List of car-free places

This is a list of car-free places, defined as an extended area where car access is prohibited or very limited.

A square in Venice, Italy, a large entirely car-free city.

List

  Most or all of the area is essentially car-free

  Large area that is nearly car-free

Country	Location	Type	Area (km^2)	Approximate population	Comments
Argentina	La Cumbrecita, Córdoba	Town		hundreds	A small secluded alpine-like village. Focused on eco-tourism, no paved roads, transport on foot.
Australia	Rundle Mall, Adelaide	City center			Section of Rundle Street, 320m long, in the heart of Adelaide's central business district. Largest urban pedestrian area in the southern hemisphere. No private or transit vehicles allowed, only the emergency or construction vehicles.
	Rottnest Island, Western Australia	Island	19	300	No cars allowed on island, all transport is on foot, bicycle or the regular bus service.
	Maria Island, Tasmania	Island	115.5	15	No cars allowed on island, all transport is on foot or bicycles. Park rangers are only permanent residents.
	Green Island, Queensland	Island	0.15	1	Tourist island and national park. No cars allowed, helicopter access via helipad on southern side of the island, for transit and emergency access. Island contains a resort: majority of transport is on foot (few electric carts are used for emergencies and maintenance work).
	Lord Howe Island, New South Wales	Island	14.55	350	A small number of resident permits, however most transport is on foot or bicycles.
	Melbourne city centre (some areas)	City center		20,000	Bourke Street Mall and large number of city laneways including Block Arcade, Royal Arcade, Degraves Lane, QV, City Square and Federation Square. Home to growing residential population.[1][2] No private cars, some exemptions for Swanston Street. Bicycles not allowed on Bourke Street Mall.
	Queen Street Mall, Brisbane Queensland	City center			Central shopping area, connects with King George Square. No private cars. Underground busway.
	Sydney central business district (some areas)	City center			Central shopping area. Pitt Street Mall, Martin Place and tourist precinct Darling Harbour, New South Wales. Much of George Street, Sydney.[3]
	Dangar Island, New South Wales	Island	0.29	303	No private cars allowed, most transport is on foot, bicycle or wheelbarrow.
	Falls Creek, Victoria (winter only)	Town		252	Snowsports resort. Roads in the town area are closed to cars during the snow season, but open to snowmobiles and snowcats. Snowsport riders often use the roads to access pistes.
	Scotland Island	Island	0.52	642
Belgium	Louvain-la-Neuve	Town		29,521	University town. Surface is car-free. Streets and parking are below pedestrian streets
	Ghent	City center			Second-largest car-free area in Belgium. Public transport, taxis and permit holders may enter but not exceed 20 km/h
	Hasselt	City center			Most streets inside the "Groene Boulevard" are car-free or very low traffic.
	Kortrijk	City center			First car-free shopping street in Belgium.
Belize	Caye Caulker	Island	8	1,300
Bolivia	Isla del Sol	Island	14.3	1,984
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Baščaršija, Sarajevo	City center			The Old City is entirely free of motorized vehicles.
Brazil	Ilha do Mel, Paraná	Island	3.93		Small island offshore of Paranaguá, entirely car-free. All goods and materials are carted around by big wheel barrows. The economy is traditionally fishing but ecotourism is now a big part of economy. 95% of island is now an ecological reserve. Villages are connected by 2 meter wide sandy walking paths
	Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro	Island	193	5,000	Large car-free island off the coast of the state, part of Angra dos Reis municipality. Only allowed vehicles are bicycles, tractors and rentable jeeps.
	Paquetá Island, Rio de Janeiro	Island		7,000	Car-free island in Guanabara Bay, an hour by ferry from downtown Rio. Residents ride bikes, which they park along the curbs of the island's tamped sand streets. In the south portion of the island, Danke de Mattos Park is cycle-free.
	Boipeba[4]	Island	88	3,256
	Algodoal	Island	24	1,600
Cambodia	Koh Rong	Island	78	1,100
Canada	Toronto Island	Island	2.3	700
	Harrington Harbour	Island	1.97	261
China	Discovery Bay, Hong Kong	City district		14,300	Modern residential development set on the northeastern coast of Lantau Island. Private cars are prohibited, however buses, delivery vehicles, and vehicles owned by the developer are allowed. Residents travel internally by bus or a controlled number of private golf carts, and commute externally via the ferry or by bus.
	Ma Wan, Hong Kong	Island	0.97	15,700	Private cars are prohibited on the island, which has road connections to the Lantau Link; however buses and delivery vehicles as well as vehicles owned by the developer are allowed. Residents commute externally via the ferry or by bus.
	Cheung Chau, Hong Kong	Island	2.46	30,000	No full size automobiles allowed. A few miniature emergency vehicles exist as do small utilitarian vehicles. Residents walk, via an extensive and well-maintained network of trails. The island is connected by ferries to the rest of Hong Kong.
	Lamma Island, Hong Kong	Island	13.55	6,000	Third largest island in Hong Kong. No full size automobiles allowed, except for the area within the Hong Kong Electricity power station. A few miniature emergency vehicles exist as do small utilitarian vehicles. Residents walk, via an extensive and well-maintained network of trails. The island is connected by ferries to the rest of Hong Kong.
	Dayan Old Town, Lijiang City, Yunnan, China	City center			Cars are prohibited in this section of Lijiang. Given the cobblestone paths, bridges and network of waterways, driving would be impossible anyway. Though tourism is the dominant economic activity, the residents rely on foot, basket, and trike to keep the area functioning.
	Gulangyu, Xiamen, Fujian, China	Island	3.16	16,000	Small Island near Xiamen. All vehicles, including bicycles, are banned on the island, with some electric vehicles circulating for tourist transit and emergency services.
	Peng Chau	Island	0.99	6,357 (2006)
Colombia	Santa Cruz del Islote	Island	0.01	1,247
Cook Islands	Pukapuka	Island	3	507
Costa Rica	Parismina, Limón	Town		600	Small coastal village has no paved roads and one tractor for trash collection.
	Tortuguero, Limón	Town		500	A small village located near the Tortuguero National Park, it is located on a small "island" that is bordered on one side by the ocean and on the other by a river canal. The island is only accessible by boat or airplane.
Croatia	Prvić[5][6]	Island	2.4	453
	Silba[6]	Island	15	292
	Zlarin[6]	Island	8.2	284
	Lopud[6]	Island	4,5	220
	Koločep[6]	Island	2.44	165
	Susak	Island	3.8	151
	Olib	Island	26.14	140
	Sveti Klement[6]	Island		20[6]
	Kornat[6]	Island	32.30	7
	Dubrovnik	City center			Old walled city nearly car-free
	Rovinj	City center			The old town is reported to be largely or entirely car-free
	Split	City center			Diocletian's Palace and adjoining areas to the west are free of cars.
Denmark	Ertholmene[6]	Archipelago		96	Passenger car-free ferry arrive to there, from Bornholm. The largest island is Christiansø.
	Tunø[6]	Island	3.52	109
	Bjørnø[6]	Island	1.5	38
	Nekselø	Island	2.2	20
Fiji	Kadavu[7]	Island	411	10,167 (2007)
Finland	Suomenlinna	Island	0.8	850	car-free fortress in Helsinki, service traffic allowed.
France	Mont Saint-Michel	Island	4	60	Car-free fortress/abbey
	Île-d'Aix	Island	1.19	219	[8]
	Île de Porquerolles, near Toulon	Island	12.54	5,000 (summers)	Resort. Island is car-lite and many areas car-free. Non-residents are not allowed to have cars.
	Île de Sein, Bretagne	Island	0.58	214 (summer: 1,500)	[9]
	Île-de-Bréhat, Bretagne[6][5]	Island	3.09	444	[10]
	Hoedic, Bretagne[6]	Island	2.08	111	[11]
	Houat, Bretagne	Island	2.91	311	[12]
	Île de Batz, Bretagne	Island	3.05	594
	Île-Molène, Bretagne	Island	0.75	211	[13]
	Archipel du Frioul, near Marseille[5]	Archipelago	4	86	[14]
	Île d'Yeu, Vendée	City center		5,000 (summer: 40,000)	Large car-free center
	Port Grimaud	City center			Resort
	Levant	Island	9	100
	Port-Cros[6]	Island	7	30
	Île Saint-Honorat[6]	Island	0.37	21[6]
	Île Sainte-Marguerite[6]	Island	2.1	20
	Chausey[15][6]	Island	0.65	11
	Quéménès[6]	Island	0.30	4
Germany	Neuwerk[6]	Island	3	39
	Freiburg im Breisgau	City center		10,000	Large car-free center (610 x 720 m). Medieval university town. Minimal car traffic is permitted on some streets. Trams provide access. Progressively pedestrianised since 1971.[16] Widely seen as a pioneer of "car-free"/people oriented development.
	Former US-Army area/Hartmannstrasse, Erlangen	City district		2,000	Car parking concentrated in some multi-storey car parks
	Bonhoefferweg-Siedlung, Erlangen	City district		200	Car parking outside the residential area
	Frauenchiemsee	Island	0.15	300	Island in lake Chiemsee, historic abbey
	Heligoland	Island	1.7	1,650	North Sea Island. In addition to cars, bicycles are banned.
	Baltrum[5]	Island	6.5	510	East Frisian Islands
	Spiekeroog	Island	18.25	730
	Langeoog	Island	19.67	1,970
	Wangerooge[6]	Island	7.94	1,180
	Juist	Island	16.43	1,790
	Hiddensee[6]	Island	19.02	1,200	Baltic Sea Island
	Gröde[6]	Island	2.52	10	North Frisian Islands
	Nordstrandischmoor	Island	1.9	22
Greece	Hydra	Island	50	3,000	No motorized vehicles on the entire island
	Lindos/Rhodes	Town			Motorized traffic impossible due to narrow streets
	Mount Athos	Peninsula		1,400	Motorized traffic of non residents is prohibited. Local traffic is extremely limited with only some vehicles used by the monastic community for essential communication, and transportation needs
	Telendos	Island	4,7	54
Guernsey	Sercq[6]	Island	5,5	550
	Herm	Island	2	60
Hungary	Margaret Island, Budapest	Island	0.97	3	Entry by cars forbidden except for a single bus line and taxis; service traffic of local stores and restaurants are allowed to enter
India	Elephanta Island, Maharashtra	Island	16	1,200	Automobiles are not allowed on island to keep the area pollution free. Residents and tourist reach island on boat and then have to walk by foot. There is small miniature train which takes tourists from pier to steps of historic caves.[17]
	North Sentinel Island	Island	72	250
Indonesia	Gili Islands	Archipelago	15	thousands	popular tourist destination
	Siberut[18]	Island	3,810	35,091 (2010)
	Seribu	Archipelago	8.7	21,864 (2010)
	North Pagai	Island	622.3	14,743 (2010)
	Palu'e	Island	41	9,553 (2010)
	Nusa Lembongan	Island	8	5,000
Palestinian territory	Old City, East Jerusalem	City district		35,000	Most of the old walled city is a maze of alleys and narrow streets accessible only to foot traffic. Small motorised "mini-tractors" are permitted for goods delivery. Previously the area was truly car-free when donkeys were used for goods delivery, but they are now banned because of the associated hygiene problems.
Italy	Venice	Island	5.17	50,000	City built on many islands connected by bridges. Entire city is completely car-free, except at the bus station square. Transport on foot or by water
	Giudecca	Island	0.59	5,000	Group of islands linked by bridges in the Venetian lagoon
	Murano	Island	1.17	5,000	Group of islands linked by bridges in the Venetian lagoon
	Burano	Island	0.21	2,777	Group of islands linked by bridges in the Venetian lagoon
	Capri	Island			Eastern part of the island, about 20% of overall area is carfree. Island resort, car-free area includes the main city centre with shopping roads and major high-class hotels
	Chamois	Town		96
	Monte Isola	Island		1,768
	Sacca Fisola	Island	0,18	1,458
	Sant'Erasmo	Island	3,26	723
	Marettimo[6]	Island	12,3	684
	Mazzorbo	Island	0,22	298
	Gorgona	Island	2,2	127
	Alicudi	Island	5,1	105
	Isola dei Pescatori[6]	Island	0,03	50
Japan	Aoshima	Island	0.49	6
	Saganoshima	Island	3.18	161	No personal cars, only public minibus service
Kenya	Lamu	Island		thousands	Lamu town is an old, Swahili settlement where only foot, cycle and donkey traffic is allowed.
	Wasini	Island	7,1	1,500
	Migingo Island	Island	11	400
Lebanon	Tripoli	City center			The old city of Tripoli consists of narrow alleys and stairs that do not accommodate cars.
Libya	Tripoli	City center			The old city is the most popular tourist destination in Libya, it consists of large number of traditional shops, and a national museum.
Madagascar	Nosy Komba	Island	25	4,000
	Île aux Nattes	Island	3	1,500
Malawi	Chizumulu[19]	Island	3	4,000
	Likoma	Island	18	9,000 (2001)
Malta	Comino	Island	2,0	4
Malaysia	Perhentian Islands	Archipelago	15.35	thousands	popular tourist destination
	Pulau Ketam	Island	22.92	2,000
	Tioman Island[20]	Island	110	432
Mexico	Mexcaltitán	Island	1	818
	Holbox	Island		1,486	Only sand roads with golf carts and very few cars
	Mexcaltitán de Uribe	Island		818	The island is completely car-free. Access is by small boats.
	Xochimilco	Archipelago			Dozens of islands, some densely urbanized, in Laguna del Toro, San Lorenzo, La Santísima, and Xaltocan. There is no access to most islands of Xochimilco by car, though pedestrian bridges or informal ferry services exist to most of the urbanized islands.
Morocco	Fes el Bali, Fes	City district	2.2	156,000 (2002)	Larger of the two medinas of Fes, it is a nearly intact medieval city. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981. Its medieval streets are entirely inaccessible by automobile. A few access streets for emergency vehicles are being built.[21] It is the most populated car-free district in the world.
	Fes Jdid, Fes	City district		100,000	Fes-el-Jdid was originally an extension of Fes-el-Bali, the larger of the two medinas of Fes, and therefore is structured very similarly. Alongside Fes-el-Bali, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1981, under the name 'Medina of Fez'. Fes-el-Jdid's streets tend to be narrower and less used than those of Jes-el-Bali, and similarly, only foot, cycle, donkey and cart traffic is seen within the medina.
	Medina of Essaouira	City district		77,000 (2014)	Formerly called Mogador, it is a walled city on the coast of Morocco built in the 17th Century. Designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2001. Most of the narrow streets are inaccessible by car, and there is a ban on cars within the walls of the city. However, this rule is ignored by many. The few main streets wide enough to accommodate cars allow donkey and cart traffic as well as emergency vehicles.
	Souks, Marrakesh	City district			Only old sections of the city are car-free, namely the souks, or marketplaces located in the centre. The streets are only narrow enough for pedestrians, cyclists or motorcyclists. The surrounding medina was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.[22]
	Medina of Meknes	City district			A walled city with narrow streets, Meknes Medina is car-free since it is mostly inaccesible to cars. Motorcycles, bicycles, pedestrians and carts can traverse it. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site, under the name 'Historic City of Meknes', in 1996.
	Medina of Casablanca	City district			The streets are only narrow enough for pedestrians, cyclists or motorcyclists. It was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985.
	Medina of Chefchaouen	City district		42,000	Only the medina in the city is car-free, as the streets are only narrow enough for pedestrians, cyclists or motorcyclists.
	Medina of Tangier	City district			Only the medina in the city is car-free, as the streets are only narrow enough for pedestrians, cyclists or motorcyclists.
Nepal	Khumbu	Town		9,000	Khumbu valley. Transport by foot or animals
Netherlands	Giethoorn	City center		2,500	Transport by canal boat, bicycle or by foot in this area
	Orvelte	Town		230	This is a town and museum in one. The 230 residents live inside the museum village. Parking is on the outskirts of the village.
	Vlieland	Island	30	1,126
New Zealand	Atafu	Island	2,5	524
	Tokelau	Island	10	1,466	Although cars are allowed on the islands, due to its limited development, only 4 cars are present on the whole of the 4 islands.[23]
Nicaragua	Little Corn Island	Island		495	Small Caribbean island with no roads, only footpaths. The island is accessible by taking a motorboat at Big Corn Island.
	Solentiname	Archipelago	38	1,000	Several islands in Lake Nicaragua - access by boat only no cars on the islands
Norway	Sandøya, Agder	Island	3.8	230
	Veierland	Island	4.4	150
	Lyngør[24]	Island	0.7	80
Panama	Bastimentos	Island	60.55	1,954
Peru	Amantaní	Island	9.28	3,663
	Taquile	Island	5.72	2,200
Philippines	Malapascua	Island	2	5,000
	Talim[25]	Island	26	39,283 (2010)
	Capul	Island	35.56	12,659 (2010)
	Maripipi	Island	27.83	6,699 (2010)
Portugal	Culatra	Island	5.9	1,000
	Óbidos	Town		3,100	Medieval walled hill town (now tourist area); only residents permitted to drive into the town, although cars are a nuisance
Samoa	Manono	Island	3	889
Scotland	Eigg	Island	30	87
	Tanera More[6]	Island	3.1	5
	South Rona[6]	Island	9.3	2
	Shuna[6]	Island		2[6]
Senegal	Fadiouth[26]	Island	0.12	10,000 (2007)
	Gorée	Island	182	1,102
	Carabane	Island	57	396
Seychelles	Digue (la)	Island	9.81	2,450
Solomon Islands	Taumako	Island	10.7	439
Sweden	Donsö[6]	Island	1	1,407
	Marstrand[6]	Island	0.9	1,319
	Styrsö[6]	Island	1.58	1,304
	Brännö[6]	Island	0.9	708
	Vrångö[6]	Island	0.40	400[6]
	Ven	Island	7.5	359
	Tranholmen	Island	0.4	338
	Sydkoster	Island	8	258
	Stora Dyrön	Island	0.2	250
	Kalvsund	Island	0.2	221
	Åstol	Island	0.2	210
	Nordkoster	Island	4	125
	Käringön	Island	0.4	127
	Köpstadö	Island	0.3	114
	Sandhamn	Island	0.27	108
	Gullholmen	Island	0.3	99
	Arholma	Island		50
	Hästholmen	Island		35
	Hanö	Island	2.1	33
	Nämdö	Island	10	24
	Kungshatt	Island	1.9	20
Sierra Leone	Bonthe	Town and surrounding island		10,206	Bonthe is a densely populated, compact coastal town and hosts the government's headquarters for the District of Bonthe, Southern Province. It is a former British colony, and all but three streets (Heddle Rd, Medina St, and King St) are only about 1 meter wide. Aside from some concrete portions of Heddle Rd, which also serves as a seawall, there is no tarmac in the town. The town is served daily by passenger boats with a capacity of 50 persons or less from Matru Jong and Yagoi. These boats cannot accommodate cars.
Slovenia	Ljubljana	City center			Slow-moving taxis ("Kavalir") provide free rides for the elderly, pregnant people, and others.
Spain	Málaga	City center	0.0039		Moorish and 19th-century historic center. Car-free and limited access streets
	Bilbao	City center			Casco Viejo (Old Town) district has narrow streets with limited car access
	Vitoria-Gasteiz	City center			Medieval quarter and 19th-century center. Most of the old walled city, as well as most of the "Ensanche" streets are car-free
	Pontevedra	City center			Pontevedra's car free center helped transform it into one of the most accessible European cities, leading to various European and American studies on its exemplary urban planning been carried out in recent years.
	Laguardia	Town
Switzerland	Zermatt	Town		5,687	car-free Alpine resort with prototype "Utility Area" at the entrance; slow electric taxis and freight vehicles used, although these are sometimes driven at higher speeds
	Bettmeralp	Town			Alpine resort, sometimes considerable traffic of utility vehicles
	Braunwald	Town		398	Alpine resort
	Riederalp	Town		555
	Rigi	Town			Mountain resort, some utility vehicles
	Saas-Fee	Town		1,607	Alpine resort; small electric utility vehicles
	Stoos	Town			Alpine resort; small electric utility vehicles, mainly from the resorts hotels.
	Wengen	Town		1,400	Alpine resort
	Mürren	Town		450	Alpine resort; some utility traffic
	Gimmelwald	Town		130	Small village
Tanzania	Tumbatu	Island	91	9,450 (2002)
Thailand	Islands in the Gulf of Thailand and Andaman Sea	Archipelago		thousands	Several island are not accessible to cars, but the large ones may have motorbike tracks.
	Ko Kret	Island	3.4	6,174
	Ko Lipe	Island	2	700
Turkey	Büyükada	Island	5.4	7,320	Almost entirely car-free.
	Heybeliada	Island	2.4	3,000
	Burgazada	Island	1.5	1,500
	Kınalıada	Island	1.3	1,500
Channel Islands	Island of Sark	Island	5.44	492	Entirely car-free (only motorized vehicles are tractors)
	Island of Herm	Island	2	60	Cars and bicycles are both banned (quad bikes are allowed, but only for maintenance)
United Kingdom	York	City center			Part of the city centre is car-free (approximately 400 x 400 m) during the day. Restricted access for deliveries; disabled car access and parking is maintained.
	Leeds	City center			Entire city centre shopping district centred on Briggate (approximately 400 x 400 m). Pedestrian precinct (access for delivery to some areas is allowed).
	Clovelly	Town		1,600	Village in North Devon
	Easdale	Island		59	Entirely car-free
	Cardiff	City center			Most of Central Cardiff is car-free (approximately 500x500m), including Queen Street, The Hayes, High Street and parts of St Mary Street. Around 2.7 km of connected pedestrian streets. There are also several arcades (covered streets) in the city centre.
	Tresco	Island	2,97	180
	Easdale[27]	Island	1	60
United States	Mackinac Island[5]	Island	9,8	523	Cars were initially banned from streets in July, 1898.[28] The use or possession of any motor vehicle is against the law, with very limited exceptions.[29] In rare cases, vehicles are permitted to be transported to and operated on the island.[30]
	Beaver River, New York	Town		8	Small hamlet, also lacking electric power, at east end of Stillwater Reservoir in the Adirondacks can only be reached by hiking trail, boat or electric rail car; in winter, only overland access is possible. One of only two permanently inhabited places in the entire Eastern United States inaccessible by road.
	Fire Island, New York	Island		491 (summer: 15,000)	Most of the island is accessible only by passenger ferries, or by foot or bicycle from the parking lot at the western end (which is reachable by a cars-only bridge); wagons used for transport. Residents can get car access permits for non-summer months. The community of Cherry Grove has boardwalk streets only five feet wide and is completely inaccessible to conventional motor vehicles. It is one of the most populous truly car-free area in the United States.
	Governors Island, New York	Island		0	Cars and trucks are only allowed for specific purposes. Electric golf carts and minibuses are in limited use by park staff and contractors. Bicycles and human-powered quad vehicles are allowed and available for rent. Access is via ferry or private, human-powered boat.
	Rock Island, Wisconsin	Island		0	State park, ferry access from nearby Washington Island. No cars or bicycles allowed.

See also

• Pedestrian zone

References

1. "Melbourne: A Pedestrian Paradise". Streetfilms.
2. The Age, January 27, 2010
3. "George Street - City of Sydney". www.cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2018-01-17.
4. "Boipeba Island". www.ilhaboipeba.org.br. Retrieved 4 January 2021.
5. Îles sans voitures, Marcel Robert, 2013. L'auteur présente cet ouvrage 22 îles : Houat, Hœdic, Sein, Aix, Frioul, Sercq, Molène, Batz, Bréhat, Juist, Hiddensee, Langeoog, Baltrum, Heligoland, Prvić, Zlarin, Hydra, Büyükada, Gulangyu, Mackinac, Lamu et Venise.
6. Brouillard, Etienne (2014). Îles de rêve sans voitures : 34 îles en Europe et 10 îles en France. Paris: Hachette tourisme. ISBN 978-2-01-244069-2.
7. Top 10 Laid-back Islands without Cars
8. Carfree France
9. Carfree France
10. Carfree France
11. Carfree France
12. Carfree France
13. Carfree France
14. Carfree islands
15. Îles Chausey, sur saintjeanlethomas.com
16. Monheim, R. (1997). "The Evolution from Pedestrian Areas to 'Car-free' City Centres in Germany". In Tolley, R. (ed.). The greening of urban transport : planning for walking and cycling in Western cities (2nd ed.). Chichester: Wiley. pp. 253–265.
17. Elephanta island on Lonely Planet
18. Conserving and Valuing Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity: Economic, Institutional and Social Challenges, Livre numérique Google, page 117, 2012
19. Malawi Bradt Travel Guides, page 271, 2016
20. Frommer's 500 Extraordinary Islands, Livre numérique Google, ISBN 0470500700, page 24, 2010
21. carfree.com by J.H. Crawford
22. carfree.com by J.H. Crawford
23. "Tokelau looks to independence". The Sunday Star-Times. October 21, 2007. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
24. Lyngør, sur visitnorway.com
25. Talim Island
26. Fadiouth, l’île aux coquillages
27. About Easdale: An Introduction to Easdale Island, easdale.org
28. Mackinac State Historic Parks (1999). "Early Automobiles on Mackinac Island". Michigan Department of Natural Resources. Archived from the original on 14 November 2011. Retrieved 14 January 2021. [T]he running of horseless carriages be prohibited within the limits of the village of Mackinac
29. City of Mackinac Island, Michigan, Code of Ordinances §66.33, et seq.
30. Huschka, Amy (23 September 2019). "Shepler's Ferry responds to Mike Pence motorcade backlash: 'Exceptions always exist'". Detroit Free Press. Retrieved 14 January 2021.