List of active separatist movements in Oceania
This is a list of currently active separatist movements in Oceania. Separatism includes autonomism and secessionism. What is and is not considered an autonomist or secessionist movement is sometimes contentious. Entries on this list must meet three criteria:
- They are active movements with living, active members.
- They are seeking greater autonomy or self-determination for a geographic region (as opposed to personal autonomy).
- They are the citizen/peoples of the contested area.
Under each region listed is one or more of the following (except for The United States which only has the last one):
- De facto state: for regions with de facto autonomy from the government
- Proposed state: proposed name for a seceding sovereign state
- Proposed autonomous area: for movements toward greater autonomy for an area but not outright secession
- De facto autonomous government: for governments with de facto autonomous control over a region
- Government-in-exile: for a government based outside of the region in question, with or without control
- Political party (or parties): for political parties involved in a political system to push for autonomy or secession
- Militant organisation(s): for armed organisations
- Advocacy group(s): for non-belligerent, non-politically participatory entities
- Ethnic/ethno-religious/racial/regional/religious group(s)
Australia
- Ethnic group: Aboriginal Australians
- Proposed state: various
- Pressure groups: Aboriginal Tent Embassy, Murrawarri Republic
- Ethnic group: Muruwari
- Proposed state: Murrawarri Republic
- Ethnic group: Torres Strait Islanders
- Proposed state: Torres Strait Islands[1][2][3]
- Proposed state: Western Australia
- Proposed state: Tasmania
- Pressure groups: First Party of Tasmania
France
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French Polynesia
- People: Tahitians
- Political party: Tavini Huiraatira
- People: Tahitians
Indonesia
The map of native ethnic groups in Indonesia, foreign ethnic groups such as Chinese, Arab, and Indian are not shown, but usually inhabit urban areas.
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West Papua[8]
- Ethnic group: Papuan Malay
- Proposed State:
Republic of West Papua - Militant organisation: Free Papua Movement (still an active movement since 1963)
- Proposed State:
New Zealand
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Cook Islands
Autonomist movements
- People: South Islanders
- Proposed autonomous region: New Munster Province
Secessionist movements
- Ethnic group: Cook Islanders
- Proposed state:
Republic of the Cook Islands
- Initiative by the Cook Islands Ariki which considers both the Cook Islands' previous status as a British protectorate and its current status as associated state of New Zealand to be illegitimate. Aims to set up the Cook Islands as a sovereign state independent of both the United Kingdom and New Zealand.[10]
- Proposed state:
- Ethnic group: Maōri
- Proposed state: Republic of New Zealand
- Political parties: Māori Party, Mana Party
- Proposed state: Republic of New Zealand
- People: South Islanders
- Proposed state: South Island
Papua New Guinea
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Autonomist movements
- Proposed autonomous province: New Ireland[11]
Secessionist movements
Bougainville (member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization)
- Proposed state: Bougainville[12]
- Political groups: Triune Government of Bougainville
United States
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- Ethnic group: Chamorro, Non-Natives
- Proposed state: Republic of Guam[14][15][16]
- Organization: Chamorro People's Association
- Movement: Guam Sovereignty Movement
- Militant organizations: Guam National Front, Guam People's Popular Front
- Ethnic group: Native Hawaiians, Non-Natives
- Proposed state:
Republic of Hawaii or The Hawaiian Kingdom - Pressure groups: Nation of Hawaiʻi (organization), Office of Hawaiian Affairs, Ka Lāhui Hawaiʻi
- Political party: Aloha ʻĀina Party
- Proposed state:
(The purpose of these organizations and The Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement is to create Native Hawaiian nations within the State of Hawaii equal to Native American nations, or to obtain complete independence from the USA).
Vanuatu
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- Ethnic group: Ni-Vanuatu
- Proposed state or entity:
Republic of Vemerana
- Political party: Nagriamel
- Proposed state or entity:
References
- Sarah Elks (15 October 2011). For Mabo's sake, let my island home go: Torres Strait elder George Mye. The Australian. News Limited. Retrieved on 25 April 2012.
- Larine Statham (17 October 2011). Progress for Torres Strait independence. Courier Mail. Queensland Newspapers. Retrieved on 25 April 2012.
- (5 August 2009). MP supports Torres Strait independence. news.com.au. News Limited. Retrieved on 25 April 2012.
- "Native Village News". Nativevillage.org.
- "easterisland - www". Hectortobar.com. 2004-01-28. Archived from the original on 2017-04-06. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- "The Republic of Hau Pakumoto?". GeoCurrents. Retrieved 23 October 2014.
- "Chuuk Independence…From What, For What?".
- "Free Papua Movement (OPM)".
- "Banaba - Our Homeland". Abara Banaba. Retrieved 2009-04-10.
- (PDF) http://www.sovereigncookislands.info/img/dummies/Mr%20Joe%20Legg%2003.pdf. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - "Anis shares vision for autonomy for New Ireland". The National. September 26, 2017.
- "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2014-05-10.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
- "Solomons province pushes for independence in 'China switch' fallout". Reuters. 2020-09-02. Retrieved 2020-09-06.
- Gilbert, Haidee Eugenio. "'Right to self-determination': Guam appeals political status case to US Supreme Court". Pacific Daily News.
- Leon-Guerrero, Ken. "Letter: Guam just isn't ready for self-determination". Pacific Daily News.
- "UNPO: Guam Prepares for Largest March for Self-Determination on September 2nd 2019". unpo.org.
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