Kruzenshtern (ship)

Kruzenshtern or Krusenstern (Russian: Крузенштерн) is a four-masted barque (Russian: барк) that was built in 1926 at Geestemünde in Bremerhaven, Germany as Padua (named after the Italian city). She was surrendered to the USSR in 1946 as war reparation and renamed after the early 19th century Baltic German explorer in Russian service, Adam Johann Krusenstern (1770–1846). She is now a Russian sail training ship.

For other uses, see Krusenstern (disambiguation).
Kruzenshtern sails astern of Statsraad Lehmkuhl
History
Germany
Name: Padua
Namesake: Padua
Owner: F. Laeisz, Hamburg (1926–46)
Operator: F. Laeisz, Hamburg (1926–46)
Port of registry:
  • Hamburg (1920–1933)
  • Hamburg (1933–1945)
  • Hamburg (1945–1946)
Route: as Padua: between Hamburg & Chile
Builder: Joh. C. Tecklenborg, Bremerhaven
Yard number: 408
Launched: 11 June 1926
Fate: surrendered to the USSR as reparations 1946
Soviet Union
Name: Krusenstern
Namesake: Admiral Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern (Russian: Ива́н Фёдорович Крузенште́рн), born Adam Johann Ritter von Krusenstern
Owner: Soviet Navy (1946–91)
Port of registry:
  • Riga (1946–1981)
  • Tallinn (1981–1991)
Russia
Name: Krusenstern
Namesake: Admiral Ivan Fyodorovich Kruzenshtern (Russian: Ива́н Фёдорович Крузенште́рн), born Adam Johann Ritter von Krusenstern
Owner: Baltic State Academy Kaliningrad (from 1991)
Port of registry: Kaliningrad (from 1991)
Acquired: 1991
Identification:
Status: in service
General characteristics
Type:
  • cargo ship (1926–46)
  • survey ship & training ship (1961–65)
  • training ship 1965–present
Tonnage: 3,064 GRT (as Padua)[1]
Length: 114.4 m (375 ft)
Beam: 14.02 m (46.0 ft)
Height: 51.3 m (168 ft)
Draught: 6.8 m (22 ft)
Installed power: 2 × 1,000 bhp 8-cylinder diesel engines
Propulsion: sail & screw
Speed: 17.3 knots (32.0 km/h; 19.9 mph)
Crew: 257
Notes: Holds record for sailing between Hamburg and Australia via Chile: 8 months and 23 days

Of the four remaining Flying P-Liners, the former Padua is the only one still in use, mainly for training purposes, with her home ports in Kaliningrad (formerly Königsberg) and Murmansk. After Sedov, another former German ship, she is the largest traditional sailing vessel still in operation.

As Padua
Under sail

Launched in 1926 as the last of the P-Liners, Padua was commissioned as a cargo ship, used among other things to ship construction material to Chile, South America, returning with saltpeter around Cape Horn. Later she transported wheat from Australia. Her maiden voyage from Hamburg to Talcahuano, Chile took 87 days. In 1933–1934 she took a record-breaking 67 days from Hamburg to Port Lincoln in South Australia. Prior to World War II she made 15 long trips to Chile and Australia. Her fastest voyage was in 1938–1939, from Hamburg via Chile to Australia and back to Hamburg in 8 months and 23 days under Captain Richard Wendt — a world record voyage for tall ships that has never been broken.

Like all P-liners, Padua was painted according to the colours of the German national flag of the German Empire era: black (hull above water, topsides), white (waterline area) and red (underwater body).

As Kruzenshtern

On 12 January 1946 she was surrendered to the USSR and integrated into the Baltic Fleet of the Soviet Navy. She was moored in Kronstadt harbour until 1961 where she underwent major repairs and a refit (e.g. the installation of her first engines) for her missions for the Hydrographic Department of the Soviet Navy. From 1961 to 1965 she undertook many hydrographic and oceanographical surveys for the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in the Atlantic Ocean, the Caribbean, and Mediterranean, and was used as a training vessel for naval cadets. In 1965 she was transferred to the USSR Ministry of Fisheries in Riga to be used as a schoolship for future fishery officers.

From 1968 to 1972 a major modernisation took place, installing her current set of engines and applying her current hull paint – black with a wide white stripe with black rectangles intended to give the illusion of gunports. Kruzenshtern led the international procession of tall ships into New York Harbor for Operation Sail on 4 July 1976.

At Sail Bremerhaven 2005
Line art of Kruzenshtern

In January 1981 she was transferred to the "Estonian Fisheries Industry" at Tallinn and in 1991 she became part of the "State Baltic Academy of the Fisheries" fleet with her new home port in Kaliningrad.

Kruzenshtern takes part in many international regattas. After the dissolution of the Soviet Union funding became a problem, so passengers are carried for that purpose. In 1995–96 she circumnavigated the world in the trail of her namesake. She again sailed around the world in 2005–06 to commemorate the 200th anniversary of Krusenstern's circumnavigation.[2]

The ship was used in three German films — Die Meuterei auf der Elsinore (1935); Herz geht vor Anker (1940) and Große Freiheit Nr. 7 (1944), as well as a number of Russian and Soviet films.

Крузенштерн at SAIL Amsterdam 2005

In 1997 she was the main subject of an Estonian/British documentary produced by Allfilm and First Freedom Productions called 'Tall Ship' and transmitted on Discovery. The one-hour programme was directed by Rein Kotov and produced by Graham Addicott and Pille Runk.

On 23 June 2009 while she was en route to the Charleston, South Carolina Harborfest, her foremast was damaged in a storm off Bermuda when the sail backed and snapped the mast.[3]

On 3 May 2010 she stopped in Bremerhaven after a trip of five months with stops in Vancouver for the 2010 Winter Olympics and in Cuba, after which she returned to Kaliningrad. On 4 August 2014, Kruzenshtern sank the tug Diver Master at Esbjerg, Denmark when a line between the two vessels failed to release.[4] On 11 June 2015, she rammed the two Icelandic Coastguard patrol ships Þór and Týr. Both vessels sustained damage.[5] On 27 June, she ran aground at Archangelsk. She was refloated that day.[6]

Trivia

Padua is shown in the German film Große Freiheit Nr. 7 from 1944 as the ship on which the main actor signs up at the end.

Along with STS Mir, the ship has been one of the main attractions during the Norwegian Constitution Day celebration in Larvik, Vestfold. The ship is usually docked at the main pier and the crew joins the citizens' and children's parade through the city.

See also

Notes
  1. Harnack, Edwin P (1938) [1903]. All About Ships & Shipping (7th ed.). London: Faber and Faber. p. 17.
  2. Известия.Ру: Выжиматель ветра вернулся домой Archived 2007-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  3. "Harbor Fest tall ship is storm-tossed: Fierce thunderstorm snaps Russian tall ship's foremast". The Post and Courier. 2009-06-23. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
  4. Hancock, Paul (4 August 2014). "TUG SUNK BY RUSSIAN TALL SHIP". Shipwrecklog. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  5. Elliott, Alëx (12 June 2015). "Russian Ship Hits and Damages Icelandic Coastguard Vessels". icelandreview. Retrieved 12 June 2015.
  6. "Tall ship Kruzenshtern in trouble again". Fleetmon. 28 June 2015. Retrieved 16 December 2017.

Further reading
  • Burmester, Heinz: Das Rennen Passat contra Padua 1935. Albatros Jg. 34, Bremen, 1989. pp 1–5, ill. Translation of Olof Granquist's account of this journey published in De våra i främmande land, December 1944.
  • Burmester, Heinz: Den stora kappseglingen Padua versus Passat. Longitude 17, Stockholm, 1981. pp 28–39, ill.
  • Feddersen, Hans-Peter: Acht Tage auf der Krusenstern / Padua. Albatros Jg. 34, Bremen, 1989. pp 26–27.
  • Gerdau, Kurt: Viermastbark Padua … ein ruhmreiches Schiff. Koehlers Verlagsgesellschaft, Herford, 1978. 8vo, 99, (5) pp, 12 pl.
  • Grönstrand, Lars: Seglande skepps farter. Longitude 3, Stockholm, 1968. pp 30–37, ill.

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