List of power stations in Hawaii

This is a list of electricity-generating power stations in the U.S. state of Hawaii, sorted by type and name. In 2019, Hawaii had a total summer capacity of 2,962 MW through all of its power plants, and a net generation of 9,750 GWh.[2] The corresponding electrical energy generation mix was 72.2% petroleum-derived fuels, 13.4% coal, 5.4% wind, 3.0% biomass, 2.7% solar, 2.3% non-biogenic waste, and 1.0% hydroelectric.[1] Hawaii's one geothermal plant, which previously supplied about 2% of the state's and 10% of The Big Island's electricity, was offline during 2019 to repair damage from the 2018 lower Puna eruption.[3]

Sources of Hawaii's utility-scale electricity generation:
full-year 2019 [1]

  Coal (13.4%)
  Petroleum (72.2%)
  Hydroelectric (1.0%)
  Wind (5.4%)
  Biomass (3.0%)
  Solar (2.7%)
  Geothermal (0.0%)
  Non-Biogenic Waste (2.3%)

Small-scale distributed solar including customer-owned photovoltaic panels delivered an additional 1,112 GWh to the six separate electrical grids serving Hawaii's major islands in 2019.[1] This was more than four times greater than the amount generated by the state's utility-scale photovoltaic plants, and enabled solar energy to account for three-fifths of Hawaii's overall electricity generation by renewables. The state's renewable portfolio standard is the most ambitious in the U.S. at 30% of capacity by 2020, ramping to 100% by 2045. The large dependence on imported petroleum liquids contributes to Hawaii having the highest average retail electricity prices of any U.S. state.[3]

Fossil-fuel power stations

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.[4]

Coal
NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		TechnologyYear
Opened		Scheduled
Retirement		Refs
AES Hawaii Power PlantHonolulu County
(near Kalaeloa)		21°18′12″N 158°06′22″W203Steam Turbine[A]19922022-09[5]

A AES primarily burns sub-bituminous and/or bituminous coal which may be supplemented with minor quantities of refuse-derived sources, such as old tires and used motor oil.[6][7][8]

Petroleum
NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		TechnologyYear
Opened		Refs
Campbell Industrial ParkHonolulu County21°18′09″N 158°06′06″W113Simple Cycle[A]2009
Gay RobinsonKauai County21°55′04″N 159°37′46″W1.0Reciprocating Engine (x2)2010
Hamakua Energy PlantHawaii County20°05′38″N 155°28′16″W662x1 Combined Cycle2000
Hana SubstationMaui County20°45′57″N 155°59′46″W2.0Reciprocating Engine (x2)2001
Hawaii CogenHonolulu County21°18′42″N 158°06′50″W12.2Simple Cycle (x4)1990/2011
KaheHonolulu County21°21′23″N 158°07′44″W609.7Steam Turbine (x6)1963-1981
KahuluiMaui County20°53′49″N 156°27′46″W34Steam Turbine (x4)1954-1966
Kalaeloa Cogen PlantHonolulu County21°18′08″N 158°05′47″W299.42x1 Combined Cycle1989/1991
KanoelehuaHawaii County19°42′19″N 155°03′45″W21Simple Cycle,
Reciprocating Engine		1962,
1972
Kapaia Power Station
(KIUC)		Kauai County21°59′47″N 159°22′33″W39.1Simple Cycle[B]2002[9][10]
KeaholeHawaii County19°43′54″N 156°01′42″W89.1Reciprocating Engine (x3),
Simple Cycle,
2x1 Combined Cycle		1984/1988,
1989,
2004/2009
MaalaeaMaui County20°48′04″N 156°29′35″W229.8Reciprocating Engine (x15),
2x1 Combined Cycle (x2)		1971-1989,
1993/2006
Miki BasinMaui County20°47′24″N 156°56′03″W10.2Reciprocating Engine (x8)1990/1996
Palaau Power HybridMaui County21°06′22″N 157°03′53″W14Reciprocating Engine (x9),
Simple Cycle		1985-1996,
Port AllenKauai County21°53′59″N 159°35′06″W99.5Reciprocating Engine (x9),
Steam Turbine,
Simple Cycle (x2)		1964-1991,
1969,
1973/1977		[11]
PunaHawaii County19°37′54″N 155°01′53″W39.1Steam Turbine,
Simple Cycle		1988,
1992
Tesoro HawaiiHonolulu County21°18′12″N 158°05′29″W20Simple Cycle1982
WaiauHonolulu County21°23′20″N 157°57′41″W474.6Steam Turbine (x6),
Simple Cycle (x2)		1947-1968,
1973
WaimeaHawaii County20°01′31″N 155°41′44″W7.5Reciprocating Engine (x3)1970/1972
W H HillHawaii County19°42′15″N 155°03′39″W37.1Reciprocating Engine (x3)1965/1974

A Campbell burned biomass liquids exclusively from 2011 to 2017 and shifted to primarily burn distillate fuel oil by 2019.[12]
B Kapaia station's GE LM2500 gas turbine primarily burned jet fuel from its commissioning until 2008 and has since shifted to burn a mixture of other petroleum distillates.[13]

Natural gas

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants primarily fueled by fossil gas in 2019.

Renewable power stations

Data from the U.S. Energy Information Administration serves as a general reference.[4]

Biomass and municipal waste
NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		Primary FuelTechnologyYear
Opened		Refs
Biomass to Energy Facility, KauaiKauai County21°57′55″N 159°27′38″W6.7biofuel,
wood		Reciprocating Engine (x2),
Steam Turbine		2014,
2016		[14]
H PowerHonolulu County21°18′00″N 158°05′55″W97.3Municipal Solid Waste
(biogenic and non-biogenic)		Steam Turbine (x2)1989/2013[15]
HNL Emergency Power Facility
Daniel K. Inouye International Airport		Honolulu County21°20′11″N 157°55′10″W10biofuelReciprocating Engine (x4)2017[16]
Schofield Generating StationHonolulu County21°28′43″N 158°03′29″W50.4biofuelReciprocating Engine (x6)2018[17]

Geothermal
NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		TechnologyYear
Opened		Refs
Puna Geothermal Venture IHawaii County19°28′44″N 154°53′18″W46Flash Steam Cycle (x10),
Binary Cycle (x2)		1992,
2012

A The plant was shut down shortly after the start of the May 2018 lower Puna eruption.[18][19]

Hydroelectric
NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		Number of
Turbines		Year
Opened		Refs
Gay RobinsonKauai County21°55′04″N 159°37′46″W8.721982/2019
Kaheka HydroMaui County20°53′19″N 156°21′25″W4.531925
Kalaheo HydroKauai County21°56′10″N 159°31′44″W2.012016
Paia Hydroelectric PlantMaui County20°53′12″N 156°20′16″W1.311912
PuueoHawaii County19°43′35″N 155°05′27″W3.121918/2005[20]
Waiau HydroHawaii County19°43′13″N 155°07′08″W1.021921/1928[20]
Wailuku River HydroelectricHawaii County19°42′47″N 155°08′55″W10.421993[20]
Wainiha HydroKauai County22°11′47″N 159°33′22″W3.621906/2010

Solar photovoltaic
See also: Solar power in Hawaii
NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MWAC)		Year
Opened		Refs
Aloha Solar Energy Fund 1 PK1Honolulu County21°24′25″N 158°09′05″W5.02017
EE Waianae Solar ProjectHonolulu County21°27′07″N 158°11′16″W27.62017
Kalaeloa Renewable Energy ParkHonolulu County21°19′41″N 158°02′24″W5.02014
Kalaeloa Solar TwoHonolulu County21°19′12″N 158°05′13″W5.02012
Kapaa Photovoltaic ProjectKauai County22°04′49″N 159°19′54″W1.02010
Kapolei Solar Energy ParkHonolulu County21°19′16″N 158°07′03″W1.02012
Kawailoa SolarHonolulu County21°37′26″N 158°03′18″W492019
Kekaha SolarKauai County22°00′02″N 159°45′44″W142019
Kihei Solar FarmMaui County20°47′37″N 156°26′02″W2.92018
KIUC Kapaia PVKauai County21°59′50″N 159°22′45″W132017[21]
KRS I Anahola Solar HybridKauai County22°07′54″N 159°18′11″W122015[22]
KRS II Koloa SolarKauai County21°54′03″N 159°27′00″W122014
Ku'ia SolarMaui County20°53′10″N 156°39′28″W2.92018
Lanai Solar-Electric PlantMaui County20°46′00″N 156°55′24″W1.22008
Lanikuhana Solar LLCHonolulu County21°25′43″N 158°01′25″W14.72019
Lawai Solar HybridKauai County21°54′30″N 159°29′31″W202018[23]
Pearl City Peninsula Solar ParkHonolulu County21°22′32″N 157°58′05″W1.02012
Port Allen SolarKauai County21°54′07″N 159°34′54″W6.02012
Waihonu North SolarHonolulu County21°28′14″N 158°00′48″W5.02016
Waihonu South SolarHonolulu County21°28′08″N 158°00′59″W1.52016
Waipio SolarHonolulu County21°27′22″N 157°58′55″W49.92019
West Loch Solar OneHonolulu County21°20′25″N 158°00′54″W202019

Wind
See also: Wind power in Hawaii
NameLocationCoordinatesCapacity
(MW)		Number of
Turbines		Year
Opened		Refs
Auwahi Wind Energy HybridMaui County20°35′46″N 156°19′05″W2482012
Hawi Wind FarmHawaii County20°15′26″N 155°51′01″W10.6162006
Kaheawa Pastures Wind FarmMaui County20°48′51″N 156°33′04″W30202006
Kaheawa Wind Power IIMaui County20°47′41″N 156°32′10″W21142012
Kahuku Wind PowerHonolulu County21°40′52″N 157°58′30″W30122011
Kawailoa WindHonolulu County21°36′37″N 158°02′27″W69302012
Pakini Nui Wind FarmHawaii County18°58′27″N 155°41′29″W21142007

Nuclear power stations

Hawaii had no utility-scale power plants fueled by fissile material in 2019

Battery storage facilities
NameLocationCoordinatesDischarge
Capacity
(MW)		Storage
Capacity[A]
(MWh)		Year
Opened		Refs
Anahola Solar HybridKauai County22°07′54″N 159°18′11″W64.62015[22]
Auwahi Wind Storage
(A123 BESS)		Maui County20°35′46″N 156°19′05″W114.42012[24]
Campbell Industrial Park BESSHonolulu County
(Kapolei)		21°18′23″N 158°06′18″W1.00.252016[25]
Hawi Wind BESSHawaii County20°15′26″N 155°51′01″W1.00.252012
Kaheawa Wind II StorageMaui County20°47′41″N 156°32′10″W10202012
KIUC Kapaia PV Storage
(Tesla BESS)		Kauai County21°59′50″N 159°22′45″W13522017[21]
Lawai Solar Storage
(AES Lawai Solar Hybrid)		Kauai County21°54′30″N 159°29′31″W201002018[23]
Palaau Power Hybrid
(Molokaii BESS)		Maui County21°06′22″N 157°03′53″W2.00.3752017[26]

A Battery storage power stations stabilize an electrical grid against fluctuations in solar and wind generation for periods extending from less than a minute to as long as several hours.[27]

References
  1. "Electricity Data Browser, Net generation for all sectors, Hawaii, Fuel Type-Check all, Annual, 2001–19". www.eia.gov. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  2. "Hawaii Electricity Profile". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Retrieved 2021-01-03.
  3. "Hawaii Electricity Profile Analysis". U.S. EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-03.
  4. Energy Information Administration (15 September 2020). "Form EIA-860 detailed data with previous form data (EIA-860A/860B)". eia.gov. Archived from the original on 18 September 2020.
  5. "AES Hawaii Generation Plant". Global Energy Monitor. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  6. "Recycled Products Made in Hawaii". City & County of Honolulu's Department of Environmental Services. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  7. "Burning old tires generates energy". Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  8. "AES Hawaii". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  9. "Kapaia Power Station". ostg.com. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  10. "Kapaia Power Station Oil Plant". Global Energy Observatory. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  11. "Port Allen Oil Power Plant". IndustryAbout. Retrieved 2020-02-21.
  12. "Campbell Industrial Park". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  13. "Kapaia Power Station". EIA. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
  14. "Firing up biomass facility". thegardenisland.com. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  15. "Covanta Honolulu". Covanta. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  16. "Daniel K. Inouye International Airport Emergency Power Facility In Full Operation". Hawaii.gov. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  17. "Hawaiian Electric, U.S. Army announce completion of Schofield Generating Station". Hawaiian Electric Company. Retrieved 2020-02-20.
  18. "Lava speeds up, forcing evacuations and covering well at Puna Geothermal plant". Star Advertiser. May 27, 2018.
  19. "Puna Geothermal Venture faces challenges amid uncertainty". Star Advertiser. July 8, 2018.
  20. "Hydroelectricity". www.hawaiianelectric.com. Archived from the original on 2018-02-01. Retrieved 2018-02-01.
  21. "Tesla built a huge solar energy plant on the island of Kauai". theverge.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  22. "Kauai utility to start work on $54M Anahola solar farm this spring". bizjournals.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  23. "AES Completes Record-Breaking Solar and Battery Plant on Kauai". greentechmedia.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  24. "Auwahi Wind" (PDF). Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources. 2019-05-01.
  25. Robert Walton (2016-09-28). "In pursuit of 100% renewables, HECO installs 1st utility-scale battery on Oahu". Utility Dive.
  26. "$3.1M Battery Proposed for Power Plant". themolokaidispatch.com. Retrieved 2020-02-25.
  27. "Grid Modernization". Hawaii State Energy Office. Retrieved 2021-02-04.
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