendropanax portlandianus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
19. "Dendropanax selleanus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
20. "Dendropanax swartzii". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
21. "Oreopanax capitatus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
22. "Oreopanax dussii". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
23. "Oreopanax ramosissimus". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
24. "Schefflera attenuata". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
25. "Schefflera glabrata". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
26. "Schefflera gleasonii". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
27. "Schefflera morototoni". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
28. "Schefflera sciodaphyllum". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
29. "Schefflera stearnii". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
30. "Schefflera tremula". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
31. "Schefflera troyana". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
32. "Schefflera urbaniana". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-03.
33. Magnolia cristalensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
34. Magnolia cubensis Magnolia cubensis subsp. cacuminicola Magnolia cubensis subsp. cubensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
35. Magnolia dealbata WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
36. Magnolia domingensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
37. Magnolia ekmanii WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
38. Magnolia emarginata WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
39. Magnolia hamorii WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
40. Magnolia minor WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
41. Magnolia pallescens WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
42. Magnolia portoricensis WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
43. Magnolia splendens WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families.
44. Berg, C.C. (2007). "Proposals for treating four species complexes in Ficus subgenus Urostigma section Americanae (Moraceae)". Blumea. 52 (2): 295–312. doi:10.3767/000651907x609034.
45. "Ficus maxima". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2008-06-28.
46. "Chrysophyllum argenteum". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
47. "Chrysophyllum cainito". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
48. "Chrysophyllum oliviforme". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
49. "Chrysophyllum pauciflorum". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
50. "Manilkara bidentata". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
51. "Manilkara excisa". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
52. "Manilkara gonavensis". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
53. "Manilkara jaimiqui". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
54. "Manilkara mayarensis". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
55. "Manilkara pleeana". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
56. "Manilkara sideroxylon". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
57. "Manilkara valenzuelana". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
58. "Manilkara zapota". WCSP: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Retrieved 2008-01-04.