List of professional sports team owners

This is a list of individuals, groups of individuals, and companies who have owned and operated a professional sports organization. The list is organized first by sport, then by franchise or team, then by owner. If an organization has gone through a significant change (e.g. the team has moved and/or changed names), that information is noted after the years of ownership.

Association football club owners

England

Premier League owners

Arsenal
Aston Villa
Chelsea
Everton
Liverpool
Manchester City
Manchester United
  • Manchester United plc (NYSE : MANU) – The club's holding company, owned by shareholders. The primary owner is:
  • Avram and Joel Glazer (brothers who are co-chairmen, 2014–present)
Newcastle United
Tottenham Hotspur
West Ham United

EFL Championship owners

Fulham
Middlesbrough
  • Steve Gibson (1986–1993 as head of consortium; 1993–present as majority owner)
Reading
Wigan Athletic

EFL League One owners

Sunderland

Italian Serie A owners

La Liga owners

Athletic Bilbao, Osasuna, Barcelona and Real Madrid: these four clubs are not organised as limited companies, but remain as registered associations due to a grandfather clause of the late 1980s. Unlike a limited company, it is not possible to purchase shares in these club, but only membership. Each club member (socio) has a vote to elect democratically the club president and board of directors. The club president cannot invest his own money into the club and the club can only spend what it earns, which is mainly derived through merchandise sales, television rights and ticket sales. This means that each club is owned by its own registered supporters. FC Barcelona has over 150.000 socios, Real Madrid counts over 100.000 socios, Athletic Club over 40.000 and Osasuna over 15.000.

Atlético Madrid: major shareholders are the Gil Marin family which owns 50% of the shares, these used to belong to former club president Jesús Gil y Gil; israeli businessman Idan Ofer, 33%; current president Enrique Cerezo 10% and the chinese Wanda Group a 2%.

Eibar: more than 11.130 shareholders located across 65 countries due to a crowdfunding campaign in 2014. There is no major shareholder with an owenership over 5%.

Real Sociedad: Due to club's statutes no shareholder has vote rights over 2% of the shares.

France

Ligue 1 owners

Bordeaux
Guingamp
Lille
Lorient
  • Loïc Féry
Lyon
Marseille
Monaco
Montpellier
Paris Saint-Germain
Nantes
Rennes
Toulouse

Major League Soccer (MLS) owners

Austin FC
Atlanta United FC
Chicago Fire FC
Colorado Rapids
Columbus Crew SC
D.C. United
FC Cincinnati
FC Dallas
Houston Dynamo FC
Inter Miami CF
Los Angeles FC
LA Galaxy
Minnesota United FC
CF Montréal
Nashville SC
New England Revolution
New York City FC
New York Red Bulls
Orlando City SC
  • Flávio Augusto da Silva – (2013–present)
Philadelphia Union
Portland Timbers
Real Salt Lake
San Jose Earthquakes
Seattle Sounders FC
Sporting Kansas City
Toronto FC
Vancouver Whitecaps FC

Future MLS owners

Charlotte FC
Sacramento Republic FC
St. Louis City SC

National Women's Soccer League (NWSL) owners

Angel City FC (starts play in 2022)
Chicago Red Stars
  • Arnim Whisler (2012–present)[3]
Houston Dash
  • Gabriel Brener, Oscar De La Hoya, Jake Silverstein, Ben Guill (2015–present)[4]
Kansas City
  • Lead investors: Angie and Chris Long; other minority investors including Jen Gulvik and Brittany Matthews (2020–present; starts play in 2021)[5]
North Carolina Courage
OL Reign
Orlando Pride
  • Flávio Augusto da Silva (majority) and Phil Rawlins (minority) (2015–2018)
  • Flávio Augusto da Silva (majority), Phil Rawlins (minority), Albert Friedberg minority (2018–present)[7]
Portland Thorns FC
Racing Louisville FC
Sky Blue FC
  • Phil Murphy (majority), Steven Temares, Thomas Hofstetter (2012–present)[9]
Washington Spirit
  • Bill Lynch (2012–2018)[10]
  • Steve Baldwin (majority) and Bill Lynch (minority) (2018–present)[11]

Greek Superleague owners

Olympiacos
Panathinaikos
PAOK
AEK Athens
Skoda Xanthi
  • Christos Panopoulos

Auto racing owners & team principals

Formula One team principals

(Listed by Constructor)

Ferrari
Haas F1 Team
McLaren
Mercedes Grand Prix
Racing Point F1 Team
Red Bull Racing
Scuderia AlphaTauri
Sauber
Williams Grand Prix Engineering
  • Dorilton Capital 100%

IndyCar Series team owners

A.J. Foyt Enterprises
Andretti Autosport
Arrow McLaren SP
Bryan Herta Autosport
Carlin Motorsport
Chip Ganassi Racing
Dale Coyne Racing
Dreyer & Reinbold Racing
  • Dennis Reinbold – (2000–present)
  • Robbie Buhl – (2000–present)
Ed Carpenter Racing
Juncos Racing
  • Ricardo Juncos – (2017–present)
Michael Shank Racing
Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing
Team Penske

NASCAR Cup Series team owners

23XI Racing
Chip Ganassi Racing with Felix Sabates
Gaunt Brothers Racing
  • Marty Gaunt - (2017–present)
  • Maurice Gaunt - (2017–present)
Front Row Motorsports
  • Bob Jenkins – (2005–present)
Hendrick Motorsports
Joe Gibbs Racing
JTG Daugherty Racing
  • Brad Daugherty – (2007–present)
  • Jodi Geschickter - (1995–present)
  • Tad Geschickter – (1995–present)
Premium Motorsports
  • Jay Robinson - (2000–present)
Penske Racing
Richard Childress Racing
Richard Petty Motorsports
  • Boston Ventures (minority interests) – (2009–2010)
  • Richard Petty (minority interests) – (2009–present)
  • Andrew M. Murstein (main interests) – (2010–present)
Roush Fenway Racing
Spire Motorsports
StarCom Racing
  • Derrike Cope - (2017–present)
  • Matthew Kohler - (2017–present)
  • Michael Kohler - (2017–present)
  • William Woehlemann - (2017–present)
Stewart Haas Racing
Trackhouse Racing Team
Wood Brothers Racing

Baseball franchise owners

Major League Baseball owners

Arizona Diamondbacks
Atlanta Braves
Baltimore Orioles
Boston Red Sox
Chicago Cubs
Chicago White Sox
Cincinnati Reds
Cleveland Indians
Colorado Rockies
Detroit Tigers
Houston Astros
Kansas City Royals
Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim
Los Angeles Dodgers
Miami Marlins
Milwaukee Brewers
Minnesota Twins
New York Mets
New York Yankees
Oakland Athletics
Philadelphia Phillies
Pittsburgh Pirates
San Diego Padres
San Francisco Giants
Seattle Mariners
St. Louis Cardinals
Tampa Bay Rays
Texas Rangers
Toronto Blue Jays
Washington Nationals

Nippon Professional Baseball owners

In Japanese baseball, teams are traditionally owned by companies and bear that company's name. Only one team in recent years has not borne a corporate name—the Yokohama BayStars went without a corporate name from 1993 through 2011 because its owner chose not to attach its name to the team. The company identifier is indicated in bold type in the owner list.

Chiba Lotte Marines
Chunichi Dragons
Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks
Hanshin Tigers
Hiroshima Toyo Carp
  • Matsuda family (the founding family of Mazda — about 60%); Mazda (34.2%); other minority shareholders
    • The "Toyo" name comes from the former corporate name of Mazda, Toyo Kogyo.
Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters
  • Senators (1946) – Did not use a corporate name. Owned by retired Japanese statesman Kinkazu Saionji.
  • Tokyu Flyers (1947) – Tokyu Corporation (100%)
  • Kyuei Flyers (1948) – Tokyu and Daiei (50-50)
  • Tokyu Flyers (1949–1953) – Tokyu (100%)
  • Toei Flyers (1954–1972) – Toei Company
  • Nittaku Home Flyers (1973) – Not directly owned by a corporation, but bore a corporate name nonetheless. The team was owned that season by Akitaka Nishimura, owner of Nittaku Home.
  • Nippon-Ham Fighters (1974–2003), Hokkaido Nippon-Ham Fighters (2004–present) – Nippon Ham
Orix Buffaloes
Saitama Seibu Lions
Tohoku Rakuten Golden Eagles
Tokyo Yakult Swallows
  • Kokutetsu Swallows (1950–1965) – Japanese National Railways, known as Kokutetsu in Japanese
  • Sankei Swallows (brief period in 1965) – Sankei Shimbun
  • Sankei Atoms (1965–1968) – Sankei Shimbun
  • Atoms (1969) – Sankei Shimbun (chose to drop its corporate name from the team)
  • Yakult Atoms (1970–1973), Yakult Swallows (1974–2005), Tokyo Yakult Swallows (2006–present) – Yakult
Yokohama DeNA BayStars
  • Taiyō Whales (1950–52) – Taiyō Fishing Company (100%)
  • Taiyō-Shōchiku Robins (1953) – Taiyō and Shōchiku (50-50)
  • Yō-Shō Robins (1954) – Tai and Shōchiku (50-50)
  • Taiyō Whales (1954–1977), Yokohama Taiyō Whales (1978–1992) – Taiyō (100%)
  • Yokohama BayStars (1993–2011) – Taiyō changed its name to Maruha Corporation, and chose to drop its corporate name from the team.
  • Yokohama DeNA BayStars (2012–present) – DeNA
Yomiuri Giants

Basketball team owners

National Basketball Association owners

Atlanta Hawks
Boston Celtics
Brooklyn Nets
  • Arthur Brown (1967–1969)
  • Roy Boe (1969–1978) (New York Nets/New Jersey Nets)
  • The "Secaucus Seven", a group of local New Jersey businessmen led by Jay Taub and Alan Cohen (1978–1998)
  • Local real estate developers Raymond Chambers and Lewis Katz (1998–1999)
  • YankeeNets, a joint venture between Chambers and Katz, and New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner (1999–2003)
  • Bruce Ratner (principal owner 2003–2010), Shawn Carter (aka Jay-Z) and other minority owners
  • Mikhail Prokhorov (principal owner 2010–2019)
    • Jay-Z sold his interest (less than 1%) in 2013 so that his management company, Roc Nation Sports, could represent NBA players.
    • In October 2017, billionaire businessman Joseph Tsai announced he agreed to buy a 49% stake in the Nets from Prokhorov. At the time, Tsai also took an option to buy the remaining 51% of the team no later than October 2021.
  • Joseph Tsai (2019–present) – Tsai exercised his option to buy Prokhorov's share of the Nets in August 2019, and the sale closed the next month.
Charlotte Hornets
Chicago Bulls
Cleveland Cavaliers
Dallas Mavericks
Denver Nuggets
  • Red McCombs (1978–1985)
  • Sidney Shlenker (1985–1989)
  • Peter Bynoe, Bertram Lee, and Comsat Video Enterprises (1989–1997)
  • Liberty Media (1997–2000)
  • Kroenke Sports & Entertainment (2000–present)
    • Stan Kroenke, previously a minority owner of the NFL's Rams, acquired full ownership in 2010. Under the NFL's then-current cross-ownership rules, principal team owners were prohibited from owning controlling interests in teams in any other professional sport (except soccer) in a different NFL market. From late 2010 until the cross-ownership ban was permanently lifted in October 2018, his wife Ann Walton Kroenke technically held a controlling interest in order to comply with these rules; their son Josh runs the team's day-to-day affairs.[17]
Detroit Pistons
Golden State Warriors
Houston Rockets
Indiana Pacers
Los Angeles Clippers
Los Angeles Lakers
Memphis Grizzlies
Miami Heat
Milwaukee Bucks
Minnesota Timberwolves
New Orleans Pelicans
  • George Shinn (100%, 1988–2007; Charlotte/New Orleans Hornets)
  • George Shinn (75%) and Gary Chouest (25%) (2007–2010)
  • National Basketball Association (2010–2012) — The NBA purchased the team in December 2010 after a planned sale of Shinn's interest to Chouest fell through.
  • Tom Benson (2012–2018)[21]
  • Gayle Benson (2018–present)
    • Gayle Benson is also the owner of the NFL's New Orleans Saints. At the time of Tom Benson's death, NFL rules allowed team owners to own teams in other sports if the other team(s) were in the same media market. In 2013, Gayle's late predecessor and husband Tom Benson announced that the New Orleans Hornets would permanently change their team nickname to the Pelicans.
New York Knicks
Oklahoma City Thunder
Orlando Magic
  • William du Pont III, Jim L. Hewit, and Robert Hewitt (1989–1991)
  • Richard DeVos (1991–present)[22]
Philadelphia 76ers
Phoenix Suns
Portland Trail Blazers
  • Herman Sarkowsky, Robert Schmertz, and Larry Weinberg (1970–1972)
  • Herman Sarkowsky & Larry Weinberg (1972–1975)
  • Larry Weinberg (1975–1988)
  • Paul Allen (1988–2018)
  • Estate of Paul Allen (2018–present)
    • From 1997 to 2018, Paul Allen was also the principal owner of the NFL's Seattle Seahawks. At the time he purchased the Seahawks in 1997, the NFL had a blanket prohibition of cross-ownership (apart from soccer), but the league soon modified the rule to allow NFL owners to own teams in other leagues under either of the following conditions:
      • The other team is in the same market as the owner's NFL team.
      • The other team is in a market without an NFL team, as is the case with Portland.
Sacramento Kings
  • Gregg Lukenbill and Joe Benvenuti (1985–1992)
  • Jim Thomas (1992–1999)
  • Maloof family (53%), Bob Hernreich (12%), and other minority investors (operated by George, Joe and Gavin Maloof) (1999–2013)
  • Vivek Ranadive (2013–present)
San Antonio Spurs
Toronto Raptors
Utah Jazz
  • Sam Battistone (1974–1985), New Orleans/Utah Jazz
  • Sam Battistone and Larry Miller (50-50, 1985–1986)
  • Larry Miller (100%, 1986–2009)
  • Greg Miller and Gail Miller (2009–present)
Washington Wizards

Women's National Basketball Association owners

Atlanta Dream
  • Ron Terwilliger (2008–2009)
  • Kathy Betty (2010)
  • Dream Too LLC, composed of Mary Brock and Kelly Loeffler (2011–present); team for sale as of January 2021
Chicago Sky
Connecticut Sun
Dallas Wings
Indiana Fever
Las Vegas Aces
Los Angeles Sparks
Minnesota Lynx
New York Liberty
Phoenix Mercury
Seattle Storm
Washington Mystics

National Basketball League (Australia) owners

Adelaide 36ers
  • Grant Kelley (March 2017–present)
Illawarra Hawks
Perth Wildcats

Gridiron football franchise owners

National Football League owners

Arizona Cardinals
  • Chris O'Brien (1898–1929) — Morgan Athletic Club (Chicago, 1898–1899?), Racine Normals (still in Chicago, 1899?–1901), Racine Cardinals (1901–1921), Chicago Cardinals (1922–1929)
  • Dr. David Jones (1929–1933)
  • Charles Bidwill (1933–1947)
  • Violet Bidwill Wolfner (1947–1962) — Chicago/St. Louis Cardinals
  • Bill Bidwill and Charles Bidwill, Jr. (1962–1972)
  • Bill Bidwill (1972–2019) — St. Louis/Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals
  • Michael Bidwill (2019–present)
Atlanta Falcons
Baltimore Ravens
Buffalo Bills
Carolina Panthers
Chicago Bears
Cincinnati Bengals
  • The Brown family:
    • Paul – (1968–1991)
    • Mike – (1991–present)
Cleveland Browns
Dallas Cowboys
Denver Broncos
Detroit Lions
Green Bay Packers
Houston Texans
Indianapolis Colts
  • Carroll Rosenbloom – (1953–1972)
  • The Irsay family – (1972–present)
    • Robert (1972–1997) — Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts
    • Jim (1997–present)
Jacksonville Jaguars
Kansas City Chiefs
  • The Hunt family – (1959–present)
    • Lamar (1960–2006) — Dallas Texans/Kansas City Chiefs
    • Family, led by son Clark – (2006–present)
Las Vegas Raiders
  • Limited partnership led by Y. Charles (Chet) Soda – (1959–1960)
  • F. Wayne Valley and Ed McGah – (1961–1966)
  • Valley, McGah and Al Davis – (1966–1976)
  • Al Davis and McGah (1976–1983) – Oakland/Los Angeles Raiders
  • Al Davis (1983–2011) — Los Angeles/Oakland Raiders
  • Mark and Carol Davis – (2011–present) – Oakland/Las Vegas Raiders

Note: This list reflects the actual control of the franchise. The ownership structure is considerably more complicated. Notably, it was reported that Al Davis owned only a 47% stake in the team when he died in 2011, although he exercised near-total control as the president of the team's general partner. His widow Carol and son Mark inherited his interest in the team, with Mark exercising day-to-day control. See the relevant section of the team article for more details.

Los Angeles Chargers
Los Angeles Rams
Miami Dolphins
Minnesota Vikings
  • Bill Boyer, H. P. Skoglund, Max Winter, Bernie Ridder, and Ole Haugsrud – (1960–1973)
  • Skoglund, Winter, Ridder, Haugsrud and Boyer family – (1973–1976)
  • Skoglund, Winter, Ridder, and Boyer family – (1976–1977)
  • Winter, Skoglund family and Boyer family – (1977–1988)
  • Skoglund family, Winter, Boyer family, Carl Pohlad, and Irwin Jacobs – (1988–1991)
  • Roger Headrick and nine equal partners – (1991–1998)
  • Red McCombs – (1998–2005)
  • Zygi Wilf and family – (2005–present)
New England Patriots
New Orleans Saints
New York Giants
  • The Mara Family – (1925–present; 100 percent ownership, 1925–1991, 50 percent ownership since 1991)
    • Tim J. – (1925–1959)
    • Jack – (1930–1965)
    • Wellington – (1930–2005)
    • Tim – (1965–1991)
    • John – (2005–present)
  • The Tisch Family – (1991–present; 50 percent ownership)
New York Jets
  • Harry Wismer (1959–1963) — New York Titans
  • Sonny Werblin, Leon Hess, Donald C. Lillis, Townsend B. Martin, Philip H. Iselin – (1963–1968)
  • Leon Hess, Donald C. Lillis, Townsend B. Martin, Philip H. Iselin – (1968)
  • Leon Hess, Townsend B. Martin, Philip H. Iselin – (1968–1976)
  • Leon Hess, Townsend B. Martin – (1976–1981)
  • Leon Hess – (1981–1999)
  • Estate of Leon Hess – (1999–2000)
  • Woody Johnson – (2000–present)
Philadelphia Eagles
Pittsburgh Steelers
  • The Rooney family:
San Francisco 49ers
  • Tony Morabito, Victor Morabito, Allen E. Sorrell and E.J. Turre – (1946)
  • Tony and Victor Morabito – (1947–1953)
  • Morabito, Morabito, and Al Ruffo – (1953–1957)
  • Josephine Morabito, Victor Morabito, and Ruffo – (1957–1964)
  • Josephine Morabito, Elizabeth Morabito, and Ruffo – (1964–1977)
  • Eddie DeBartolo, Jr. and Denise DeBartolo York – (1977–2000)
  • Denise DeBartolo York and John York – (2000–present)
Seattle Seahawks
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Tennessee Titans
  • Kenneth S. Adams, Jr. family – (1959–present)
    • Kenneth S., Jr. (Bud) (1959–2013) — Houston/Tennessee Oilers, Tennessee Titans
    • Amy Adams Strunk, Kenneth Adams IV, Barclay Adams, Thomas and Susie Smith – (2013–2020)
    • Amy Adams Strunk (50%), Kenneth Adams IV, Barclay Adams and Susan Lewis (50%) – (2020–present)
Washington Football Team

Canadian Football League owners

BC Lions
Calgary Stampeders
Edmonton Football Team
Hamilton Tiger-Cats
Montreal Alouettes
Ottawa Redblacks
  • Ottawa Sports and Entertainment Group
    (Jeff Hunt, chairman) (2012–present)
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Toronto Argonauts
Winnipeg Blue Bombers

Hockey franchise owners

National Hockey League owners

Anaheim Ducks
Arizona Coyotes
Boston Bruins
Buffalo Sabres
Calgary Flames
Carolina Hurricanes
  • Howard Baldwin, Don Conrad and 14 other Hartford based partners 1979-1988 (in Hartford)
  • Richard Gordon and Don Conrad 1988-1989 (in Hartford)
  • Richard Gordon, and Colonial Whalers (Benjamin J. Sisti, Johnathan N. Googel and Frank Shuch) 1989-1992 (in Hartford)
  • Richard Gordon 1992-1994 (in Hartford)
  • Peter Karmanos, Jr. 1994–2018 (Hartford Whalers/Carolina Hurricanes)
  • Thomas Dundon 2018–present
Chicago Blackhawks
Colorado Avalanche
Columbus Blue Jackets
  • The McConnell Family 2000present
Dallas Stars
Detroit Red Wings
Edmonton Oilers
Florida Panthers
Los Angeles Kings
Minnesota Wild
Montreal Canadiens
Nashville Predators
New Jersey Devils
New York Islanders
New York Rangers
Ottawa Senators
Philadelphia Flyers
Pittsburgh Penguins
San Jose Sharks
St. Louis Blues
Tampa Bay Lightning
Toronto Maple Leafs
Vancouver Canucks
Vegas Golden Knights
Washington Capitals
Winnipeg Jets

Future NHL Owners

Seattle Kraken

Rugby League Football club owners

National Rugby League owners

Brisbane Broncos
Melbourne Storm
Newcastle Knights
  • Wests Leagues Club (Newcastle)
South Sydney Rabbitohs

Super League owners

Rugby Union Football club owners

Aviva Premiership (England)

Bath
Bristol
Gloucester
  • Owned by a large number of investors until 1997
  • Tom Walkinshaw (1997–2010)
    • Martin St Quinton (minority interest, 2008–2016)
  • Ryan Walkinshaw (majority interest, December 2010–February 2016)
  • Martin St Quinton (majority interest, February 2016–present)
Newcastle Falcons
  • John Hall (1996–1999)
  • Dave Thompson (1999–present)
Sale Sharks
Wasps
  • Steve Hayes (??–2013)
  • Derek Richardson and minority investors (2013–present)

Guinness Pro14

Aironi (operated from 2010–12; now defunct)
Benetton Rugby
Cardiff Blues
Cheetahs (joined in 2017)
  • Free State Rugby Union
Connacht, Leinster, Munster and Ulster
  • All are owned and operated by the respective provincial branches of the Irish Rugby Football Union, the sport's governing body throughout the island of Ireland.
Dragons
Edinburgh Rugby and Glasgow Warriors
Ospreys
Scarlets
Southern Kings (joined in 2017)
  • Eastern Province Rugby Union
Zebre (took Aironi's place in the league in 2012)

Top 14 and Pro D2 (France)

Brive
  • Daniel Derichebourg[35]
    • Derichebourg has put the club up for sale.
Castres
Montpellier
Perpignan
Racing 92
  • Jacky Lorenzetti[38]
Stade Français
Toulon

Cricket club Owners

Indian Premier League owners

Kolkata Knight Riders
Chennai Super Kings
  • Varun Manian (India Cements)
Delhi Daredevils
Kings XI Punjab
Mumbai Indians
Rajasthan Royals
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Sunrisers Hyderabad

References

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  2. "Angel City Confirms Name as Angel City Football Club and Officially Joins National Women's Soccer League" (Press release). National Women’s Soccer League. October 21, 2020. Retrieved October 21, 2020.
  3. Herrera, Sandra (2018-03-09). "Independently Chicago: One-On-One With Red Stars Owner Arnim Whisler". Hot Time In Old Town. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  4. "MLS: Brener is new Dynamo majority owner". ESPN.com. 2015-12-16. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  5. "Kansas City Returns to the NWSL as Expansion Team in 2021" (Press release). National Women's Soccer League. December 7, 2020. Retrieved December 10, 2020.
  6. Editors, Soccer Stadium Digest (2017-01-10). "New for 2017: North Carolina Courage". Soccer Stadium Digest. Retrieved 2019-03-09.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link)
  7. "Orlando City owner sells minority stake". ESPN.com. 2018-03-28. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  8. Oregonlive.Com (2012-12-15). "What they're saying about Portland Thorns FC crest and team name (links)". oregonlive.com. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  9. "Reports: Phil Murphy's soccer team struggles with poor management, housing and facilities". North Jersey. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
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  11. October 10; 2018. "Washington Spirit Owner May Sell Majority Stake In NWSL Club". sportsbusinessdaily.com. Retrieved 2019-03-09.CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  12. "Aaron Cushman". http://media.illinois.edu. Archived from the original on 2012-12-10. Retrieved 2011-03-01. External link in |publisher= (help)
  13. Futterman, Matthew (March 29, 2012). "$2 Billion Dodgers Price Tag Shatters Records". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  14. "Yankees Timeline". Major League Baseball. Retrieved 2007-06-18. May 21, 1922: Col. Ruppert buys out Col. Huston for $1.5 million.
  15. "Celtics' owner dispute is more confused than ever". The Tuscaloosa News. July 22, 1974. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  16. "New Owner But Red Is Still Boss of Celts". Lewiston Evening Journal. Jan 14, 1975. Retrieved 2010-03-14.
  17. "Kroenke designs 2-team L.A. stadium". ESPN.com. March 22, 2015. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
  18. "Magic Johnson sells Lakers shares". ESPN.com. 2010-10-18. Retrieved 2010-10-19.
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  20. Wojnarowski, Adrian; Schefter, Adam (January 22, 2020). "Cardinals WR Larry Fitzgerald buys share of Suns". ESPN.com. Retrieved January 22, 2020.
  21. "Tom Benson agrees to buy Hornets". ESPN.com. April 14, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  22. "N.B.A. Orlando Team Sold". New York Times. September 20, 1991. Retrieved May 31, 2013.
  23. "Los Angeles Sparks 2012 Media Guide" (PDF). Los Angeles Sparks. p. 7. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-10-23. Retrieved 2013-04-25.
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  25. "Storm founder Ginger Ackerley dies at 79". The Seattle Times. January 5, 2018. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  26. Payne, Patti (January 5, 2018). "Former SuperSonics owner, Storm founder Ginger Ackerley has died". BizJournals. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  27. "Schultz withdraws lawsuit on sale of Sonics". The Seattle Times. August 29, 2008. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  28. Glass, Alana (September 8, 2011). "The Female Entrepreneurs Who Are The Seattle Storm's Driving Force". Forbes. Retrieved 29 August 2018.
  29. Yasinskas, Pat (2009-12-17). "Dunn to own piece of Falcons". ESPN.com. Retrieved 2009-12-17.
  30. http://www.planetrugby.com/story/0,25883,16024_6010504,00.html Archived 2011-09-26 at the Wayback Machine
  31. http://rugby1823.blogosfere.it/2010/06/super-10-e-alla-fine-fu-granducato-parma-rugby.html
  32. http://www.sportparma.com/rugby_sport_parma/5924-Rugby-Parma-Noceto-storia-infinita.html
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  34. Moriarty, Ian (2009-11-11). "French rugby heading for crisis". Scrum.com. Retrieved 2009-11-12.
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  39. Coudry, Arnaud (24 May 2017). "Savare a tranché : Wild sera le nouveau propriétaire du Stade Français" [Savare has decided: Wild will be the new owner of Stade Français]. Le Figaro (in French). Retrieved 26 August 2017.
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