List of the last monarchs in Europe

This is a list of last monarchs of countries in Europe.

Nation / territory Monarch Title Birth Reigned from Reign ceased Reason Death Arms Ref
 Albania Victor Emmanuel IIIKing of Albania 11 November 1869 16 April 1939 3 September 1943 Armistice of Cassibile 28 December 1947 [1]
 Austria-Hungary Charles I and IVEmperor of Austria and King of Hungary 17 August 1887 21 November 1916 11 November 1918 Abdicated 1 April 1922
16 November 1918
 Bulgaria Simeon IITsar of Bulgaria 16 June 1937 28 August 1943 15 September 1946 Republican constitution adopted
(Referendum)		 living [2]
 Independent State of Croatia Tomislav IIKing of Croatia 9 March 1900 18 May 1941 31 July 1943 Abdicated 29 January 1948 [3]
 France Napoleon IIIEmperor of the French 20 April 1808 2 December 1852 4 September 1870 Abdicated, Republican constitution adopted 9 January 1873 [4]
 Germany Wilhelm IIEmperor of Germany 27 January 1859 15 June 1888 9 November 1918 Abdicated 9 June 1941 [5]
 Greece Constantine IIKing of the Hellenes 2 June 1940 6 March 1964 1 June 1973 Deposed living [6]
 Iceland Christian XKing of Iceland 26 September 1870 14 May 1912 17 June 1944 Republican constitution adopted
(Referendum)		 20 April 1947 [7]
 Irish Free State George VIKing of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas 14 December 1895 11 December 1936 29 December 1937 Constitution of Ireland 6 February 1952
 Italy Umberto IIKing of Italy 15 September 1904 9 May 1946 18 June 1946 Republican constitution adopted
(Referendum)		 18 March 1983 [8]
 Malta Elizabeth IIQueen of Malta 21 April 1926 6 February 1952 13 December 1974 Republican constitution adopted living [9]
 Montenegro Nicholas IKing of Montenegro 7 October 1841 28 August 1910 26 November 1918 Monarchy abolished by the Podgorica Assembly 1 March 1921 [10]
 Portugal Manuel IIKing of Portugal and the Algarves 15 November 1889 1 February 1908 5 October 1910 Monarchy abolished by the Republican Revolution 2 July 1932 [11]
 Romania Michael IKing of Romania 25 October 1921 6 September 1940 30 December 1947 Monarchy abolished by the Communist government 5 December 2017 [12]
 Russia Nicholas IIEmperor and Autocrat of All the Russia 18 May 1868 1 November 1894 15 March 1917 Abdicated 17 July 1918 [13]
 Yugoslavia Peter IIKing of Yugoslavia 6 September 1923 9 October 1934 29 November 1945 Deposed 3 November 1970 [14]

See also

References
  1. Tucker, Spencer C. (2016). World War II: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection [5 volumes]: The Definitive Encyclopedia and Document Collection. I. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO. p. 91. ISBN 9781851099696.
  2. Gotev, Georgi (2017-11-20). "Bulgaria's Simeon: Time to leave a mark after so many years of isolation". euractiv.com. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  3. Lemkin, Raphael (2005) [1944]. Axis Rule in Occupied Europe: Laws of Occupation, Analysis of Government, Proposals for Redress. Clark, NJ: The Lawbook Exchange, Ltd. p. 253. ISBN 9781584779018.
  4. Hansen, Valerie; Curtis, Kenneth R. (2016). Voyages in World History, Volume II, Brief. 2. Boston. MA: Cengage Learning. p. 524. ISBN 9781305537729.
  5. Cecil, Lamar (1996). Wilhelm II: Volume 2, Emperor and Exile, 1900-1941. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. p. 292. ISBN 9780807860748.
  6. Gage, Nicholas; Gage, Joan Paulson (2015-08-21). "Why Is the King of Greece Living as a Commoner?". Town & Country. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  7. Guðmundsson, Helgi Hrafn (29 May 2014). "The Nazi King Of Iceland". The Reykjavik Grapevine. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  8. Smith, Denis Mack (1992). Italy and Its Monarchy. Yale University Press. p. 340. ISBN 9780300051322.
  9. Zammit Marmarà, Desmond (12 December 2009). "The Republic of Malta". Times of Malta. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  10. "Government Bill Aims To Rehabilitate Montenegro's Royal Family". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. 18 April 2011. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  11. Starbuck, Lydia (2018-09-22). "What happened to Portugal's monarchy?". Royal Central. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  12. Dunlop, Tessa (2017-12-05). "Michael I of Romania Obituary: Former monarch and last surviving head of state from the second world war". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
  13. Ferro, Marc (1995). Nicholas II: Last of the Tsars. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195093827.
  14. Langlois, Jill (26 May 2013). "Serbia holds state funeral for Yugoslavia's last king". Public Radio International. Retrieved 2019-01-23.
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