Kınık (tribe)

Qiniq (also spelled Qynyk or Qynyq, Turkish: Kınık, Turkmen: Gynyk) was an Oghuz Turkic (or Turkmen[1][2]) tribe.

Kinik
Tamgha of the Kinik tribe according to Mahmud al-Kashgari
Regions with significant populations
Azerbaijan, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Iran
Languages
Oghuz Turkic
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Oghuz Turks

Oghuz tribes
Main article: Oghuz Turk

Oghuz Turks are a branch of Turkic peoples. During the early Medieval Ages most of them were nomads and their political structure was tribal. There were 22 or 24 Oghuz tribes. The tribes were listed in a number of medieval books with Islamic sources calling Muslim Oghuzes as Turkmen by the 10th century. They were also mentioned in Oghuz legend. According to mythology there were 24 tribes in two main groups. Each group was represented by three brothers and each brother was supposed to have four sons. In this classification Kınık tribe is the descendant of Deniz Khan who in turn was in the group of Üçok.[3]

In the 11th century Dīwānu l-Luġat al-Turk by Mahmud of Kashgar Kınık was the first in the list. But in the list prepared by Rashid-al-Din Hamadani in the 13th century Kınık is the last one.[4] In the list of Turkmen (Oghuz) tribes provided by Abul-Ghazi, the Khan and historian of the Khanate of Khiva, in his work Shajara-i Tarākima (Genealogy of Turkmens), the Kınık tribe is menioned as descendants of Deniz Khan with the name of the tribe meaning "honourable".[5]

Kınık and the Seljuks

Kınık is historically notable because the Seljuk Empire was founded by Kınık tribe.[4] In 10th century the tribe leader was Dukak (nicknamed "Demiryaylı", 'with iron bow'). He was followed by Seljuk and then Arslan Yabgu. The Seljuk Empire was founded by Arslan’s nephew Tughril and his brother Chagri . The Seljuks of Anatolia, a branch of Seljuks, was founded by Suleiman ibn Qutulmish, Arslan Yabgu’s grandson.

Khan of Khiva and historian Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur wrote in his sixteenth-century work, Shajara-i Tarākima: "When Seljuks became masters of the Muslim world, they said: "We are of the Kinik tribe of the Turkmens," and then they said, "We fled from Kay Khosrow, the son of Afrasiab, and became the Kinik tribe of the Turkmens." The Seljuks counted their fathers and stopped at Afrasiab after 35 generations, saying that they were the sons and descendants of Afrasiab."[6]

In Anatolia

Most of the tribe migrated to Anatolia (Asiatic Turkey) during the Seljuk Empire and during the Mongol Invasion in the 13th century. In the Ottoman Empire official records of the 16th century, there were 81 settlements named Kınık.[4] Although they were largely absorbed in the other Oghuz tribes, there are still many settlements which bear the name Kınık. For example, in İzmir Province, Kınık is the name of one of the district (ilçe) centers. There are also many villages. Currently, the total number of various towns and settlements in Turkey carrying the tribal name of Kinik is 28.[7]

Settlements bearing the name Kınık
Afyonkarahisar Province
Ankara Province
Antalya Province
Bilecik Province

In Turkmenistan

Descendants of the Kinik tribe formed the Soltanyz and Üçurug tribes, which are now subdivisions of the Turkmen tribe of Tekke.[8][9]

References
  1. Бартольд (Bartold), Василий (Vasily) (1993). "Двенадцать лекций по истории турецких народов Средней Азии (12 Lectures on the History of Turkic Peoples of Middle Asia)". Историческая библиотека (History Library). Вопрос об отношении представителей власти к тому народу, из которого они вышли, был в государстве потомков Сельджука еще более сложен, чем в государстве Караханидов. …И все-таки они признавали себя не только огузами, или туркменами, но и выходцами из рода кынык (такое произношение указано у Махмуда Кашгарского), одного из 24 (по Махмуду Кашгарскому из 22) огузских родов… (The question of the attitude of the authorities to the people from which they emerged was even more complicated in the state of descendants of Seljuk than in the state of Karakhanids. ... And yet, they recognized themselves not only as Oghuzes, or as Turkmens, but also as descendants of the Kynyk clan (this pronunciation is indicated by Mahmud of Kashgar), one of 24 (22 according to Mahmud of Kashgar) of Oghuz clans ...)
  2. Атаныязов, Солтанша (1988). Словарь туркменских этнонимов (Dictionary of Turkmen Ethnonyms). Ashgabat, Ylym. ISBN 9785833800140.
  3. "OĞUZLARIN BOY TEŞKİLATI | Turkmen page by Faruk Sümer". turkmensitesi.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-14. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
  4. "İslâm Ansiklopedisi | Islamic Encyclopaedia Vol 25 p.417-418". islamansiklopedisi.info. Retrieved 2016-03-21.
  5. Абу-л-Гази, Бахадур-хан (1958). "Родословная туркмен". Восточная литература (Oriental literature).
  6. Kononov, A.N. The Genealogy of the Turkmens, Work of Abu al-Ghazi, the Khan of Khiva, (in Russian). USSR Academy of Sciences, 1958.
  7. Еремеев (Yeremeyev), Дмитрий (Dmirtiy) (1971). "Этногенез турок (Enthnogenesis of the Turks)". Google Books.
  8. Soltansha Ataniyazov. Shejere (The Genealogy of the Turkmens), (in Turkmen). Ashgabat; "Turan-1"; 1994. pp. 128-129
  9. Atalay, Besim (2006). Divanü Lügati't - Türk. Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi. Volume I; p. 55
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