List of African animals extinct in the Holocene

The list of extinct animals in Africa features the animals that have become extinct on the African continent and its islands, like Madagascar, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Réunion, Seychelles, Saint Helena, Cape Verde, etc. Only extinctions of the Holocene Epoch are included.

Map of Africa

Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.

Mammals

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Archaeoindris	Before 1500	Madagascar
Archaeolemur	Before 1500	Madagascar
Babakotia	Before 1500	Madagascar
Atlas wild ass Equus africanus atlanticus	300	North Africa	--
Canary Islands giant rat Canariomys bravoi and Canariomys tamarani	Before 1500 AD	Spain (Canary Islands)
Damaliscus hypsodon	10000 BC[1]	East Africa
Giant aye-aye Daubentonia robusta	1000 AD	Madagascar	--
Giant fossa Cryptoprocta spelea[2]	before 1400	Madagascar
Hadropithecus	Before 1500	Madagascar
Hipposideros besaoka The largest insectivorous bat of Madagascar	10,000 BC	Madagascar	--
Koala lemur Megaladapis sp.	1420 AD	Madagascar
Lava mouse Malpaisomys insularis	Before 1500	Spain (Canary Islands)	--
Bibymalagasy Plesiorycteropus sp.	200 BC	Madagascar	--
Malagasy hippopotamus Hippopotamus sp.[3][4]	1000 AD	Madagascar
Megaceroides algericus Deer with a bizarre wide, short, incredibly thick skull	4000 BC	North Africa
Megalotragus sp. Very large bovids	10,000 BC	Africa
Mesopropithecus	Before 1500	Madagascar
Microgale macpheei Type of shrew tenrec	100 AD	Madagascar	--
North African elephant Loxodonta africana pharaoensis	300 AD	North Africa
Syncerus (formerly Pelorovis) antiquus Very large, African buffalo-like bovid	2000 BC	Africa

Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Atlas bear Ursus arctos crowtheri	1870s	North Africa
Aurochs Bos primigenius[5]	Unknown (Africa), 1627(Europe)	North Africa
Bluebuck Hippotragus leucophaeus[6]	1799 or 1800	South Africa
Bubal hartebeest Alcelaphus buselaphus buselaphus[7]	1925	North Africa
Cape lion Panthera leo melanochaitus	1876	South Africa
Cape serval Leptailurus serval serval	Unknown	South Africa	--
Cape warthog Phacochoerus aethiopicus aethiopicus	1871	South Africa	--
Kenya oribi Ourebia ourebi kenyae[8]	Unknown	Kenya	--
Large sloth lemur Palaeopropithecus sp.[9]	1500s	Madagascar
Lesser Mascarene flying fox Pteropus subniger[10]	1864-1873	Mauritius and France (Reunion)
Quagga Equus quagga quagga[11]	August 12, 1883	Namibia and South Africa
Red gazelle Eudorcas rufina[12]	1894	Algeria	--
Robert's lechwe Kobus leche robertsi[13]	Unknown	South Africa	--
Western black rhinoceros Diceros bicornis longipes[14]	1996	Cameroon

Possibly extinct

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
De Winton's golden mole Cryptochloris wintoni[15]	1907	South Africa	--
Ethiopian amphibious rat Nilopegamys plumbeus[16]	1927	Ethiopia	--
Wimmer's shrew Crocidura wimmeri[17]	1976	Côte d'Ivoire	--

Birds

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Alaotra grebe Tachybaptus rufolavatus	1985	Madagascar
Aldabra brush-warbler Nesillas aldabrana	1983	Seychelles	--
Ascension flightless crake Mundia elpenor	1656?	United Kingdom (Ascension)
Ascension night heron Nycticorax olsoni	1600s	United Kingdom (Ascension)	--
Broad-billed parrot Lophopsittacus mauritianus	1680	Mauritius
Canary Islands oystercatcher Haematopus meadewaldoi	1940	Spain (Canary Islands)
Canary Islands quail Coturnix gomerae	Unknown	Spain (Canary Islands)	--
Delalande's coua Coua delalandei	1834	Madagascar
Dodo Raphus cucullatus	1662	Mauritius
Eastern Canary Islands chiffchaff Phylloscopus canariensis exsul	1986	Spain (Canary Islands)	--
Elephant bird Aepyornis, Mullerornis sp. Vorombe titan	1600s	Madagascar
Lagrand's ground roller Brachypteracias lagrandi	Unknown	Madagascar	--
Large Saint Helena petrel Pseudobulweria rupinarum	early 16th century	United Kingdom (Saint Helena)	--
Madeiran wood pigeon Columba palumbus maderensis	1924	Portugal (Madeira)	--
Mascarene coot Fulica newtoni	c.1700	Mauritius and France (Reunion)
Mascarene grey parakeet Psittacula bensoni	1764	Mauritius	--
Mascarene parrot Mascarinus mascarinus	1834	France (Reunion)
Mauritian duck Anas theodori	1690s	Mauritius and France (Reunion)	--
Mauritian shelduck Alopochen mauritianus	1690s	Mauritius and France (Reunion)	--
Mauritius blue pigeon Alectroenas nitidissimus	1830s	Mauritius
Mauritius grey parrot Psittacula bensoni	1764	Mauritius and France (Reunion)	--
Mauritius night-heron Nycticorax mauritianus	Late 17th century	Mauritius	--
Mauritius owl Mascarenotus sauzieri	1850	Mauritius
Mauritius starling Cryptopsar ischyrhynchus	Holocene Epoch	Mauritius	--
Newton's parakeet Psittacula exsul	c. 1875	Mauritius
Red rail Aphanapteryx bonasia	1700s	Mauritius
Réunion flightless ibis Threskiornis solitarius	Early 18th century	France (Réunion)
Réunion gallinule Porphyrio coerulescens	1730	France (Réunion)
Réunion kestrel Falco duboisi	1700s	France (Reunion)	--
Réunion night-heron Nycticorax duboisi	1700s	France (Reunion)	--
Réunion owl Mascarenotus grucheti	1700s	France (Reunion)	--
Réunion pigeon Nesoenas duboisi	1705	France (Reunion)	--
Réunion shelduck Mascarenachen kervazoi	1690s	France (Reunion)	--
Réunion starling Fregilupus varius	1850s	France (Réunion)
Rodrigues night-heron Nycticorax megacephalus	1750s	Mauritius
Rodrigues owl Mascarenotus murivorus	1750s	Mauritius	--
Rodrigues parrot Necropsittacus rodericanus	1750s	Mauritius
Rodrigues rail Erythromachus leguati	1750s	Mauritius
Rodrigues solitaire Pezophaps solitaria	1778	Mauritius
Rodrigues starling Necropsar rodericanus	1750s	Mauritius
Saint Helena crake Porzana astrictocarpus	Early 17th century	United Kingdom (Saint Helena)	--
Saint Helena cuckoo Nannococcyx psix	late 18th century	United Kingdom (Saint Helena)	--
Saint Helena dove Dysmoropelia dekarchiskos	After 1502	United Kingdom (Saint Helena)	--
Saint Helena hoopoe Upupa antaios	Early 16th century	United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
Saint Helena rail Porzana astrictocarpus	After 1502	United Kingdom (Saint Helena)	--
Seychelles parakeet Psittacula wardis	1886	Seychelles
Small Saint Helena petrel Bulweria bifax	After 1502	United Kingdom (Saint Helena)	--
Tristan moorhen Gallinula nesiotis	late 19th century	United Kingdom (Tristan da Cunha)

Reptiles

Prehistoric extinctions (beginning of the Holocene to 1500 CE)

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Voay robustus	100 AD	Madagascar

Recent extinctions (1500 AD to present)

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Cape Verde giant skink Macroscincus coctei[18]	1940	Cape Verde
Domed Mauritius giant tortoise Cylindraspis triserrata[19]	Early 18th century	Mauritius	--
Domed Rodrigues giant tortoise Cylindraspis peltastes[20]	1800s	Mauritius
Eastwood's long-tailed seps Tetradactylus eastwoodae[21]	1912	South Africa	--
Hoffstetter's worm snake Typhlops cariei[22]	Unknown	Mauritius	--
Mauritian giant skink Didosaurus maurtianus[23]	1650	Mauritius	--
Mozambique centipede-eater Aparallactus nigriceps	Unknown	Mozambique	--
Réunion giant tortoise Cylindraspis indica[24]	1840s	France (Reunion)
Rodrigues day gecko Phelsuma edwardnewtoni	1917	Mauritius
Rodrigues giant day gecko Phelsuma gigas[25]	1842	Mauritius	--
Roque Chico de Salmor giant lizard Gallotia simonyi simonyi	1930s	Spain (Canary Islands)
Round Island burrowing boa Bolyeria multocarinata[26]	1975	Mauritius	--
Saddle-backed Mauritius giant tortoise Cylindraspis inepta[27]	Early 18th century	Mauritius	--
Saddle-backed Rodrigues giant tortoise Cylindraspis vosmaeri[28]	1800s	Mauritius

Amphibians

Common name\scientific name	Extinction date	Range	Image
Du Toit's torrent frog Arthroleptides dutoiti	1962	Kenya	--
Osgood's Ethiopian toad Altiphrynoides osgoodi	2003	Ethiopia	--
Togo slippery frog Conraua derooi	Unknown	Ghana and Togo	--

Fish

• Aplocheilichthys sp. nov. 'Naivasha'[29]
  1970s, Kenya
• Barbus microbarbis[30]
  Unknown, Rwanda
• Pantanodon madagascariensis[31]
  Unknown, Madagascar
• Ptychochromis onilahy[32]
  1962, Madagascar
• Salmo pallaryi[33]
  1930s, Morocco

Insects

The Saint Helena earwig

• Aplothorax burchelli
  Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Libythea cinyras[34]
  Unknown, Mauritius
• Mbashe River buff[35]
  Deloneura immaculata, 1863, South Africa
• Morant's blue[36]
  Lepidochrysops hypopolia, 1879, South Africa
• Saint Helena giant earwig[37]
  Labidura herculeana, 1967, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Saint Helena darter[38]
  Sympetrum dilatatum, 1964, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)

Crustacean

• Afrocyclops pauliani[39]
  1951, Madagascar
• Namibcypris costata[40]
  Unknown, Namibia
• Tropodiaptomus ctenopus[41]
  Unknown, Madagascar

Molluscs

• Caldwellia philyrina Unknown, Mauritius
• Campolaemus perexilis Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Chilonopsis blofeldi Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Chilonopsis exulatus Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Chilonopsis helena Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Chilonopsis melanoides Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Chilonopsis nonpareil Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Chilonopsis subplicatus Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Chilonopsis subtruncatus Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Chilonopsis turtoni Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Colparion madgei Unknown, Mauritius
• Ctenoglypta newtoni Unknown, Mauritius
• Cyclophorus horridulum Unknown, France (Mayotte)
• Cyclosurus mariei Unknown, France (Mayotte)
• Dupontia proletaria Unknown, France (Reunion) and Mauritius
• Erepta nevilli Unknown, Mauritius
• Gibbus lyonetianus Unknown, Mauritius
• Gonidomus newtoni Unknown, Mauritius
• Gonospira nevilli Unknown, Mauritius
• Gulella mayottensis Unknown, France (Mayotte)
• Harmogenanina linophora Unknown, France (Reunion) and Mauritius
• Harmogenanina subdetecta Unknown, France (Reunion)
• Helenoconcha leptalea Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Helenoconcha minutissima Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Helenoconcha polyodon Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Helenoconcha pseustes Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Helenoconcha sexdentata Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Helenodiscus bilamellata Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Helenodiscus vernoni Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Madeiran land snail 1878, Portugal (Madeira)
• Pachnodus velutinus 1994, Seychelles
• Pachystyla rufozonata Unknown, Mauritius
• Pseudocampylaea loweii 1878, Portugal (Madeira)
• Pseudohelenoconcha spurca Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Pupilla obliquicosta Unknown, United Kingdom (Saint Helena)
• Rhachis comorensis Unknown, France (Mayotte)
• Rhachis sanguineus Unknown, Mauritius
• Tropidophora desmazuresi Unknown, Mauritius
• Tropidophora semilineata Unknown, France (Mayotte)
• Unio cariei Unknown, France (Reunion)

See also

• List of extinct animals
• List of extinct animals of New Zealand
• List of extinct animals of Réunion
• List of extinct birds
• Extinct in the wild
• Lazarus taxon

References

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2. Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Cryptoprocta spelea (Giant Fossa)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
3. Boisserie, J.-R. (2008). "Hippopotamus guldbergi (Madagascan Dwarf Hippopotamus, Madagascan Pygmy Hippo, Malagasy Hippo)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
4. Boisserie, J.-R. (2008). "Hippopotamus lemerlei (Madagascan Dwarf Hippopotamus, Malagasy Hippo)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
5. Tikhonov, A. (2008). "Bos primigenius". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T136721A4332142. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136721A4332142.en.
6. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Hippotragus leucophaeus (Bluebuck, Blue Buck)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
7. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Alcelaphus buselaphus ssp. buselaphus (Bubal Hartebeest)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
8. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Ourebia ourebi ssp. kenyae (Kenya Oribi)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
9. Hoffmann, M. (2008). "Palaeopropithecus ingens". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T136532A4306543. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136532A4306543.en.
10. Mickleburgh, S.; Hutson, A.M.; Bergmans, W. & Howell, K. (2008). "Pteropus subniger". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T18761A8580195. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T18761A8580195.en.
11. Hack, M.A.; East, R. & Rubenstein, D.I. (2008). "Equus quagga ssp. quagga (Quagga)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
12. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Eudorcas rufina". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T8974A12944313. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T8974A12944313.en.
13. IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). "Kobus leche ssp. robertsi (Roberts' Lechwe)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
14. Emslie, R. (2011). "Diceros bicornis ssp. longipes (Western Black Rhino, Western Black Rhinoceros)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011. Retrieved December 23, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
15. Bronner, G. (1996). "Cryptochloris wintoni (De Winton's Golden Mole)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
16. Kerbis Peterhans, J. & Lavrenchenko, L. (2008). "Nilopegamys plumbeus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T40766A10363474. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T40766A10363474.en.
17. Hutterer, R. (1996). "Crocidura wimmeri (Wimmer's Shrew)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 20, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
18. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Macroscincus coctei (Cape Verde Giant Skink, Cocteau's Skink)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
19. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis triserrata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6064A12390055. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6064A12390055.en.
20. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis peltastes". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6063A12388776. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6063A12388776.en.
21. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Tetradactylus eastwoodae (Eastwood's Longtailed Seps, Eastwood's Whip Lizard)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
22. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Typhlops cariei". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T22607A9379456. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T22607A9379456.en.
23. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Leiolopisma mauritiana". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T11410A3277412. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T11410A3277412.en.
24. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis indica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6061A12383518. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6061A12383518.en.
25. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Phelsuma gigas". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T16925A6598516. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T16925A6598516.en.
26. Madagascar Reptile & Amphibian Specialist Group (1996). "Bolyeria multocarinata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T2864A9488737. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T2864A9488737.en.
27. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis inepta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6062A12385198. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6062A12385198.en.
28. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Cylindraspis vosmaeri". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6065A12391587. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6065A12391587.en.
29. Hanssens, M. (2004). "Aplocheilichthys sp. nov. 'Naivasha'". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
30. Ntakimazi, G. (2006). "Barbus microbarbis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006. Retrieved December 28, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
31. Loiselle, P.; Participants of the CBSG/ANGAP CAMP "Faune de Madagascar" workshop (2004). "Pantanodon madagascariensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Mantasoa, Madagascar, 2001. 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2013.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
32. Loiselle, P. & Participants of the CBSG/ANGAP CAMP "Faune de Madagascar" workshop (2004). "Ptychochromis sp. nov. 'Kotro'". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Mantasoa, Madagascar, 2001. 2004. Retrieved December 28, 2013.CS1 maint: location (link) CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
33. Crivelli, A.J. (2006). "Salmo pallaryi". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2006: e.T61190A12440688. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2006.RLTS.T61190A12440688.en.
34. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Libythea cinyras". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T11934A3316737. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T11934A3316737.en.
35. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Deloneura immaculata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T6331A12652621. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T6331A12652621.en.
36. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Lepidochrysops hypopolia". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T11537A3293608. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T11537A3293608.en.
37. World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1996). "Labidura herculeana (Saint Helena Earwig, St Helena Earwig)". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 25, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
38. Suhling, F. & Martens, A. (2011). "Sympetrum dilatatum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T21226A9259879. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-1.RLTS.T21226A9259879.en.
39. Reid, J.W. (1996). "Afrocyclops pauliani". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T611A13066717. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T611A13066717.en.
40. Inland Water Crustacean Specialist Group (1996). "Namibcypris costata". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996. Retrieved December 27, 2013.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)old-form url
41. Reid, J.W. (1996). "Tropodiaptomus ctenopus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 1996: e.T22379A9371437. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.1996.RLTS.T22379A9371437.en.

• IUCN 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 24 March 2006.

External links

• The Extinction Website
• IUCN Red List of Threatened Species