LSWR K10 class

The London and South Western Railway K10 Class was a class of 40 4-4-0 steam locomotives designed for mixed traffic work. They were introduced on the London and South Western Railway in 1901 and 1902 to the design of Dugald Drummond, where they earned the nickname "Small Hoppers".

LSWR/SR K10[1]
K10 number 386 at Eastleigh, 1950
Type and origin
Power typeSteam
DesignerDugald Drummond
BuilderLSWR Nine Elms Works
Build date1901-1902
Total produced40
Specifications
Configuration:
​
 • Whyte4-4-0
Gauge4 ft 8 1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge
Leading dia.3 ft 7 in (1.092 m)
Driver dia.5 ft 7 in (1.702 m)
Length? ft ? in (? m)
Loco weight46 long tons 14 cwt (104,600 lb or 47.4 t)
Fuel typeCoal
Fuel capacity5 long tons 0 cwt (11,200 lb or 5.1 t)
Water cap4,000 imp gal (18,000 l; 4,800 US gal)
Boiler pressure175 lbf/in2 (1,210 kPa; 12.3 kgf/cm2)
CylindersTwo, inside
Cylinder size18 1⁄2 in × 26 in (470 mm × 660 mm)
Performance figures
Tractive effort19,755 lbf (87,870 N)
Career
OperatorsLondon and South Western Railway, Southern Railway, British Railways
Power classLSWR/SR: F
BR: 1MT
LocaleGreat Britain
Withdrawn1947–1951
DispositionAll scrapped

Background

In order to satisfy a pressing requirement for mixed-traffic locomotives, Drummond adopted the solution of a small-wheeled 4-4-0 he had previously employed on the Caledonian Railway. The resulting K10 had the same 5 ft 7 in (1.702 m) diameter coupled wheels as the M7 and the boiler was interchangeable with the M7, 700 and C8 classes[2]

Construction history

Forty of the class were subsequently outshopped from the LSWR's Nine Elms Locomotive Works. They were generally paired with a 6-wheel tender because of their intended short journey lengths, which included local stopping trains and medium-level freight haulage, but as with the later L11 class, some could occasionally be seen with a 4,000-imperial-gallon (18,000 l; 4,800 US gal) "watercart" tender for longer trips.

Table of orders and numbers
YearBatchQuantityLSWR numbersNotes
1901
K10
5
329, 340–343
1902
L10
5
344–345, 347, 393–394
1902
P10
5
380–384
1902
S10
5
385–389
1902
V10
5
135–136, 390–392
1902
A11
5
137–141
1902
C11
5
142–146
1902
E11
5
149–153

Livery and numbering

LSWR and Southern
No.139 at Feltham 1947

Livery under the LSWR was Drummond's LSWR Passenger Sage Green, with purple-brown edging and black and white lining.[3] Under Southern Railway ownership from grouping in 1923, the locomotives were outshopped in Richard Maunsell's darker version of the LSWR Sage Green with yellow lettering on the tender, with black and white lining. This livery was continued under Oliver Bulleid despite his experimentations with Malachite green, though the 'Southern' lettering on the tender was changed to the 'Sunshine Yellow' style. During the Second World War, members of the class outshopped form overhaul were turned out in wartime black. The class was haphazardly numbered by the LSWR. Numbering under the Southern retained the LSWR allocations.[1]

Post-1948 (nationalisation)

In 1947 nos.136/8/49 & nos.342/4/7/81/7/8 were placed out of use leaving just thirty-one to enter into British Railways ownership upon nationalisation in 1948. However, with withdrawals rapidly continuing only no.381 physically received its new BR number (30381 in ‘Sunshine Yellow’ and still with ‘Southern’ on its black unlined tender). But it too was withdrawn (April 1951) before no.389 (failed July 1951) and no.384 (already condemned but serviceable to August 1951). None of the K10 class carried the Railway Executive’s Standard Livery for British Railways (as published in February 1949). [1]

Operational details

The class shared the same inability to sustain their power over long distances as the C8s, leading to the K10s being employed only on occasional main line trips over short distances. The class therefore gained the nickname of "Small Hoppers" from their crews. The aforementioned defect was not a hindrance, with the class leading an admirable career on secondary routes. Due to the LSWR being primarily a passenger railway, there were few heavy goods services that would have proved too much for the design despite its flaws.

Table of withdrawals
YearQuantity in
service at
start of year		Quantity
withdrawn		Locomotive numbersNotes
1947409136/138/149, 342/344/347/381/387–388
1948318139/143/145–146/150/340/343/392
19492315(30)135/137/141/144/152–153, (30)341/345/380/383/385–386/391/393–394BR numbers allocated but not carried
195085(30)140/142/151, (30)329/390BR numbers allocated but not carried
19513330382, (30)384/38930382 was the only K10 to physically carry its BR 30,000 series number.

Comparison with L11

According to Dendy Marshall,[4] the main differences between the K10 "Small Hoppers" and the L11 "Large Hoppers" were:

Preservation

None have been preserved.

References
  1. Bradley (1986).
  2. Casserley (1971) / Burtt [1949]. pp. 125, 126.
  3. Swift (2006)
  4. Dendy Marshall & Kidner (1963), p. 176
  • Bradley, D. L. (1986). LSWR Locomotives: The Drummond Classes. Didcot, Oxon: Wild Swan Publications. ISBN 0-906867-42-8.
  • Casserley, H.C. (1971) London and South Western locomotives, incorporating Burtt, F. [1949] LSWR locomotives—a survey. Shepperton, Surrey: Ian Allan Limited.
  • Dendy Marshall, C.F.; Kidner, R.W. (1963) [1937]. History of the Southern Railway (2nd ed.). Shepperton: Ian Allan. ISBN 0-7110-0059-X.
  • Longworth, Hugh (2005). British Railway Steam Locomotives: 1948–1968. Oxford Publishing Company. ISBN 0-86093-593-0.
  • Swift, Peter (2006). Maunsell 4-6-0 King Arthur Class. Locomotives in Detail, volume 4. Hinckley: Ian Allan Publishing. ISBN 0-7110-3086-3.

Further reading
  • Ian Allan ABC of British Railways Locomotives, 1949 edition, part 2
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