Kenneth Pitzer

Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer (January 6, 1914 – December 26, 1997) was an American physical and theoretical chemist, educator, and university president.[1] He was described as "one of the most influential physical chemists of his era" whose work "spanned almost all of the important fields of physical chemistry: thermodynamics, statistical mechanics, molecular structure, quantum mechanics, spectroscopy, chemical bonding, relativistic chemical effects, properties of concentrated aqueous salt solutions, kinetics, and conformational analysis."[2]

Kenneth S. Pitzer
Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer
3rd President of Rice University
In office 1961–1968
Preceded by	William Vermillion Houston
Succeeded by	Norman Hackerman
6th President of Stanford University
In office 1969–1971
Preceded by	Wallace Sterling
Succeeded by	Richard W. Lyman
Personal details
Born	January 6, 1914 Pomona, California
Died	December 26, 1997 (aged 83) Berkeley, California
Father	Russell K. Pitzer
Alma mater	California Institute of Technology University of California, Berkeley
Awards	ACS Award in Pure Chemistry (1943) Priestley Medal (1969) National Medal of Science (1975) American Institute of Chemists Gold Medal (1976) Welch Award in Chemistry (1984)
Scientific career
Fields	Chemistry
Institutions	University of California, Berkeley Rice University Stanford University
Thesis	Theoretical calculations and experimental determinations of entropies and related thermodynamic quantities (1937)
Doctoral advisor	Wendell Latimer
Doctoral students	George C. Pimentel Oktay Sinanoğlu Robert Curl

Biography

He received his B.S. in 1935 from the California Institute of Technology and his Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley in 1937.[3] Upon graduation, he was appointed to the faculty of UC Berkeley's Chemistry Department and was eventually elevated to professor. From 1951 to 1960, he served as dean of the College of Chemistry.

He was the third president of Rice University from 1961 until 1968 and sixth president of Stanford University from 1969 until 1971. His tenure at Stanford was turbulent due to student protests.[4] Worn out by the confrontations, he announced his resignation in 1970 after a 19-month tenure. He returned to UC Berkeley in 1971. He retired in 1984, but continued research until his death.

He was Director of Research for the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission from 1949 to 1951 and a member of the National Academy of Sciences.[5]

As a scientist he was known for his work on the thermodynamic properties of molecules.[6][7][8] While still a graduate student he discovered that hydrocarbon molecules do not rotate unhindered around their C-C bonds. There is in fact a barrier to internal rotation, an important discovery upsetting the conventional wisdom and affecting the thermodynamic properties of hydrocarbons.[2] Some of his work is summed up in the Pitzer equations describing the behavior of ions dissolved in water.[2] During his long career he won many awards, most notably the National Medal of Science and the Priestley Medal.

His father, Russell K. Pitzer, founded Pitzer College, one of the five Claremont Colleges in California. His son, Russell M. Pitzer is also a notable chemist who is currently retired from the faculty at The Ohio State University. The Ohio Supercomputing System named their new cluster Pitzer in honour of Kenneth Pitzer. [9]

In the public hearing that led to the revocation of Robert Oppenheimer's security clearance, Kenneth Pitzer testified about his policy differences with Oppenheimer concerning the development of thermonuclear weapons.[10]

See also

• Pitzer equations
• Pitzer Strain [11]

Books

• Rossini, Frederick D.; Pitzer, Kenneth S.; Arnett, Raymond L.; Braun, Rita M.; Pimentel, George C. (1953). Selected Values of Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds: Comprising the Tables of the American Petroleum Institute Research Project 44 Extant as of December 31, 1952. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Press.
• Pitzer, Kenneth S. (1953). Quantum Chemistry. New York: Prentice-Hall.
• Pitzer, Kenneth S. (1995). Thermodynamics (third ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-050221-8. With acknowledgment to Gilbert Newton Lewis and Merle Randall, authors of the first edition, and to Leo Brewer, coauthor of the second edition.

References

1. Hughes, Sally Smith; Leberge, Germaine, eds. (1999). Regional Oral History Office, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley. Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer "Chemist and Administrator at UC Berkeley, Rice University, and Stanford University, and the Atomic Energy Commission, 1935-1997," an oral history conducted in 1996-1998 Missing or empty |title= (help)
2. E. Connick, Robert E. Connick (December 2000). "Kenneth Pitzer, 6 January 1914 · 26 December 1997". Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. 14 (4): 479–483. JSTOR 1515624.
3. Pitzer, Kenneth S. (1937). Theoretical calculations and experimental determinations of entropies and related thermodynamic quantities (Ph.D.). University of California, Berkeley. OCLC 843405035 – via ProQuest.
4. "Former Stanford president, renowned chemist Ken Pitzer, dies", Stanford University, January 6, 1998
5. National Academy of Sciences memoir Archived 2010-06-29 at the Wayback Machine
6. Curl, Robert F.; Gwinn, William D. (1990). "Biography of Kenneth S. Pitzer". J. Phys. Chem. 94 (20): 7743–7753. doi:10.1021/j100383a001.
7. Pitzer, Kenneth S., ed. (1993). Molecular Structure and Statistical Thermodynamics: Selected Papers of Kenneth S. Pitzer. World Scientific Series in 20th Century Chemistry. 1. Singapore: World Scientific. ISBN 981-02-1439-1.
8. Rard, Joseph A. (1999). "Memorial Tribute Kenneth Sanborn Pitzer 1914-1997". Journal of Solution Chemistry. 28 (4): 247–264. doi:10.1023/A:1022619709105. S2CID 189864882.
10. In the Matter of J. Robert Oppenheimer: Transcript of Hearing Before Personnel Security Board. Washington, D.C.: United States Government Printing Office. 1954. pp. 697–709.
11. Gold Book Link

External links

• Guide to the Kenneth S. Pitzer Papers at The Bancroft Library