List of state leaders in 1599

This is a list of heads of state, heads of governments, and other rulers in the year 1599.

Africa

• Ethiopian Empire – Yaqob (1597–1603 and 1604–1606)
• Kanem–Bornu Empire - Idris Alooma
• Kingdom of Kongo – Álvaro II, Manikongo (1587–1614)
• Sennar Sultanate – Unsa I (1591–1603/4)

Asia

• Ayutthaya Kingdom (Siam) – Naresuan (1590–1605)
• China (Ming dynasty) - Wanli Emperor (1573–1620)
• Đại Việt – Lê Thế Tông (1573–1599)
  • Đàng Ngoài – Trịnh Tùng, Trịnh lord (1570–1623)
  • Đàng Trong – Nguyễn Hoàng, Nguyễn lord (1558–1613)
• Japan (Sengoku period)
  • Monarch – Emperor Go-Yōzei (1586–1611)
  • de facto - Council of Five Elders (1598–1600)
  • Daimyōs
    • Hirosaki Domain - Tsugaru Tamenobu (1590–1607)
• Khanate of Khiva – Haji Muhammad I (1558–1602)
• Joseon (Korea) – Seonjo (1567–1608)
• Mughal Empire – Akbar (1556–1605)
• Ryukyu Kingdom – Shō Nei (1587–1620)

Europe

• Crimean Khanate – Ghazi II Girai (1596–1608)
• Kingdom of Denmark – Christian IV (1588–1648)
• Kingdom of England – Elizabeth I (1558–1603)
• Kingdom of France – Henry IV (1589–1610)
• Holy Roman Empire – Rudolf II (1576–1612)
  • Kingdom of Bohemia – Rudolf II (1576–1611)
  • Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen – John Frederick, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp (1596–1634)
  • Dutch Republic on the verge to independence see United Provinces
  • Bishopric of Lübeck – John Adolf, Duke of Holstein-Gottorp (1586–1607)
• Royal Hungary – Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor as Rudolf I (1576–1609)
• Principality of Moldavia – Ieremia Movilă (1595–1600, 1600–1606)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire – Mehmed III (1595–1603)
• Papal States – Pope Clement VIII (1592–1605)
• Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth – Sigismund III Vasa (1597–1632)
• Tsardom of Russia - Boris Godunov, Tsar of Russia (1598–1605)
• Kingdom of Scotland – James VI (1567–1625)
• Kingdom of Spain and Kingdom of Portugal and the Algarves – Philip III of Spain and II of Portugal (1598–1621)
• Kingdom of Sweden –
  1. Sigismund (1592–1599)
  2. Charles IX, de facto (1599–1611)
• United Provinces
  • Estates of Friesland, Groningen, Guelders, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht, Zeeland (1581–1795)
  • Stadtholder - Maurice of Nassau, Prince of Orange, Stadtholder of Gelre, Holland, Overijssel, Utrecht and Zeeland (1585–1625)
  • Grand Pensionary of Holland - Johan van Oldenbarnevelt (1586–1619)
• Republic of Venice – Marino Grimani, Doge of Venice (1595–1606)
• Principality of Wallachia – Michael the Brave (1593–1601)

Middle East and North Africa

• Morocco (Saadi dynasty) - Ahmad I al-Mansur Saadi (1578–1603)
• Safavid Empire – Abbas I, Shah of Iran (1587–1629)