List of Ash'aris and Maturidis

The list of Ash'aris and Maturidis includes prominent adherents of the Ash'ari and Maturidi schools of thought. The Ash'aris are a doctrinal school of thought named after Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari, and the Maturidi school is named for Abu Mansur al-Maturidi. These two schools are essentially one. However, they differ in terms of about forty matters. These differences, however, consist only matters of detail.[1]

Both Imam al-Ash'ari and Imam al-Maturidi were Sunni Muslims who lived during the time of the first three centuries after the time of the Prophetic revelation. In Sunni Islam it is understood that the earliest scholars held the most weight with terms to encapsulating the religion as was intended by Prophet Muhammad. Both of them defended and upheld the transmitted beliefs of the Qur'an and Sunnah, as understood by mainstream Sunni Islam in each generation before them, from the extremes of excessive literalism.

Their teachings and methodology were accepted as the standard of mainstream Sunni Islam by clear general consensus of the scholarly community in their own times and in every generation since. The Malikis and Shafi'is, on the whole, became Ash'aris in theology, while majority of the Hanafis became Maturidis (who in many respects are similar to Ash'aris).[2]

Ash'aris
Main article: Ash'ari

Ash'aris are those who adhere to Imam Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari in his school of theology.

Ibn 'Abd al-Salam said: "Agreement has formed in subscribing to al-Ash'ari's doctrine among the Shafi'is, the Malikis, the Hanafis, and the nobility of the Hanbalis." His statement was endorsed in his time by the Maliki authority Abu 'Amr ibn al-Hajib and by the Shaykh of the Hanafis Jamal al-Din al-Hasiri. The Maliki imam Abu 'Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Musa al-Mayurqi said: "The Ahl al-Sunna among the Malikis, the Shafi'is, and the majority of the Hanafis speak with the tongue of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari and argue by his arguments." Taj al-Din al-Subki quoted it and went on to say: "We do not know any Malikis except they are Ash'aris."

There are some rare exceptions, such as Ibn 'Abd al-Barr and Abu 'Umar al-Talamnaki. As for Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani (310-386), he belonged to the Ash'ari school which he took, among others, from Abu Bakr ibn 'Abd al-Mu'min the student of Ibn Mujahid the student of Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari. Al-Qadi 'Iyad mentioned that in the year 368 Ibn Abi Zayd sent two of his students to deliver some of his books by hand to Ibn Mujahid who had requested them, with a full license to narrate them from him (ijaza). Ibn Abi Zayd notably defended the Ash'ari school in his epistle entitled "Al-Radd 'ala al-Qadariyya wa Munaqadat Risalet al-Baghdadi al-Mu'tazili," a refutation of the attacks of the Mu'tazili 'Ali ibn Isma'il al-Baghdadi. Al-Mayurqi further narrated that Ibn Abi Zayd said: "Al-Ash'ari is a man famous for refuting the people of Innovation, the Qadariyya and the Jahmiyya, and he held fast to the Sunan."

Ibn 'Asakir in his "Tabyin Kadhib al-Muftari fima Nusiba ila al-Imam Abi al-Hasan al-Ash'ari" (Arabic: تبيين كذب المفتري فيما نسب إلى الإمام أبي الحسن الأشعري‎, lit. 'The Exposition of the Fabricator's Lies in What He Attributed to al-Ash'ari'), and Taj al-Din al-Subki in his "Tabaqat al-Shafi'iyya al-Kubra" (Arabic: طبقات الشافعية الكبرى‎, lit. 'Comprehensive Biographical dictionary of Shafi'ites') listed the most illustrious figures of the Ash'ari scholars, starting with the biographical layer of al-Ash'ari himself.[3]

Malikis

Shafi'is

Hanbalis

Zahiris

Ash'ari leaders

Maturidis
Main article: Maturidi

Abu Mansur al-Maturidi, who was a leading theologian and jurist of his time in Transoxiana (Ma Wara' al-Nahr) in Central Asia, was the founder of the Maturidiyya theological school. This was one of the two principal Sunni schools of kalam, or Islamic theology.[4] Unlike Ash'arism, Maturidite theology has always remained associated exclusively with only one Sunni madhhab, that of Abu Hanifa.[5]

Maturidi leaders

See also

References
  1. Harun Yahya (2007). The Importance of the Ahl Al-sunnah. Global Publishing. p. 57.
  2. Abdullah Saeed (2006). Islamic Thought: An Introduction. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 9781134225651.
  3. Al-Bayhaqi (1999). Allah's Names and Attributes. Translated by Gibril Fouad Haddad. Islamic Supreme Council of America. pp. 17–18. ISBN 9781930409033.
  4. Cenap Çakmak (2017). Islam: A Worldwide Encyclopedia [4 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. p. 1013. ISBN 9781610692175.
  5. Clifford Edmund Bosworth (1989). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: Fascicules 111-112 : Masrah Mawlid. Brill Publishers. pp. 847–848. ISBN 9789004092396.

Further reading
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