List of reptiles of North America

This is a checklist of American reptiles found north from Mexico, based primarily on SSAR publications.[1][2][3] It includes all species of the United States and Canada, including recently introduced species such as Chameleons, the Nile monitor, and the Burmese python. Subspecies are listed only in a few cases. The information about range and status of almost all of these species can be found also in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species site.[4]

* alien species

Summary of 2006 IUCN Red List categories.

Conservation status – IUCN Red List of Threatened Species:

EX – Extinct, EW – Extinct in the wild

CR – Critically endangered, EN – Endangered, VU – Vulnerable

NT – Near threatened, LC – Least concern

DD – Data deficient, NE – Not evaluated

(v. 2013.2, the data is current as of March 5, 2014[5])

and Endangered Species Act:

E – Endangered, T – Threatened

XN, XE – Experimental non-essential or essential population

E(S/A), T(S/A) – Endangered or threatened due to similarity of appearance

(the data is current as of March 28, 2014[6])

Contents:

• Crocodylia • Alligatoridae • Crocodylidae • Turtles • Cryptodira • Tortoises • Pond turtles • Cheloniidae • Dermochelyidae • Chelydridae • Kinosternidae • Softshells • Pleurodira • Side-necked turtles • Scaled reptiles • Iguania • Agamas • Chameleons • Collared and leopard lizards • Iguanas • Phrynosomatidae • Anoles • Polychrotidae • Casquehead lizards • Curly-tailed lizards • Gekkota • Geckos   • Autarchoglossa • Wall or true lizards • Skinks • Anguidae • American legless lizards • Gila monsters • Tegus or whiptails • Night lizards • Monitor lizards • Amphisbaenia • North American worm lizards   • Snakes • Blind snakes • Boas • Colubrids • Viperidae • Elapidae • Slender blind snakes • File snakes • Pythons

Order: Crocodylia

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American alligator
Alligator mississippiensis

Family: Alligatoridae

Alligators

• American alligator Alligator mississippiensis LR/lc T(S/A)
• Spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus * LR/lc

Family: Crocodylidae

Subfamily: Crocodylinae

Crocodiles

• American crocodile Crocodylus acutus VU E (FL: T only)

Order: Testudines (Turtles)

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Suborder: Cryptodira

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Family: Testudinidae Tortoises

Mohave Desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii

Gopher tortoises

• Gopher tortoise Gopherus polyphemus VU T
• Berlandier’s tortoise Gopherus berlandieri LR/lc
• Bolson tortoise Gopherus flavomarginatus VU
• Mohave Desert tortoise Gopherus agassizii VU T
  (AZ south and east of Colorado R.: T(S/A) only) and:

• Sonoran Desert tortoise Gopherus morafkai (formerly in G. agassizii)

Typical tortoises

• Indian star tortoise Geochelone elegans * [7][n 1]

Family: Emydidae Pond turtles

Subfamily: Emydinae

Pond turtles

• Species split from former Western pond turtle (Actinemys marmorata) VU:[3]

• Northwestern pond turtle Actinemys (marmorata) marmorata [n 2]
• Southwestern pond turtle Actinemys (marmorata) pallida [n 2]

• Spotted turtle Clemmys guttata EN
• Wood turtle Glyptemys insculpta EN
• Bog turtle Glyptemys muhlenbergii CR T
  (GA, NC, SC, TN, VA: T(S/A) only)

Blanding's turtle

• Blanding’s turtle Emydoidea blandingii EN

Box turtles

• Eastern box turtle Terrapene carolina VU and:

• Florida box turtle Terrapene (carolina) bauri [n 2] (formerly in T. carolina)

• Ornate box turtle Terrapene ornata NT

Subfamily: Deirochelyinae

Black-knobbed map turtle
Graptemys nigrinoda hatchlings

Sliders

• Pond slider Trachemys scripta LC
• Mexican plateau slider Trachemys gaigeae VU
• Jamaican slider Trachemys terrapen * [7] VU[n 1]

Painted turtles

• Painted turtle Chrysemys picta LC and:

• Southern painted turtle Chrysemys dorsalis [n 2] (formerly in Ch. picta)

Chicken turtles

• Chicken turtle Deirochelys reticularia

Map turtles

• Barbour’s map turtle Graptemys barbouri VU
• Cagle’s map turtle Graptemys caglei EN
• Escambia map turtle Graptemys ernsti NT
• Yellow-blotched map turtle Graptemys flavimaculata VU T
• Northern map turtle Graptemys geographica LC
• Pascagoula map turtle Graptemys gibbonsi EN and:

• Pearl river map turtle Graptemys pearlensis EN [3] (formerly in G. gibbonsi)

• Black-knobbed map turtle Graptemys nigrinoda LC
• Ringed map turtle Graptemys oculifera VU T
• Species split from the Ouachita map turtle (Graptemys ouachitensis) LC:

• Ouachita map turtle Graptemys (ouachitensis) ouachitensis [3][n 2]
• Sabine map turtle Graptemys (ouachitensis) sabinensis [3][n 2]

• False map turtle Graptemys pseudogeographica LC
• Alabama map turtle Graptemys pulchra NT
• Texas map turtle Graptemys versa LC

Diamond-backed terrapin

• Diamond-backed terrapin Malaclemys terrapin LR/nt

Redbelly turtles and cooters

• Alabama red-bellied cooter Pseudemys alabamensis EN E
• River cooter Pseudemys concinna LC and:

• Suwannee cooter Pseudemys suwanniensis [n 2] (formerly in P. concinna)

• Rio Grande cooter Pseudemys gorzugi NT
• Florida red-bellied cooter Pseudemys nelsoni LC
• Peninsula cooter Pseudemys peninsularis LC
• Northern red-bellied cooter Pseudemys rubriventris NT (Plymouth red-bellied turtle P. r. bangsi: E)
• Texas cooter Pseudemys texana LC

Family: Cheloniidae

Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas

• Olive Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys olivacea VU T
• Loggerhead sea turtle Caretta caretta EN (North Pacific: E, Northwest Atlantic: T)
• Kemp's Ridley sea turtle Lepidochelys kempii CR E
• Green sea turtle Chelonia mydas EN T
  (Hawaiian subpopulation: LC, Breeding colony populations in FL: E)
• Hawksbill sea turtle Eretmochelys imbricata CR E

Family: Dermochelyidae

• Leatherback sea turtle Dermochelys coriacea VU E
  (East Pacific Ocean subpopulation – i.e. Hawaiian Is.: CR, West Pacific Ocean subpopulation: CR, Northwest Atlantic Ocean subpopulation: LC)

Family: Chelydridae

Snapping turtles

• Snapping turtle Chelydra serpentina LC

Alligator snapping turtles

• Species split from the Alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii) VU:

• Alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys temminckii [3] including:

• Apalachicola alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys apalachicolae [n 3] (currently not recognized)

• Suwannee alligator snapping turtle Macrochelys suwanniensis [3]

Family: Kinosternidae

Mud turtles

• Arizona mud turtle Kinosternon (flavescens) stejnegeri[7][n 3]
  (formerly Kinosternon arizonense[3] LC)
• Striped mud turtle Kinosternon baurii LC
• Yellow mud turtle Kinosternon flavescens LC
• Rough-footed mud turtle Kinosternon hirtipes LC
• Sonora mud turtle Kinosternon sonoriense NT
• Species split from the Eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum) LC:

• Eastern mud turtle Kinosternon subrubrum [3]
• Florida mud turtle Kinosternon (subrubrum) steindachneri [3][n 2]

Musk turtles

Spiny softshell Apalone spinifera

• Razor-backed musk turtle Sternotherus carinatus LC
• Flattened musk turtle Sternotherus depressus CR T
• Loggerhead musk turtle Sternotherus minor LC and:

• Stripe-necked musk turtle Sternotherus (minor) peltifer [7][n 4][n 3] (split from S. minor)

• Intermediate musk turtle Sternotherus intermedius[7][n 3]
• Eastern musk turtle Sternotherus odoratus LC

Giant musk turtles

• Pacific Coast Giant Musk Turtle Staurotypus salvinii * [3] NT

Family: Trionychidae Softshells

• Florida softshell Apalone ferox LC
• Smooth softshell Apalone mutica LC
• Spiny softshell Apalone spinifera LC
• Wattle-necked softshell Palea steindachneri * EN (Hawaii only)
• Chinese softshell Pelodiscus sinensis * VU (Hawaii only)

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Suborder: Pleurodira

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Family: Podocnemididae Side-necked turtles

• Yellow-spotted Amazon River turtle Podocnemis unifilis * [7] VU[n 1]

Order: Squamata (scaled reptiles)

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Suborder: Iguania

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Family: Agamidae Agamas

Subfamily: Agaminae

• Peters’s Rock Agama Agama picticauda * [3]
• Indochinese bloodsucker Calotes mystaceus * [1][7][n 1]
• Variable bloodsucker Calotes versicolor * LC

Subfamily: Leiolepidinae

• Butterfly lizard Leiolepis belliana *
• Red-banded butterfly lizard Leiolepis rubritaeniata *

Family: Chamaeleonidae Chameleons

Subfamily: Chamaeleoninae

• Veiled chameleon Chamaeleo calyptratus * LC
• Jackson's chameleon Trioceros jacksonii *
• Oustalet's chameleon Furcifer oustaleti * LC
• Panther Chameleon Furcifer pardalis * [3] LC

Family: Crotaphytidae Collared and leopard lizards

Eastern collared lizard
Crotaphytus collaris

Collared lizards

• Great Basin collared lizard Crotaphytus bicinctores LC
• Eastern collared lizard Crotaphytus collaris LC
• Sonoran collared lizard Crotaphytus nebrius LC
• Reticulate collared lizard Crotaphytus reticulatus VU
• Baja California collared lizard Crotaphytus vestigium LC

Leopard lizards

• Cope’s leopard lizard Gambelia copeii LC
• Blunt-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia sila EN E
• Long-nosed leopard lizard Gambelia wislizenii LC

Family: Iguanidae Iguanas

Common Chuckwalla Sauromalus ater

• Isla San Esteban spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura conspicuosa *
• Sonoran spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura macrolopha *
• Mexican spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura pectinata *
• Gray's spiny-tailed iguana Ctenosaura similis * LC
• Desert iguana Dipsosaurus dorsalis LC
• Green iguana Iguana iguana *

Chuckwallas

• Common chuckwalla Sauromalus ater LC

Family: Phrynosomatidae

Zebratail lizards

• Zebra-tailed lizard Callisaurus draconoides LC

Greater earless lizards

• Greater earless lizard Cophosaurus texanus LC

Lesser earless lizards

• Species split from the spot-tailed earless lizard (Holbrookia lacerata) NT:

• Northern Spot-tailed Earless Lizard Holbrookia lacerata [n 5]
• Southern spot-tailed earless lizard Holbrookia (lacerata) subcaudalis[7][n 4][n 3]

• Species split from the common lesser earless lizard (Holbrookia maculata):

• Common lesser earless lizard Holbrookia maculata LC and:

• Speckled earless lizard Holbrookia (maculata) approximans[8][n 5][n 3] (currently not recognized,[7] split from H. maculata)

• Elegant earless lizard Holbrookia elegans LC

• Keeled earless lizard Holbrookia propinqua LC

Banded rock lizards

• Mearns’s rock lizard Petrosaurus mearnsi LC

Horned lizards

Desert Horned Lizard
Phrynosoma platyrhinos

• Texas horned lizard Phrynosoma cornutum LC and:

• Blainville's horned lizard Phrynosoma blainvillii (formerly in P. cornutum)

• Short-horned lizards (Phrynosoma douglasii species complex):[9]

• Pygmy short-horned lizard Phrynosoma douglasii LC
• Species treated by SSAR as subspecies[3] of the greater short-horned lizard (Phrynosoma hernandesi) LC

• Hernandez’s short-horned lizard Phrynosoma hernandesi[9]
• Plains short-horned lizard Phrynosoma brevirostris[7][9][n 3]
• New Mexico short-horned lizard Phrynosoma ornatissimum[7][9][n 3]
• Baur’s short-horned lizard Phrynosoma bauri[7][9][n 3]
• San Luis Valley short-horned lizard Phrynosoma diminutum[7][9][n 3]

• Desert horned lizard Phrynosoma platyrhinos LC and:

• Goode's horned lizard Phrynosoma goodei (formerly in Phrynosoma platyrhinos)

• Flat-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma mcallii NT
• Round-tailed horned lizard Phrynosoma modestum LC
• Regal horned lizard Phrynosoma solare LC

Spiny lizards

• Dunes sagebrush lizard Sceloporus arenicolus VU
• Desert spiny lizard Sceloporus magister LC and:

• Twin-spotted spiny lizard Sceloporus bimaculosus (formerly in Sceloporus magister)

• Yellow-backed spiny lizard Sceloporus uniformis (formerly in Sceloporus magister)
• Clark's spiny lizard Sceloporus clarkii LC
• Species split from the eastern fence lizard (Sceloporus undulatus) LC:

• Eastern fence lizard Sceloporus undulatus
• Prairie lizard Sceloporus consobrinus
• Southwestern fence lizard Sceloporus cowlesi
• Plateau fence lizard Sceloporus tristichus

• Rough-scaled lizard Sceloporus serrifer LC [7][n 3] and:

• Blue spiny lizard Sceloporus cyanogenys [n 2] (formerly in Sceloporus serrifer LC)

• Common sagebrush lizard Sceloporus graciosus LC and:

• Southern sagebrush lizard Sceloporus (graciosus) vandenburgianus LC [10][n 4][n 3] (split from S. graciosus)

• Graphic spiny lizard Sceloporus grammicus LC
• Yarrow’s spiny lizard Sceloporus jarrovii LC
• Canyon lizard Sceloporus merriami LC
• Western fence lizard Sceloporus occidentalis LC and:

• Island fence lizard Sceloporus (occidentalis) becki[7][n 4][n 3] (split from S. occidentalis)

• Texas spiny lizard Sceloporus olivaceus LC
• Granite spiny lizard Sceloporus orcutti LC
• Crevice spiny lizard Sceloporus poinsettii LC
• Slevin's bunchgrass lizard Sceloporus slevini LC
• Rose-bellied lizard Sceloporus variabilis LC, but only:
  • Texas rose-bellied lizard Sceloporus (variabilis) marmoratus[7][n 4][n 3] (split from S. variabilis)
• Striped plateau lizard Sceloporus virgatus LC
• Florida scrub lizard Sceloporus woodi NT
• Ornate spiny lizard Sceloporus ornatus[7] NT[n 1]

Fringe-toed lizards

• Coachella fringe-toed lizard Uma inornata EN T
• Colorado Desert fringe-toed lizard Uma notata NT and:

• Yuman fringe-toed lizard Uma rufopunctata NT (formerly in U. notata)

• Mohave fringe-toed lizard Uma scoparia LC

Tree and brush lizards

• Long-tailed brush lizard Urosaurus graciosus LC
• Small-scaled lizard Urosaurus microscutatus (formerly merged with U. nigricaudus LC)[3]
• Ornate tree lizard Urosaurus ornatus LC

Side-blotched lizards

• Common sideblotched lizard Uta stansburiana LC

Family: Dactyloidae Anoles

Green anole Anolis carolinensis

Anoles

• Green anole Anolis carolinensis LC
• Hispaniolan green anole Anolis chlorocyanus *
• Large-headed anole Anolis cybotes *
• Knight anole Anolis equestris *
• Cuban green anole Anolis porcatus *
• Crested anole Anolis cristatellus *
• Species split from the bark anole (Anolis distichus):

• Bark anole Anolis distichus * [n 6]
• Anolis (distichus) dominicensis * [7][n 4][n 1]
• Anolis (distichus) ignigularis * [7][n 4][n 1]

• Allison's anole Anolis allisoni * [7][n 1]
• Comb anole Anolis ferreus *
• Jamaican giant anole Anolis garmani *
• Brown anole Anolis sagrei *
• Saint Vincent's bush anole Anolis trinitatis *

Family: Polychrotidae

• Many-colored bush anole Polychrus marmoratus * (probably introduced)[7][n 1]

Family: Corytophanidae Casquehead lizards

• Brown basilisk Basiliscus vittatus *

Family: Leiocephalidae Curly-tailed lizards

• Northern curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus carinatus * LC
• Red-sided curly-tailed lizard Leiocephalus schreibersii * LC

Suborder: Gekkota

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Family: Gekkonidae geckos

Subfamily: Gekkoninae

Texas banded gecko
Coleonyx brevis

• Moorish gecko Tarentola mauritanica * LC
• Ringed wall gecko Tarentola annularis *
• Common house gecko Hemidactylus frenatus * LC
• Indo-Pacific house gecko Hemidactylus garnotii * [n 7]
• Wood slave Hemidactylus mabouia *
• Sri Lankan spotted house gecko Hemidactylus parvimaculatus *
• Asian flat-tailed house gecko Hemidactylus platyurus *
• Mediterranean gecko Hemidactylus turcicus * [3] LC
• Indo-Pacific tree gecko Hemiphyllodactylus typus * [n 7] (Hawaii only)
• Peninsula leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus nocticolus LC
  (sometimes treated as subspecies of the Xantus' leaf-toed gecko Phyllodactylus xanti LC [n 3])
• Reef gecko Sphaerodactylus notatus LC
• Ocellated gecko Sphaerodactylus argus *
• Ashy gecko Sphaerodactylus elegans *
• Gray gecko Sphaerodactylus cinereus[7] VU[n 3]
• Bibron's sand gecko Chondrodactylus bibronii * [1][7][n 3]
• Rough-tailed gecko Cyrtopodion scabrum * LC
• Mutilating gecko Gehyra mutilata * (Hawaii only)
• Golden gecko Gekko badenii' * DD
• Tokay gecko Gekko gecko *
• Yellow-headed gecko Gonatodes albogularis *
• Mourning gecko Lepidodactylus lugubris * [n 7]
• Madagascan giant day gecko Phelsuma grandis * LC
• Orange-spotted day gecko Phelsuma guimbeaui * (Hawaii only)
• Gold dust day gecko Phelsuma laticauda * LC

Subfamily: Eublepharinae

Banded geckos

• Texas banded gecko Coleonyx brevis LC
• Reticulate banded gecko Coleonyx reticulatus LC
• Switak's banded gecko Coleonyx switaki LC
• Western banded gecko Coleonyx variegatus LC

Suborder: Autarchoglossa

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Family: Lacertidae Wall or true lizards

Subfamily: Lacertinae

• Western green lacerta Lacerta bilineata * LC
• Common wall lizard Podarcis muralis * LC
• Italian wall lizard Podarcis siculus * LC

Family: Scincidae Skinks

Subfamily: Scincinae

• Coal skink Plestiodon anthracinus LC
• Mountain skink Plestiodon callicephalus LC
• Mole skink Plestiodon egregius LC (Blue-tailed mole skink P. e. lividus: T)
• Five-lined skink Plestiodon fasciatus LC
• Gilbert’s skink Plestiodon gilberti LC
• Southeastern five-lined skink Plestiodon inexpectatus LC
• Broad-headed skink Plestiodon laticeps LC
• Many-lined skink Plestiodon multivirgatus LC
• Great Plains skink Plestiodon obsoletus LC
• Prairie skink Plestiodon septentrionalis LC
• Western skink Plestiodon skiltonianus LC
• Four-lined skink Plestiodon tetragrammus LC
• Florida sand skink Plestiodon reynoldsi VU T
• Ocellated skink Chalcides ocellatus * [3]

Subfamily: Lygosominae

• Brown mabuya Mabuya multifasciata *
• Little brown skink Scincella lateralis LC
• Pacific snake-eyed skink Cryptoblepharus poecilopleurus * (Hawaii only)
• Copper-tailed skink Emoia cyanura * (Hawaii only)
• Azure-tailed skink Emoia impar * LC (Hawaii only)
• Plague skink Lampropholis delicata * (Hawaii only)
• Moth skink Lipinia noctua * (Hawaii only)
• African five-lined skink Trachylepis quinquetaeniata *

Family: Anguidae

Eastern Glass Lizard
Ophisaurus ventralis

Subfamily: Anguinae

Glass lizards

• Slender glass lizard Ophisaurus attenuatus LC
• Island glass lizard Ophisaurus compressus LC
• Mimic glass lizard Ophisaurus mimicus LC
• Eastern glass lizard Ophisaurus ventralis LC

Subfamily: Gerrhonotinae

Western alligator lizards

• Northern alligator lizard Elgaria coerulea LC
• Madrean alligator lizard Elgaria kingii LC
• Southern alligator lizard Elgaria multicarinata LC
• Panamint alligator lizard Elgaria panamintina VU

Eastern alligator lizards

• Texas alligator lizard Gerrhonotus infernalis LC

Family: Anniellidae American legless lizards

California legless lizards

• Species split from the California legless lizard (Anniella pulchra) LC:

• Temblor legless lizard Anniella alexanderae [3]
• Big Spring legless lizard Anniella campi [3]
• Bakersfield legless lizard Anniella grinnelli [3]
• Northern legless lizard Anniella pulchra [3]
• San Diegan legless lizard Anniella stebbinsi [3]

Family: Helodermatidae Gila monsters

Gila monster at the Bristol Zoo

Gila monster

• Gila monster Heloderma suspectum NT

Family: Teiidae Tegus or whiptails

• Giant ameiva Ameiva ameiva *
• Dusky giant ameiva Ameiva praesignis *
• Species split from the canyon spotted whiptail (Aspidoscelis burti) LC:

• Giant spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis (burti) stictogramma [n 2]
• Red-backed whiptail Aspidoscelis xanthonota [n 2]

• Chihuahuan spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis exsanguis LC [n 7]
• Common spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis gularis LC
• Orange-throated whiptail Aspidoscelis hyperythra LC
• Species split from Aspidoscelis inornata:

• Little striped whiptail Aspidoscelis inornata LC (diploid) and:

• Little white whiptail Aspidoscelis (inornata) gypsi VU [n 8][n 3] (split from A. inornata)
• Pai striped whiptail Aspidoscelis (inornata) pai LC [n 8][n 3] (split from A. inornata)
• Arizona striped whiptail Aspidoscelis (inornata) arizonae NT [n 8][n 3] (split from A. inornata)

• Plateau striped whiptail Aspidoscelis velox LC [n 7](triploid)

• Neaves’ whiptail Aspidoscelis neavesi [3][n 9][n 7]
• Laredo striped whiptail Aspidoscelis laredoensis LC [n 7]
• Marbled whiptail Aspidoscelis marmorata
• Giant whiptail Aspidoscelis motaguae * LC
• New Mexico whiptail Aspidoscelis neomexicana LC [n 7]
• Aspidoscelis tesselata complex:

• Common checkered whiptail Aspidoscelis tesselata LC [n 7](diploid,[3] former A. grahamii[2]) and:

• Gray checkered whiptail Aspidoscelis dixoni NT [2][n 3] (split from A. tesselata)

• Colorado checkered whiptail Aspidoscelis neotesselata NT [n 7](triploid, former A. tesselata[3])

• Plateau spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis scalaris LC
• Six-lined racerunner Aspidoscelis sexlineata LC
• Sonoran spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis sonorae LC [n 7]

• Gila spotted whiptail Aspidoscelis flagellicauda LC [n 7] (sometimes in A. sonorae[7])

• Tiger whiptail Aspidoscelis tigris LC
• Desert grassland whiptail Aspidoscelis uniparens LC [n 7]
• Rainbow whiptail Cnemidophorus lemniscatus *
• Argentine giant tegu Salvator merianae * LC
• Gold tegu Tupinambis teguixin * [3]

Family: Xantusiidae Night lizards

Night lizards

• Species split from the desert night lizard (Xantusia vigilis) LC:

• Desert night lizard Xantusia vigilis
• Arizona night lizard Xantusia arizonae LC
• Sierra night lizard Xantusia sierrae
• Wiggins' night lizard Xantusia wigginsi

• Bezy's night lizard Xantusia bezyi LC
• Sandstone night lizard Xantusia gracilis VU
• Granite night lizard Xantusia henshawi LC
• Island night lizard Xantusia riversiana LC T

Family: Varanidae Monitor lizards

Florida wormlizard Rhineura floridana

• Nile monitor Varanus niloticus *
• Savannah monitor Varanus exanthematicus * [7] LC[n 1]
• Common water monitor Varanus salvator * [7] LC[n 1]

Suborder: Amphisbaenia

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Family: Rhineuridae North American worm lizards

Worm lizards

• Florida wormlizard Rhineura floridana LC

Suborder: Serpentes

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Family: Typhlopidae Blind snakes

• Brahminy blindsnake Indotyphlops braminus * [n 7]

Family: Boidae Boas

Subfamily: Erycinae

Rubber and rosy boas

• Northern rubber boa Charina bottae LC
• Three-lined boa Lichanura trivirgata LC and:

• Rosy boa Lichanura orcutti (formerly in L. trivirgata)

Blind snakes

• Southern rubber boa Charina umbratica

Subfamily: Boinae

Boas

• Boa constrictor Boa constrictor *

Family: Colubridae Colubrids

Subfamily: Colubrinae

Racers

• North American racer Coluber constrictor LC

Whipsnakes

• Sonoran whipsnake Coluber bilineatus LC
• Coachwhip Coluber flagellum LC and:

• Baja California coachwhip Coluber fuliginosus (formerly in C. flagellum)

• Striped racer Coluber lateralis LC (Alameda striped racer C. l. euryxanthus: T)
• Striped Whipsnake Coluber taeniatus LC and:

• Schott’s whipsnake Coluber schotti LC (formerly in C. taeniatus)

Desert rat snakes

• Baja California ratsnake Bogertophis rosaliae LC
• Trans-Pecos ratsnake Bogertophis subocularis LC

Rat snakes and fox snakes

Eastern ratsnake
Pantherophis alleghaniensis

• Species split from the Texas ratsnake (Pantherophis obsoletus) LC:

• Western ratsnake Pantherophis obsoletus
• Eastern ratsnake Pantherophis alleghaniensis
• Gray ratsnake Pantherophis spiloides

• Baird's ratsnake Pantherophis bairdi LC
• Great Plains ratsnake Pantherophis emoryi LC
• Species split from the western foxsnake (Pantherophis vulpinus) LC

• Eastern foxsnake Pantherophis vulpinus including:

• Eastern fox snake Pantherophis (vulpinus) gloydi NT [2][n 3] (currently not recognized)

• Western fox snake Pantherophis ramspotti

• Red cornsnake Pantherophis guttatus LC and:

• Slowinski's cornsnake Pantherophis slowinskii DD (formerly in P. guttatus)

Glossy snakes

Glossy snake Arizona elegans

• Glossy snake Arizona elegans LC

Scarlet snakes

• Scarlet snake Cemophora coccinea LC and:

• Texas scarletsnake Cemophora lineri [3][n 2] (formerly in C. coccinea)

Sand snakes

• Variable sandsnake Sonora straminea,[11][7] syn. Chilomeniscus stramineus[3] LC and:

• Banded sand snake Sonora cincta, syn. Chilomeniscus cinctus [11][7][n 3] (split back from Ch. stramineus)

Ground snake

• Variable Groundsnake Sonora semiannulata[11][7][3] and:

• Southern Texas groundsnake Sonora (semiannulata) taylori[11][7][n 4][n 3] (split from the western groundsnake S. semiannulata)

• Groundsnake Sonora episcopa[11][7][n 3]

Shovel-nosed snakes

• Mohave shovel-nosed snake Sonora occipitalis,[11][7] syn. Chionactis occipitalis[3] LC and:

• Resplendent desert shovel-nosed snake Sonora annulata,[11][7] syn. Chionactis annulata[3] [n 2] (formerly in Ch. occipitalis[3])

• Sonoran shovel-nosed snake Sonora palarostris,[11][7] syn. Chionactis palarostris[3] LC

Indigo snakes

• Eastern indigo snake Drymarchon couperi LC T
• Gulf coast indigo snake Drymarchon kolpobasileus[3]
• Central American indigo snake Drymarchon melanurus LC

Speckled racers

• Speckled racer Drymobius margaritiferus

Mexican hognose snakes

• Tamaulipan hook-nosed snake Ficimia streckeri LC

Plateau hooknose snakes

• Chihuahuan hook-nosed snake Gyalopion canum LC
• Thornscrub hook-nosed snake Gyalopion quadrangulare LC

Night snakes

• Gray-banded kingsnake Lampropeltis alterna LC
• Species split from the yellow-bellied kingsnake (Lampropeltis calligaster) LC:

• Prairie kingsnake Lampropeltis calligaster
• South Florida mole kingsnake Lampropeltis occipitolineata [3][n 2]
• Northern mole kingsnake Lampropeltis rhombomaculata [3][n 2]

Short-tailed snake

• Short-tailed kingsnake Lampropeltis extenuata NT

Kingsnakes

• Species split from the common kingsnake (Lampropeltis getula) LC:

• Eastern kingsnake Lampropeltis getula [3][n 2]
• California Kingsnake Lampropeltis californiae [3][n 2]
• Speckled kingsnake Lampropeltis holbrooki [3][n 2]
• Eastern black kingsnake Lampropeltis nigra [3][n 2]
• Desert kingsnake Lampropeltis splendida [3][n 2]
• Florida kingsnake Lampropeltis floridana [3][n 2]
• Apalachicola kingsnake Lampropeltis meansi [3][n 2]
• Western black kingsnake Lampropeltis nigrita [3][n 2]

• Arizona mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis pyromelana LC and:

• Madrean Mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis (pyromelana) knoblochi (formerly in the Sonoran mountain kingsnake L. pyromelana)

• Species split from the milksnake (Lampropeltis triangulum):

• Eastern milksnake Lampropeltis triangulum [3]
• Scarlet kingsnake Lampropeltis elapsoides [3][n 2]
• Mexican milksnake Lampropeltis (triangulum) annulata [3][n 2]
• Western milksnake Lampropeltis gentilis [3][n 2]

• California mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis zonata LC and:

• Coast mountain kingsnake Lampropeltis (zonata) multifasciata [3][n 2] (formerly in L. zonata)

Rough green snake

Rough Greensnake Opheodrys aestivus

• Rough greensnake Opheodrys aestivus LC

Smooth green snake

• Smooth greensnake Opheodrys vernalis LC

Neotropical vine snakes

• Brown vinesnake Oxybelis aeneus

Leaf-nosed snakes

• Saddled leaf-nosed snake Phyllorhynchus browni LC
• Spotted leaf-nosed snake Phyllorhynchus decurtatus LC

Bull, gopher, and pine snakes

• Gopher snake Pituophis catenifer LC
• Pinesnake Pituophis melanoleucus LC
• Louisiana pine snake Pituophis ruthveni EN

Pine wood snake

• Pine Woods littersnake Rhadinaea flavilata LC

Long-nosed snake

• Long-nosed snake Rhinocheilus lecontei LC

Patch-nosed snakes

• Eastern patch-nosed snake Salvadora grahamiae LC
• Western patch-nosed snake Salvadora hexalepis LC and:

• Big Bend patch-nosed snake Salvadora (hexalepis) deserticola [7][n 4][n 3] (split from S. hexalepis)

Mountain ratsnake

• Green ratsnake Senticolis triaspis LC

Black-headed, flat-headed, and crowned snakes

• Mexican black-headed snake Tantilla atriceps LC
• Southeastern crowned snake Tantilla coronata LC
• Trans-Pecos black-headed snake Tantilla cucullata LC (formerly in T. rubra)
• Flat-headed snake Tantilla gracilis LC
• Smith's black-headed snake Tantilla hobartsmithi LC
• Plains black-headed snake Tantilla nigriceps LC
• Rim rock crowned snake Tantilla oolitica EN
• Western black-headed snake Tantilla planiceps LC
• Florida crowned snake Tantilla relicta LC
• Chihuahuan black-headed snake Tantilla wilcoxi LC
• Yaqui black-headed snake Tantilla yaquia LC

Lyre snakes

• Sonoran lyresnake Trimorphodon lambda
• California lyresnake Trimorphodon lyrophanes
• Texas lyresnake Trimorphodon vilkinsonii LC (formerly in T. biscutatus)

Subfamily: Natricinae

Shovel-nosed snakes

• Kirtland’s snake Clonophis kirtlandii NT

Water snakes

Saltmarsh watersnake Nerodia clarkii

• Saltmarsh snake Nerodia clarkii LC:
  • Gulf saltmarsh watersnake N. c. clarkii
  • Mangrove saltmarsh watersnake N. c. compressicauda
  • Atlantic saltmarsh watersnake N. c. taeniata : T
• Mississippi green watersnake Nerodia cyclopion LC
• Plain-bellied watersnake Nerodia erythrogaster LC
  (Copper-bellied watersnake N. e. neglecta: T)

• Southern watersnake Nerodia fasciata LC:
  • Broad-banded watersnake N. f. confluens
  • Banded watersnake N. f. fasciata
  • Florida watersnake N. f. pictiventris
• Florida green watersnake Nerodia floridana LC
• Brazos River watersnake Nerodia harteri NT
• Concho watersnake Nerodia paucimaculata NT
• Diamond-backed watersnake Nerodia rhombifer LC
• Common watersnake Nerodia sipedon LC
• Brown watersnake Nerodia taxispilota LC

Crayfish snakes

• Graham’s crayfish snake Regina grahamii LC
• Queensnake Regina septemvittata LC

Swampsnakes

• Striped swampsnake Liodytes alleni LC
• Glossy swampsnake Liodytes rigida LC
• Black swampsnake Liodytes pygaea LC

Brown snakes

• Dekay's brown snake Storeria dekayi LC and:

• Florida brown snake Storeria victa [n 2] (formerly in S. dekayi)

• Red-bellied snake Storeria occipitomaculata LC

Garter snakes

• Aquatic gartersnake Thamnophis atratus LC
• Short-headed gartersnake Thamnophis brachystoma LC
• Butler's gartersnake Thamnophis butleri LC
• Sierra gartersnake Thamnophis couchii LC
• Black-necked gartersnake Thamnophis cyrtopsis LC
• Terrestrial gartersnake Thamnophis elegans LC
• Mexican gartersnake Thamnophis eques LC
• Giant gartersnake Thamnophis gigas VU T
• Two-striped gartersnake Thamnophis hammondii LC
• Checkered gartersnake Thamnophis marcianus LC
• Northwestern gartersnake Thamnophis ordinoides LC
• Western ribbonsnake Thamnophis proximus LC
• Plains gartersnake Thamnophis radix LC
• Narrow-headed gartersnake Thamnophis rufipunctatus LC
• Eastern ribbonsnake Thamnophis saurita LC
• Common gartersnake Thamnophis sirtalis LC (San Francisco Gartersnake T. s. tetrataenia: E)

Lined snake

• Lined snake Tropidoclonion lineatum LC

Earth snakes

• Rough earthsnake Haldea striatula LC
• Smooth earthsnake Virginia valeriae LC

Subfamily: Dipsadinae

Sharp-tailed snakes

• Forest sharp-tailed snake
• Common sharp-tailed snake Contia tenuis LC

Night snakes

• Species split from the night snake (Hypsiglena torquata) LC:

• Desert nightsnake Hypsiglena chlorophaea
• Chihuahuan nightsnake Hypsiglena jani
• Coast nightsnake Hypsiglena ochrorhyncha

Cat-eyed snakes

• Northern cat-eyed snake Leptodeira septentrionalis

Subfamily: Xenodontinae

Worm snakes

• Common wormsnake Carphophis amoenus LC
• Western wormsnake Carphophis vermis LC

Black-striped snake

• Regal black-striped snake Coniophanes imperialis LC

Ringneck snake

• Ring-necked snake Diadophis punctatus LC

Mud snake and rainbow snake

• Red-bellied mudsnake Farancia abacura LC
• Rainbow snake Farancia erytrogramma LC

Hog-nosed snakes

• Species split from the western hog-nosed snake (Heterodon nasicus) LC:

• Plains hog-nosed snake Heterodon nasicus [n 2]
• Dusty hog-nosed snake Heterodon gloydi [n 2]
• Mexican hog-nosed snake Heterodon kennerlyi [n 2]

• Eastern hog-nosed snake Heterodon platirhinos LC
• Southern hog-nosed snake Heterodon simus VU

Family: Viperidae

Copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix
camouflaged in dead leaves

Cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus

Western diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox

Texas threadsnake Rena dulcis

Subfamily: Crotalinae

Copperhead and cottonmouth

• Eastern copperhead Agkistrodon contortrix LC and:

• Broad-banded copperhead Agkistrodon laticinctus (formerly in A. contortrix)[3]

• Northern cottonmouth Agkistrodon piscivorus LC and:

• Florida cottonmouth Agkistrodon conanti (formerly in A. piscivorus)[3]

Rattlesnakes

• Eastern diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus adamanteus LC
• Western diamondback rattlesnake Crotalus atrox LC
• Sidewinder Crotalus cerastes LC
• Timber rattlesnake Crotalus horridus LC
• Rock rattlesnake Crotalus lepidus LC
• Species split from the speckled rattlesnake (Crotalus mitchellii):

• Panamint rattlesnake Crotalus stephensi [n 2]
• Southwestern speckled rattlesnake Crotalus pyrrhus[3][7][n 2]

• Species split from the black-tailed rattlesnake (Crotalus molossus) LC:[3]

• Western Black-tailed rattlesnake Crotalus molossus
• Eastern Black-tailed rattlesnake Crotalus ornatus

• Species split from the prairie rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis) LC:

• Prairie rattlesnake Crotalus viridis
• Arizona black rattlesnake Crotalus cerberus
• Species split from the western rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus) LC:

• Northern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus (oreganus) oreganus [n 4]
• Great Basin rattlesnake Crotalus lutosus[7][n 3]
• Midget faded rattlesnake Crotalus (oreganus) concolor[7][n 4][n 3]
• Southern Pacific rattlesnake Crotalus (oreganus) helleri[7][n 4][n 3]

• Twin-spotted rattlesnake Crotalus pricei LC
• Red diamond rattlesnake Crotalus ruber LC
• Mohave rattlesnake Crotalus scutulatus LC
• Tiger rattlesnake Crotalus tigris LC
• Ridge-nosed rattlesnake Crotalus willardi LC
  (New Mexico Ridgenosed Rattlesnake C. w. obscurus': T)

Pigmy rattlesnakes

• Eastern massasauga Sistrurus catenatus LC and:

• Western massasauga Sistrurus tergeminus [3][n 2] (formerly in the massasauga S. catenatus)

• Pygmy rattlesnake Sistrurus miliarius LC

Family: Elapidae

Western coral snake

• Sonoran coral snake Micruroides euryxanthus LC

Eastern coral snake

• Harlequin coral snake Micrurus fulvius LC
• Texas coral snake Micrurus tener LC

Subfamily: Hydrophiinae

Pelagic sea snake

• Yellow-bellied seasnake Hydrophis platurus LC

Family: Leptotyphlopidae Slender blind snakes

Blind snakes

• Texas threadsnake Rena dulcis LC and:

• New Mexico threadsnake Rena dissecta LC (formerly in R. dulcis)

• Western threadsnake Rena humilis LC and:

• Trans-Pecos blind threadsnake Rena (humilis) segrega [7][n 4][n 3] (split from R. humilis)

Family: Acrochordidae File snakes

• Javanese file snake Acrochordus javanicus * LC

Family: Pythonidae Pythons

• Burmese python Python bivittatus * [3] (P. (molurus) bivittatus: VU, introduced to Florida[12])
• Northern African rock python Python sebae * [3]

See also

• List of threatened reptiles and amphibians of the United States
• List of birds of North America
• List of mammals of North America
• List of North American amphibians
• List of U.S. state mammals
• List of U.S. state birds
• U.S. state reptiles
• List of U.S. state amphibians
• Lists of reptiles by region
• Lists of amphibians by region

Notes

1. Species not listed by SSAR[3]
2. Subspecies elevated to full species rank[3]
3. Species not recognized by SSAR[3]
4. Subspecies[3] elevated to full species rank
5. Subspecies elevated to full species rank[7]
6. Additional native status is an unresolved issue[3]
7. Unisexual[3]
8. Subspecies elevated to full species rank[2]
9. A. exsanguis × A. inornata, generated in the laboratory, not known to occur in the wild[3]

References

1. Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names. Brian I. Crother (Committee Chair) (August 2012). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Seventh edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 39 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–92. ISBN 978-0-916984-85-4. Retrieved December 13, 2014.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
2. Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names. Brian I. Crother (Committee Chair) (September 2008). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Sixth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 37 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–84. ISBN 0-916984-74-5. Retrieved December 13, 2014.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
3. Committee On Standard English And Scientific Names. Brian I. Crother (Committee Chair) (September 2017). Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico, with comments regarding confidence in our understanding. Eighth edition. SSAR Herpetological circular No. 43 (PDF). Shoreview, MN: Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR). pp. 1–102. ISBN 9781946681003. Retrieved October 11, 2017.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
4. "Search Results: Reptilia North America 2014-12-13". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3 <www.iucnredlist.org>. IUCN. 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014. Search terms Search by taxonomy: REPTILIA, Search by location: Canada, United States, (Native, Introduced, Vagrant, Uncertain), Refinements : [X] Show regional assessments:, Taxa to show: Species, Subspecies and varieties, Stocks and subpopulation). Downloaded on 12 December 2014
5. "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
6. "Title 50: Wildlife and Fisheries, § 17.11 Endangered and threatened wildlife". US Government Printing Office. Retrieved March 28, 2014.
7. Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hošek, J. (eds.) (2020). "The Reptile Database". Zoological Museum Hamburg. Retrieved 22 July 2020.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
8. Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Jirí Hošek (eds.) (2017). "The Reptile Database". Zoological Museum Hamburg. Retrieved 4 October 2017.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
9. Montanucci, Richard R. (September 11, 2015). "A taxonomic revision of the Phrynosoma douglasii species complex (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. Magnolia Press. 4015: 1–177. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4015.1.1. PMID 26624023. Retrieved 7 October 2017.
10. Hollingsworth, B.; Frost, D.R. & Hammerson, G.A. (2007). "Sceloporus vandenburgianus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2007: e.T64158A12750040. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64158A12750040.en. Retrieved 31 July 2020.
11. Christian L. Cox, Alison R. Davis Rabosky, Iris A. Holmes, Jacobo Reyes-Velasco, Corey E. Roelke, Eric N. Smith, Oscar Flores-Villela, Jimmy A. McGuire and Jonathan A. Campbell (11 April 2018). "Synopsis and taxonomic revision of three genera in the snake tribe Sonorini". Journal of Natural History. 52 (13–16): 945–988. doi:10.1080/00222933.2018.1449912. S2CID 89840792. Retrieved 22 July 2020.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
12. Stuart, B.; Nguyen, T.Q.; Thy, N.; Grismer, L.; Chan-Ard, T.; Iskandar, D.; Golynsky, E. & Lau, M.W.N. (2012). "Python bivittatus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2012: e.T193451A2237271. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2012-1.RLTS.T193451A2237271.en.

Further reading

• Cope, Edward D. (1875). Check-list of North American Batrachia and Reptilia; with a systematic list of the higher groups, and an essay on geographical distribution. Based on the specimens contained in the U. S. National Museum. Bulletin of the United States National Museum. Published under the direction of the Smithionian Institution. Washington: Government Printing Office: Department of the Interior: U.S. National Museum.
• Stejneger, Leonhard; Barbour, Thomas (1917). A check list of North American amphibians and reptiles (PDF). Cambridge, Mass., U.S.A.: Harvard University Press.

External links

• 8th Edition of Scientific and Standard English Names of Amphibians and Reptiles of North America North of Mexico published by the Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR), available on the website of the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists
• Scientific and Common Names of the Reptiles and Amphibians of North America – Explained, Ellin Beltz, 2006
• "SSAR North American Species Names Database". Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles (SSAR).
• The Reptile Database, Uetz, P. and Jirí Hošek (eds.)
• US Fish & Wildlife Service – Species Search, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Reptilia endangered species

• US Fish & Wildlife Service – Endangered Species Program
• NOAA; National Marine Fisheries Service – Endangered Species Act
• The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species