Urosaurus graciosus

The long-tailed brush lizard, Urosaurus graciosus, is a species of lizard in the family Phrynosomatidae. The species is native to the southwestern United States and adjacent northern Mexico.

Urosaurus graciosus
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Order: Squamata
Suborder: Iguania
Family: Phrynosomatidae
Genus: Urosaurus
Species:
U. graciosus
Binomial name
Urosaurus graciosus
Hallowell, 1854
Synonyms[2]
  • Urosaurus graciosus
    Hallowell, 1854
  • Uta graciosa
    Baird, 1859
  • Uta gratiosa
    — Boulenger, 1885
  • Urosaurus ornatus graciosus
    — Mittleman, 1942
  • Urosaurus graciosus
    — H.M. Smith & Taylor, 1950

Habitat and geographic range

U. graciosus occurs in the Mojave Desert and the northwestern Sonoran Desert in the U.S. states of California, Arizona, California, and Nevada, and in the Mexican states of Baja California and Sonora.

Common name

This species received its common name, long-tailed brush lizard, due to its tail, which is more than twice the body length, and due to its almost always being encountered on a tree or shrub.

Behavior

The long-tailed brush lizard's gray or tan coloration keeps it well camouflaged against branches while it waits for insects. Unlike most other phrynosomatid lizards, which bury in the sand at night during warm weather, U. graciosus spends the night on the tips of branches.

Identification

U. graciosus is distinguishable from its close relative the tree lizard, Urosaurus ornatus, by the presence of a tail more than two times its snout-vent length and the absence of a series of smaller scales running down the middle of the band of enlarged dorsal scales. U. graciosus is distinguishable from the black-tailed brush lizard, Urosaurus nigricaudus, by the presence of a tail more than two times its snout-vent length and relatively large dorsal scales transitioning abruptly into granular lateral scales (in U. nigricaudus, the dorsal scales are only slightly enlarged and transition gradually into the granular lateral scales). It is distinguishable from all other brush lizards (Urosaurus) by geography.

Reproduction

U. graciosus is oviparous.[2]

Subspecies

Two subspecies are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.[2]

  • Urosaurus graciosus graciosus Hallowell, 1854
  • Urosaurus graciosus shannoni Lowe, 1955

Etymology

The subspecific name, shannoni, is in honor of American herpetologist Frederick Albert Shannon.[3]

References
  1. Hammerson GA, Frost DR, Gadsden H (2007). "Urosaurus graciosus ". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2007: e.T64171A12750637. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2007.RLTS.T64171A12750637.en. Downloaded on 19 April 2020.
  2. Species Urosaurus graciosus at The Reptile Database The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org.
  3. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). The Eponym Dictionary of Reptiles. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xiii + 296 pp. ISBN 978-1-4214-0135-5. (Urosaurus graciosus shannoni, p. 241).

Further reading
  • Boulenger, George Albert (1885). Catalogue of the Lizards in the British Museum (Natural History). Second Edition. Volume II. Iguanidæ ... London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 497 pp. + Plates I-XXIV. (Uta gratiosa, p. 213).
  • Hallowell, Edward (1854). "Descriptions of new Reptiles from California". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 91–97. (Urosaurus graciosus, new species, pp. 92–93).
  • Lowe, Charles H., Jr. (1955). "A New Subspecies of Urosaurus graciosus Hallowell with a Discussion of Relationships Within and of the genus Urosaurus ". Herpetologica 11 (2): 96–101. (Urosaurus graciosus shannoni, new subspecies).
  • Mittleman, M. B. (1942). "A Summary of the Iguanid Genus Urosaurus ". Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College 91 (1): 105–181 + Plates 1–16. (Urosaurus ornatus graciosus, pp. 144–145 + Plate 7).
  • Reeder, Tod W.; Wiens, John J. (1996). "Evolution of the Lizard Family Phrynosomatidae as Inferred from Diverse Types of Data". Herpetological Monographs 10: 43-84.
  • Stebbins, Robert C. (2003). A Field Guide to Western Reptiles and Amphibians, Third Edition. The Peterson Field Guide Series ®. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. 533 pp., 56 color plates. ISBN 978-0-395-98272-3. (Urosaurus graciosus, pp. 295–296 + Plate 32 + Map 97).
  • Wiens, John J. (1993). "Phylogenetic Systematics of the Tree Lizards (Genus Urosaurus)". Herpetologica 49 (4): 399-420.


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