List of most-wanted Nazi war criminals

Since 2002, Efraim Zuroff of the Simon Wiesenthal Center has produced an Annual Status Report on the Worldwide Investigation and Prosecution of Nazi war criminals which, since at least 2004, has included a list of "most-wanted" criminals who had never been convicted. The list was last updated in 2018.[1]

2018 list

The following Nazi war criminals were facing possible prosecution as of 2019, according to the 2018 list of the Simon Wiesenthal Center.[2]

Name Current age Listed Country of residence when listed Notes
Helmut Oberlander 96 2012–2018 Canada Oberlander served in Einsatzkommando 10A (part of Einsatzgruppe D), which murdered an estimated 23,000 mostly Jewish civilians in Ukraine. He moved to Canada after the war, settling in Waterloo, Ontario where he worked as a real-estate developer. Beginning in 1995, the Government of Canada made several attempts to revoke Oberlander's citizenship and have him deported. In December 2019, the Supreme Court of Canada declined to hear Oberlander's latest appeal, clearing the way for his deportation.[3][2][4][5] As of February 2020, however, Oberlander was still in Canada and had filed a new appeal against his planned deportation.[6][7]
Kurt Gosdek 97–98 2018 Germany Gosdek served in Einsatzgruppe C and was accused of being involved in the massacre of tens of thousands of Jews in Ukraine, including at Babi Yar.[2][8]
Herbert Wahler 99 2018 Germany Wahler served in Einsatzgruppe C and was accused of being involved in the massacre of tens of thousands of Jews in Ukraine, including at Babi Yar.[2][9] In March 2020, the public prosecutor's office in Kassel announced that Wahler would not face charges due to a lack of evidence.[10]
Wilhelm Karl Friedrich Hoffmeister 97–98 2018 Germany Hoffmeister served in Einsatzgruppe C and was accused of being involved in the massacre of tens of thousands of Jews in Ukraine, including at Babi Yar.[2][11]
Michael Karkoc deceased 2018 United States Karkoc was an officer in the SS-led Ukrainian Self Defense Legion, which is accused of murdering Polish civilians in Chłaniów in July 1944. His unit was also involved in the suppression of the Warsaw Uprising. Karkoc went on to serve in the Waffen-SS Galician Division. He moved to the United States after the war, settling in Minneapolis. Karkoc's background was uncovered in a 2013 report by the Associated Press, prompting investigations in Germany and Poland. German authorities closed his case in 2015 after they deemed Karkoc unfit to stand trial. Polish authorties requested Karkoc's extradition in 2017. He died in Minneapolis on 14 December 2019 at the age of 100.[2][12][13]
Algimantas Dailidė deceased 2004–2018 Germany Dailidė served in the Lithuanian Security Police (Saugumas) in Vilnius and took part in the persecution of Polish Jews in the Vilna Ghetto. He emigrated to the United States after the war and lived in Cleveland, Ohio and Florida. Dailidė was stripped of his citizenship in the 1990s and deported to Germany in 2004, after which he settled in Kirchberg, Saxony. He was subsequently convicted of war crimes by a Vilnius court, but in 2008 was deemed unfit to serve time in prison due to his poor health. He died in 2015.[14][2][15][16]
Jakiw "Jakob" Palij deceased 2016–2018 United States Born in a Polish village within modern-day Ukraine, Palij volunteered for the SS and served as a guard at the Trawniki SS training camp. He moved to the United States after the war, settling in Queens, New York City. Palij was identified as a camp guard in 1993 and had his US citizenship revoked in 2003, rendering him stateless. He was deported to Germany in August 2018 after a 14-year deportation battle. Palij died in January 2019 in Ahlen at the age of 95.[17][2][18][19]

Previously listed
Name Listed Country of residence when listed Notes
Helma Kissner 2016 Germany Kissner served as a radio operator at the Auschwitz concentration camp from April to July 1944 and was charged with accessory to murder in 260,000 cases.[17][20][21] She was ruled unfit to stand trial on 9 September 2016 by a court in Kiel.[22]
Reinhold Hanning deceased Germany Hanning served as an SS guard at Auschwitz from January 1943 to June 1944 and was charged with accessory to murder in 170,000 cases.[17] He was convicted and sentenced to 5 years' imprisonment on 17 June 2016.[23] Hanning never served his sentence as he died on 30 May 2017, aged 95, while awaiting appeal.[24]
Hubert Zafke deceased Germany Zafke served as a medic at Auschwitz during 1943 and 1944 and was charged with accessory to murder in 3,681 cases.[17] Zafke's trial began in February 2016 but was repeatedly postponed due to his failing health, and in September 2017 he was eventually deemed unfit to stand trial due to dementia.[25] Zafke died in 2018 at the age of 97.
Alfred Stark 2015–2016 Germany Stark was a former corporal of the Gebirgsjäger who took part in the September 1943 mass murder of 120 Italian officers in Cephalonia, Greece, as part of the Massacre of the Acqui Division.[26][17] He was convicted in absentia in 2013 by the military court of Rome and sentenced to life in prison, but Germany has refused to extradite him.[27][15]
Helmut Rasbol / X (unnamed) 2015–2016 Denmark Born Helmuth Leif Rasmussen, Rasbol joined the Waffen-SS as a foreign volunteer following the German invasion of Denmark in 1940 and later served as a guard in the Judenlager ("Jewish camp") in Babruysk, Belarus during 1942 and 1943, when 1,400 Jewish inmates were killed or died under horrific physical conditions.[26][17][15] In November 2016, the Danish chief prosecutor announced that Rasbol would not face charges due to a lack of evidence.[28]
Aksel Andersen 2016 Sweden A Danish foreign volunteer of the Waffen-SS, Andersen served as a guard in the Judenlager in Babruysk, Belarus during 1942 and 1943, when 1,400 Jewish inmates were killed or died under horrific physical conditions. Danish authorities have refused to prosecute Andersen.[17][15][29]
Johann Robert Riss 2015–2016 Germany Riss took part in the August 1944 Padule di Fucecchio massacre, where 184 civilians were murdered. In 2011, the military court in Rome found him guilty in absentia and sentenced him to life in prison; Germany has declined to extradite Riss.[26][17][15]
Gerhard Sommer 2011–2015 Germany Sommer served in the 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division and was accused of taking part in the massacre of 560 civilians in Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Italy in 1944. He was found guilty in absentia by a military court in La Spezia in 2005, but Germany refused to extradite him. German authorities reopened his case in 2014. In May 2015, he was declared unfit for trial due to severe dementia.[30][26][15][31][3]
Vladimir Katriuk deceased Canada A former commander of the Ukrainian Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118, Katriuk was accused to taking part in the 1943 Khatyn massacre, as well as murdering Jews and non-Jews in various locations across Belarus. He later defected and joined the French Foreign Legion, before deserting and fleeing to Canada after the war. The Government of Canada began proceedings to revoke his citizenship in the 1990s, but decided against revocation in 2007, citing his advanced age. Katriuk died in Salaberry-de-Valleyfield in May 2015 at the age of 93.[3][26][32][33]
Y (unnamed) 2015 Germany The unnamed person was accused of being accessory to the murder of Hungarian Jews in Auschwitz.[26]
Z (unnamed) 2015 Norway The unnamed person was accused of murdering Jews in various locations in Poland and Ukraine.[26]
Oskar Gröning deceased Germany Gröning served as a bookkeeper at the Auschwitz concentration camp from 1942 to 1944. In July 2015, he was found guilty of being an accessory to the murder of 300,000 people and sentenced to four years in prison. Gröning died in March 2018 at the age of 96, before he was set to begin his sentence.[26][34][35]
Hans (Antanus) Lipschis deceased Germany Lipschis served as a guard at the Auschwitz concentration camp from 1941 to 1945. He emigrated to the United States after the war and lived Chicago until his deportation to Germany in 1983.[36][37] Lipschis was arrested in 2013,[38] but was later found unfit to stand trial due to dementia.[39] He died in Aalen in 2016 at the age of 96.[40]
Ivan (John) Kalymon deceased United States Kalymon served in the Nazi-led Ukrainian Auxiliary Police in Lviv from 1941 to 1944, during which time he took part in the murder and deportation of Jews in the Lwów Ghetto. Kalymon moved to the United States after the war, but had his citizenship revoked in 2007. He died near Detroit, Michigan in 2014 at the age of 93 while awaiting extradition to Germany.[30][37][3][41]
Søren Kam deceased Germany A Danish volunteer officer of the SS Wiking Division, Kam took part in the murder of Danish anti-Nazi newspaper editor Carl Henrik Clemmensen. Denmark requested his extradition in 1999, which Germany refused. A subsequent request in 2007 was again refused, due to a German court finding that the killing of Clemmensen was manslaughter, the statute of limitations of which had expired. Kam died in Kempten in 2015 at the age of 93.[42][37][43]
Theodor Szehinskyj deceased United States Szehinskyj served as a guard of the SS-Totenkopfverbände at the Gross-Rosen, Sachsenhausen and Warsaw concentration camps. He moved to the United States after the war and settled in West Chester, Pennsylvania. Szehinskyj had his U.S. citizenship revoked in 2000. He was ordered deported in 2003 but remained in the country until his death in 2014.[36][37][44][45]
Alois Brunner 2004–2013 Syria The former assistant of Adolf Eichmann, Brunner was responsible for the deportation of over 100,000 Jews to Nazi death camps in Europe. He fled Germany at the end of the war for Egypt, then moved to Syria, where he lived for decades under Syrian protection and survived multiple manhunts, investigations and assassination attempts. He was sentenced to death in absentia in France in 1954. Brunner was last seen in 2001 but his fate remained unconfirmed until 2014, when it was reported that he had died in Damascus in 2001.[14][30][36][46]
Aribert Heim 2006–2013 Unknown Heim was a doctor at the Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald and Mauthausen concentration camps. Known as "Dr. Death", Heim killed and tortured inmates at Mauthausen through various cruel methods. He fled Germany in 1962 when he was outed as a war criminal. Heim's whereabouts remained unclear, although in 2009 it was reported that he had been living in Egypt and had died in Cairo in 1992, which was confirmed by a court in Baden-Baden. The Simon Wiesenthal Center disputed the finding and Heim remained on the list until 2013.[47][36][48]
László Csizsik-Csatáry deceased Hungary Csatáry was a Royal Hungarian Police officer based in Košice who organized the deportation of approximately 15,700 Jews to Auschwitz in 1944. He was convicted in absentia in Czechoslovakia and was sentenced to death. Csatáry fled to Canada after the war, but had his citizenship revoked in 1997, after which he left the country. In 2011, Csatáry was discovered to be living in Budapest, and the following year he was charged with war crimes by Hungarian authorities. In 2013, a Slovak court commuted his death sentence to life imprisonment and sought his extradition. In the same year, courts in Hungary suspended his case on the grounds of double jeopardy. Csatáry died in August 2013 while awaiting trial, aged 98.[3][36][49]
Mikhail Gorshkow deceased Estonia Born in Estonia, Gorshkow served as an interpreter and interrogator for the Gestapo in Belarus and was accused of taking part in the massacre of 3,000 Jews in Slutsk. He fled to the United States after the war but was denaturalized in 2002, after which he moved to Estonia. In 2011, Estonian authorities closed the case against Gorshkow, claiming that his identity could not be proved beyond a reasonable doubt. Gorshkow died in 2013.[14][36][37][50]
Klaas Carel Faber deceased Germany Faber was a Dutch volunteer of the Waffen-SS and served in the Sonderkommando Feldmeijer, which targeted members of the Dutch resistance, opponents of Nazism and those who hid Jews. He was also alleged to have served in the firing squad at the Westerbork transit camp. Faber was sentenced to death in 1947 by a Dutch court for murder. His sentence was later commuted to life imprisonment, but in 1952 he escaped from prison and fled to Germany. Several attempts to extradite him were unsuccessful. In 2010, the Dutch government issued a European Arrest Warrant for Faber. German authorities supported his imprisonment, but Faber died in May 2012 in Ingolstadt before the motion could be enforced.[51][3][52]
Karoly (Charles) Zentai deceased Australia Zentai, a former soldier in the Royal Hungarian Army, took part in manhunts, persecution, and murder of Jews in Budapest in 1944. In particular, he was accused of having beaten Péter Balázs, an 18-year-old Jewish teenager, to death for not wearing his yellow star. Zentai emigrated to Australia after the war. In 2005, Hungary issued an international arrest warrant against Zentai and requested his extradition. After a prolonged legal fight, the High Court of Australia ruled in 2012 that he could not be extradited, as the offense of "war crime" did not exist in Hungary in 1944. Zentai died in January 2018 in Perth at the age of 96.[53][3][54]
Sándor Képíró deceased Hungary Képíró was an officer of the Hungarian gendarmerie who was accused of organizing the mass murder of over a thousand Jewish, Serb and Roma civilians in Novi Sad, Serbia in January 1942. He was convicted of war crimes in Hungary in 1944 but was not punished. In 1946 he was again convicted in Hungary in absentia. Képíró moved to Argentina after the war, returning to Hungary in 1996. A new trial was opened against him in 2011. He was acquitted due to insufficient evidence in July, and died in September in Budapest at the age of 97.[42][30][55]
Milivoj Ašner deceased Austria Ašner served as the police chief of Slavonska Požega, Croatia and was accused of taking part in the persecution and deportation of hundreds of Serbs, Jews and Romani to concentration camps operated by the Ustaše. Ašner moved to Austria after the war. In 2005, Croatian authorities requested his extradition, which was refused on medical grounds. Ašner died in Klagenfurt in June 2011 at the age of 98.[53][30][56]
Adam Nagorny deceased Germany Nagorny served as an SS guard at the Trawniki SS training camp and the Treblinka extermination camp. He was accused of taking part in executions at Treblinka. Investigations against Nagorny opened in early 2011, but he died later in the year.[30][3]
Samuel Kunz deceased Germany Born in Russia to a Volga German family, Kunz served in the Red Army and was captured by the Germans. He then served at the Trawniki SS training camp before serving as an SS guard at the Belzec extermination camp, where he was accused of participating in the mass murder of Jews. Kunz worked as a civil servant after the war. He was indicted in July 2010, but died in November in Bonn at the age of 89 before he could be brought to trial.[57][58]
Adolf Storms deceased Germany Storms was an SS sergeant accused of taking part in the massacre of 60 Jewish forced laborers in Deutsch Schützen, Austria in March 1945. He worked as a train station manager after the war. In 2009, Storms was charged by a German court for his alleged participation in the massacre. He died in June 2010 in Duisburg at the age of 90 while awaiting trial.[57][59]
Peter Egner deceased United States An ethnic German born in Yugoslavia, Egner served in the Sicherheitsdienst in Belgrade from 1941 to 1943, during which time the unit participated in the mass murder of more than 17,000 civilians. He also served in the Belgrade Einsatzgruppe and transported prisoners to Auschwitz, Semlin and Avala. Egner moved to the United States after the war and worked as a food and beverage manager. The United States Justice Department requested the revocation of his citizenship in 2008, and in 2010 Serbia requested his extradition. Egner died in January 2011 in Bellevue, Washington at the age of 88 while awaiting trial.[57][60]
Ivan Demjanjuk deceased United States Born in Ukraine, Demjanjuk was conscripted into the Soviet Army in 1941 and was taken prisoner by the Germans in 1942. He served at the Trawniki SS training camp before becoming a guard at the Sobibor extermination camp, where he was accused of being an accessory to the murder of 27,900 Jews. He also served at additional camps including Majdanek. Demjanjuk moved to the United States after the war and settled in Cleveland, Ohio. He was denaturalized in 1981 and extradited to Israel, and in 1988 he was convicted of crimes against humanity and sentenced to death. The verdict was overturned by the Supreme Court of Israel in 1993 after new evidence cast doubt on his identity. Demjanjuk returned to the US and regained his citizenship, but was denaturalized a second time in 2002 when new allegations arose. He was extradited to Germany in 2009, convicted in 2011 and sentenced to five years in prison pending appeal. Demjanjuk died in March 2012 before his appeals could be completed, which in effect voided his prior conviction.[14][51][61]
Heinrich Boere deceased Germany Boere was a Dutch volunteer of Waffen-SS who saw action on the Eastern Front. As a member of the Silbertanne death squad, he took part in the killings of three Dutch civilians. He fled to Germany after the war and was sentenced to death in absentia by a Dutch court in 1949, which was later commuted to life imprisonment. German authorities refused to extradite him, but reopened the case in 2008 and convicted him in 2010, sentencing him to life in prison. He died on 1 December 2013 at the age of 92 while serving his life sentence in Fröndenberg.[62][51][63]
Harry Männil deceased Venezuela Männil served in the Estonian political police during the first year of the German occupation and was accused of arresting Jews and communists who were subsequently executed by the Nazis. He moved to Venezuela after the war and became a highly successful businessman and philanthropist. Estonian authorities opened an investigation against Männil in 2001, but later cleared him of all charges. He relocated to Costa Rica and died in San José in January 2010 at the age of 89.[14][62][51][64]
Erna Wallisch deceased Austria Wallisch was a guard at the Majdanek concentration camp and was accused of being involved in the murder of inmates. She had previously been a warden at Ravensbrück, and settled in Austria after the war. Investigations in the 1970s were dropped due to a lack of evidence, and Austrian authorities had declined to prosecute her, citing statute of limitations. The case was reopened in 2008 following new testimony from Poland. Wallisch died in Vienna in February 2008, aged 86.[47][42][65][66]
Lajos Polgár deceased Australia Polgár was a high-ranking member of the Hungarian Arrow Cross Party and briefly served as chief of its Budapest headquarters, where Jews were jailed and tortured. He moved to Australia after the war. Australian and Hungarian authorities opened investigations in the 2000s but did not obtain sufficient evidence against him. Polgár died in Ferntree Gully in July 2006 at the age of 89.[47][67]
Ladislav Nižňanský deceased Germany Nižňanský served as the commander of an "Edelweiss" unit that hunted Jews and partisans in Slovakia. He was accused of being involved in the massacre of 146 people in two villages and the later killing of 18 Jewish civilians. Nižňanský moved to Germany after the war and was sentenced to death in absentia by a Czechoslovak court in 1962. He was tried in 2005 and acquitted by a German court due to a lack of reliable evidence. Nižňanský died in December 2011.[14][53][68][69]
Jack Reimer deceased United States Born to German Mennonite parents in Ukraine, Reimer was conscripted into the Soviet Red Army and was captured by the Germans in 1941. He served as a guard at the Trawniki SS training camp and was accused of taking part in the murder of Polish Jews. He moved to the United States after the war and became a businessman. Reimer was denaturalized in 2002, but died in Pennsylvania in 2005 before he could be deported.[14][53][70]
Nada Šakić deceased Croatia The wife of Croatian Ustaše officer and Jasenovac commander Dinko Šakić, Nada Šakić served as a guard at the nearby Stara Gradiška concentration camp and was accused of taking part in the torture and murder of inmates. The Šakićs fled to Argentina at the end of the war but were extradited back to Croatia in 1998. Charges against Nada Šakić were later dropped due to insufficient evidence. She died in February 2011 at the age of 85.[14][71][72][73]
Rosemarie Albrecht deceased Germany A former medical professor at the University of Jena, Albrecht was accused of killing a patient in 1941, as part of the Nazi euthanasia program which carried out mass killings of the mentally ill and physically disabled. She was further linked to the deaths of 159 people at a hospital in Stadtroda. In 2005, Albrecht was ruled unfit to stand trial. She died in 2008.[14][74][75]
Petras Bernotavičius (Peter Bernes) deceased Lithuania Bernatavicius was deputy to the Nazi-appointed mayor of Kupiškis, Lithuania and was accused of organizing the killing of more than 1,000 Jews in Kupiškis in 1941. He moved to the United States after the war but fled to Lithuania in 2002, shortly before his US citizenship was revoked.[14] He later died.

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