Karate kata

Kata (Japanese: 形, or more traditionally, 型; lit. "form") is a Japanese word describing detailed patterns of movements practiced either solo or in pairs.[1] Karate kata are executed as a specified series of a variety of moves, with stepping and turning, while attempting to maintain perfect form. The kata is not intended as a literal depiction of a mock fight, but as a display of transition and flow from one posture and movement to another, teaching the student proper form and position, and encouraging them to visualise different scenarios for the use of each motion and technique. Karateka "read" a kata in order to explain the imagined events, a practice known as bunkai. There are various kata, each with many minor variations.

Motobu Chōki performing Naifanchi.

Teaching

Traditionally, kata are taught in stages. Previously learned kata are repeated to show better technique or power as a student acquires knowledge and experience. It is common for students testing to repeat every kata they have learned but at an improved level of quality.

The various styles of karate study different kata, or variations of a common core. Some kata may therefore be known by two names, one in Japanese, the other in Okinawan or Chinese. This is because Gichin Funakoshi, and others, renamed many kata to help Karate spread throughout Japan.

Origin

Kata originated from the practice of paired attack and defence drills by ancient Chinese martial artists. However, as the numbers of attacks and defences being practised increased the difficulty of remembering all of the drills also increased. An additional problem with the drills was the requirement for a partner to be present for all practice. Kata/forms were created as solo forms containing the concatenated sequences of movements of the defensive portions of the drills. The initial forms being simply strings of movements, sets of rules were created to allow the creation of kata which could fit comfortably within training spaces.[2]

Symbolism of 108 in kata

The number 108 has mythological significance in Dharmic religions. This number also figures prominently in the symbolism associated with Karate, particularly the Goju-ryū discipline. The ultimate Gōjū-ryū kata, Suparinpei, literally translates to 108. Suparinpei is the Chinese pronunciation of the number 108, while gojushi of Gojūshiho is the Japanese pronunciation of the number 54. The other Gōjū-ryū kata, Sanseru (meaning "36") and Seipai ("18") are factors of the number 108.[3]

Other Buddhist symbols within Karate include the term karate itself, the character kara can also be read as ku, which originates from sunya, positioning at the beginning of kata resembles the hand position of zazen, and custom of the bow upon entering and leaving the dojo and meeting the sensei, as is done in Buddhist temples and Zen dojo.[3]

Kata performed in various styles

Some kata and/or styles are not included here, due but not limited to popularity and common usage for kata, and recognition (or not) of styles by the various governing bodies.

Kata
Ryukyu Kempo
AnankuYesYesYesYesYesSomeSome
AnnanYesYesYes
AnnankoYesYesYes
AnsanYes
ChinteSomeYesYesYes
Chintō/Iwa Ame/GankakuYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
ChinsuYes
Fukyugata/Gekisai/ShinseiYesSomeYes
Gojūshiho/Useishi (some: dai and sho versions)YesYesYesYesYesYesYes
HappikenYes
JiinYesYesYes
JionYesYesYesYes
JitteYesSomeYesYesYesYesYes
JurokuYesYes
KururunfaYesYesYesYes
Kusanku/Kanku/Bokanku (some: dai and sho versions)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
Naihanchi/Tekki (some: series of 3)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesSomeYesYes
Nipaipo/NeipaiYesYesYes
Niseishi/NijushihoYesSomeYesYesYesYesYesYes
Bassai/Passai (some: dai and sho versions)YesYesYesYesYesYesSomeYesYesSome
Enpi/Wansu/WanshūYesYesYesYesYesSomeYesSomeYes
Pinan/Heian (series of 5)YesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesSome
Rōhai/MeikyoYesYesYesYesYesYesYesSome
RyukoSomeSomeSome
SaifāYesYesYesYesYesYes
SanchinYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
SankakutobiYes
Sanseiryu/SanseryuYesYesYes
SeichinYesYes
SeipaiYesYesYesYesYesYes
SeiryuYesYes
Seisan/HangetsuYesYesSomeYesYesYesYesYesYesYesSome
Seiyunchin/SeienchinYesYesYesYesYesYesYes
ShimpaYesYes
ShisōchinYesYesYesYes
SōchinYesYesYesYesSome
Suparimpei/PechurinYesYesYes
Taikyoku/Kihon (some: series of 3 or more)SomeYesSomeYesYesYesYesYesYes
TenshoYesYesSomeYesYesYes
Ten No KataYesSomeSome
UnsuYesYesYes
WanduanYes
Wankan/MatsukazeYesYesYesYesYesYesSome

See also

References
  1. "The Global Allure of Karate". 2 January 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  2. Toguchi, Seikichi (2001). Okinawan Goju-Ryu II: Advanced Techniques of Shorei-Kan Karate. Black Belt Communications. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-89750-140-8.
  3. "Hyaku Hachi No Bonno: 108 Defilements". www.seinenkai.com. Archived from the original on 1 June 2007. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
  4. Gōjū-ryū kata Archived 2006-04-21 at the Wayback Machine
  5. Shitō-ryū kata Archived 2012-05-24 at Archive.today
  6. "Best Travel Safety Tips & Tricks -". Best Travel Safety Tips & Tricks. Archived from the original on 7 February 2012. Retrieved 27 May 2018.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.