Kostanay

Kostanay (Kazakh: Қостанай, romanized: Qostanaı, قوستاناي; Russian: Костанай, romanized: Kostanay) is a city located on the Tobol River in northern Kazakhstan. It was known as Nikolayevsk (Russian: Николаевск) until 1895 and then as Kustanay (Russian: Кустанай) until 1997. Kostanay is the administrative center of the Kostanay Region.

Kostanay

Qostanaı
Flag
Seal
Kostanay
Location in Kazakhstan
Coordinates: 53.20°N 63.62°E / 53.20; 63.62
CountryKazakhstan
RegionKostanay Region
Founded1879
Incorporated (city)1893
Government
 • Akim (mayor)Bazyl Zhakupov
Area
 • Total240 km2 (90 sq mi)
Highest elevation
185 m (607 ft)
Lowest elevation
125 m (410 ft)
Population
 (2009)
 • Total214,916
 • Density900/km2 (2,300/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+6 (Asia/Almaty)
Postal code
110000
Area code(s)+7 7142[1]
Vehicle registrationP
Websitewww.kostanay-city.kz

History

Kostanay was founded by Russian settlers in 1879 and named Nikolaevsk, in honor of Tsar Nicholas II.[2] In 1888, the town had more than 3,000 inhabitants involved in the building of a mill and a brewery, which are still operational. In 1893, Kustanay was granted city status. The Red Army took control in 1918 and changed the city's name to Kustanay. The Kustanay Region was established in 1936 with its administrative center in Kustanay. Six years after fall of Soviet Union, Kazakhstan renamed it to Kostanay. In 2009, the city population was 214,916 (2009 Census results).[3]


Geographic location

The city is located in the steppe zone in the north of the Turgay plateau, in the south-eastern part of the West Siberian Plain, on the Tobol River, 571 km north-west of Nur-Sultan city (704 km along the highway). The nearest million-plus city is Russian Chelyabinsk, located 260 km (along the highway over 300 km) to the north-west of Kostanay.

Public institutions

In Kostanay, there are five institutions of higher education. There are also 22 high schools which educate over 12,200 students. The state network of culture lists 381 libraries, 201 club establishments, 8 museums, and 2 theatres. Athletic facilities include 2 sports arenas, 26 stadiums, 10 sports complexes and 567 sports halls.

Climate

Kostanay has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification: Dfb), with hot, dry summers and cold snowy winters. Average July temperature: +20.9 ° C; January: −14.5 ° C; sharp changes in temperature during the day are characteristic; the average wind speed is 3.2 m / s, mainly in the south in winter and in the north in summer. Precipitation on average per year: 300-350 mm, maximum precipitation occurs in the summer. The average annual humidity is 71%. The growing season is about 170 days.

Climate data for Kostanay (1981–2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 3.2
(37.8)		 3.8
(38.8)		 16.6
(61.9)		 30.6
(87.1)		 38.6
(101.5)		 41.0
(105.8)		 40.8
(105.4)		 39.9
(103.8)		 36.3
(97.3)		 28.6
(83.5)		 14.3
(57.7)		 6.8
(44.2)		 41.0
(105.8)
Average high °C (°F) −10.1
(13.8)		 −9.1
(15.6)		 −2.0
(28.4)		 11.3
(52.3)		 20.6
(69.1)		 26.7
(80.1)		 27.1
(80.8)		 25.4
(77.7)		 19.0
(66.2)		 10.2
(50.4)		 −1.5
(29.3)		 −8.1
(17.4)		 9.1
(48.4)
Daily mean °C (°F) −14.5
(5.9)		 −14.0
(6.8)		 −7.3
(18.9)		 5.4
(41.7)		 13.8
(56.8)		 19.9
(67.8)		 20.9
(69.6)		 18.8
(65.8)		 12.5
(54.5)		 4.8
(40.6)		 −5.5
(22.1)		 −12.3
(9.9)		 3.5
(38.3)
Average low °C (°F) −18.9
(−2.0)		 −18.6
(−1.5)		 −12.0
(10.4)		 0.2
(32.4)		 7.5
(45.5)		 13.5
(56.3)		 15.2
(59.4)		 13.1
(55.6)		 7.1
(44.8)		 0.5
(32.9)		 −8.1
(17.4)		 −16.5
(2.3)		 −1.5
(29.3)
Record low °C (°F) −45.8
(−50.4)		 −47.8
(−54.0)		 −37.3
(−35.1)		 −24.0
(−11.2)		 −9.5
(14.9)		 −2.1
(28.2)		 2.9
(37.2)		 −0.7
(30.7)		 −8.7
(16.3)		 −23.0
(−9.4)		 −37.6
(−35.7)		 −44.5
(−48.1)		 −47.8
(−54.0)
Average precipitation mm (inches) 19
(0.7)		 15
(0.6)		 15
(0.6)		 25
(1.0)		 35
(1.4)		 35
(1.4)		 54
(2.1)		 35
(1.4)		 25
(1.0)		 29
(1.1)		 25
(1.0)		 24
(0.9)		 336
(13.2)
Average rainy days 0 0 3 7 13 11 12 12 11 9 4 1 83
Average snowy days 19 16 12 4 1 0.1 0 0 0.3 5 13 18 88
Average relative humidity (%) 82 81 81 68 58 57 64 64 64 73 82 82 71
Mean monthly sunshine hours 96 141 201 251 296 322 321 283 210 139 90 78 2,428
Source 1: Pogoda.ru.net[4]
Source 2: NOAA (sun, 1961–1990)[5]

Culture
Coin with Kostanay

Kostanay has a rich historical-cultural heritage. The regional center includes a Sunni mosque, the Regional Administration Building, Kostanay State University, the Kostanay Regional Memorial Museum of Altynsarin, the Kazakh Drama Theatre, Central Square and a railway station. Historical monuments include the Ybyrai Altynsarin monument, the Akhmet Baitursynov monument, a memorial dedicated to victims of the Second World War, the "Execution wall" (where Alexander Kolchak's army officers were executed by Red Army soldiers), and the Alexander Pushkin monument.

The city has 173 monuments of historical and cultural significance. Of these, 3 are of republican significance, 48 local, 25 obelisks and busts and 97 memorial plaques.[3]


Transportation
Soyuz TMA-06M crew members are greeted at the Kostanay Airport

Kostanay is connected by road with the following cities in Russia: Chelyabinsk, Magnitogorsk, Troitsk, Yekaterinburg, Kurgan and Tyumen. It is also connected to Kokshetau, Nur-Sultan and Almaty in Kazakhstan. Fifty-three railway stations carry passengers and cargo from the city. Oil is delivered by rail from Russia as well as oil refineries in Kazakhstan.

Kostanay International Airport handles common and charter flights to many cities in Kazakhstan, former Soviet republics, Germany (Frankfurt and Hanover), the United Arab Emirates, Turkey, and other countries. The airport also functions as a local port of entry and customs checkpoint.

Sport

Kostanay is home to the FC Tobol football club, based in the Kostanay Central Stadium, which participates in the Kazakhstan Super League. Kostanay also has a basketball team, BK Tobol Kostanay, which participates in the Kazakhstan Basketball Cup. The city has an ice rink for winter sports, and in 2016, a team participated in the national bandy championship in Khromtau for junior players born in 1999–2000.[6]

Twin towns – sister cities
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Kazakhstan

Kostanay is twinned with:[7]

References
  1. CODE OF ACCESS
  2. "Kostanay city". visitkazakhstan.kz. Retrieved 2015-10-06.
  3. "Население Республики Казахстан" (in Russian). Департамент социальной и демографической статистики. Retrieved 8 December 2013.
  4. "Weather and Climate - The Climate of Kostanay" (in Russian). Weather and Climate (Погода и климат). Archived from the original on 25 November 2016. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  5. "Kustanai (Kostanay) Climate Normals 1961–1990". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 25 November 2016.
  6. "С 21 по 24 января 2016г. на стадионе «Горняк» г. Хромтау стартовал Чемпионат Республики Казахстан по хоккею с мячом среди юниоров 1999-2000 г.р." Hromtau.aktobe.gov.kz. Archived from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved September 5, 2016.
  7. "Есть ли побратимы у Актау и других городов Казахстана". tumba.kz (in Russian). Tumba. 2019-05-04. Retrieved 2020-11-30.
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