Jussuf Abbo

Jussuf Abbo, originally Jussuff Abbu, (14 February 1890[1] – 29 August 1953) was a Palestinian-Jewish artist active mainly in Germany.

Jussuf Abbo
Jussuf Abbo in his 40s
Born
Jussuff Abbu

(1890-02-14)14 February 1890
Safed (Ottoman Palestine)
Died29 August 1953(1953-08-29) (aged 63)
London (United Kingdom)
NationalityPalestinian Ottoman, later Egyptian
Known forSculpture, Printmaking

Biography

Jussuf Abbo was born in Safed, Ottoman Palestine to a large Jewish family of farmworkers. He won a scholarship to attend the Alliance Israelite Universelle school in Jerusalem. As a young man he was employed as a stonemason by German architect Otto Hoffmann in Jerusalem, who, recognizing his talent, arranged for him to study at the Berlin University of the Arts where he studied drawing, painting and sculpture from 1913. By 1919 he had a master studio at the Academy of Arts, Berlin and had become a member of the Deutscher Künstlerbund (Association of German Artists), whose 25th annual exhibition (1929 in Cologne's "Staatenhaus") featured a bronze female torso and a lead casting by him.[2] Abbo participated in 1923 in a major collective exhibition at the Ferdinand Möller art salon in Berlin, and another important international exhibition in 1926 at the Galerie Neue Kunst Fides in Dresden.[3] In the 1920s, Abbo belonged to the circle of friends of Else Lasker-Schüler, whom he portrayed several times and who in turn wrote a poem about him.[4] He worked as a sculptor and printmaker and fired his ceramic works in the workshops of fellow Berlin artists Otto Douglas Douglas-Hill[5] and Jan Bontjes van Beek.[6]

In 1935, being stateless due to the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire in the early 1920s, Abbo managed to obtain Egyptian nationality.[7] He then fled from Nazi Germany to England with his wife Ruth Schulz. He had to leave his work behind and was thus prevented from presenting it in exhibitions in London and gaining a foothold in his new country.

In 1937, whilst some of Abbo's sculptures finally arrived in England,[8] in Germany his work had been branded as "Degenerate Art" and removed from all public museums. Much of the work removed was later destroyed by the Nazi regime. In the same year, he won an important commission to sculpt a portrait bust of the British politician George Lansbury.[9] In 1939, he cast the Lansbury bust in Paris, where he also met the French sculptor Charles Despiau. During the war, he was unable to work in his studio in London and made a living with odd jobs and by selling antiques. At the end of the war in 1945, he was not able to keep his studio and as a result destroyed most of the works created in England because of a lack of storage space and out of frustration and disappointment.[8] Financial hardship, forced emigration, war and difficult working conditions ended up adversely affecting Abbo's physical and mental health. He died in a London hospital on 29 August 1953 following a lengthy illness.

Work

The distinctive feature of Abbo's sculpture work is a subtle sensitivity to the physiognomy and emotional state of his subjects,[10] an understated focus on expression, posture and attitude. As well as sculptures, he also produced over a thousand figurative drawings and prints, almost always portraits and nudes. Much of Abbo's work, being partially abstract with emphasis on psychological state and emotion, can be considered "Expressionist".[11]

Bibliography
  • Hüneke, Andreas: Abbo, Jussuff. In: Allgemeines Künstlerlexikon. Die Bildenden Künstler aller Zeiten und Völker (AKL). Band 1 [General encyclopedia of artists. The visual artists of all times and peoples (AKL). Volume 1], Seemann, Leipzig 1983, p.61, ISBN 3-598-22741-8.
  • Dogramaci, Burcu: Jussufs gedicht für Jussuf Abbo [Jussuf's poem for Jussuf Abbo] in Der blaue Reiter ist gefallen [The blue rider has fallen]: Else-Lasker-Schüler anniversary almanac, Hammer, 2015, pp. 275–277 (contribution about the friendship between Else Lasker-Schüler and Jussuf Abbo), ISBN 978-3-7795-0532-7.
  • Wächter, Anja / Mieves, Esther: Jussuf Abbo in New /old homeland: R/Emigration of artists after 1945, Kunsthaus Dahlem, 2017, pp. 160-166, ISBN 978-3-9816615-4-5.
  • Dickson, Rachel / Macdougall, Sarah: Forced Journeys: Artists In Exile In Britain c.1933-45, Ben Uri Gallery, 2009, ISBN 978-0-9001571-3-4.
  • Abbo (Schulz), Ruth: Über den Verlust einer kunstkerischen Existenz. Jussuf Abbo im Exil [Losing one's Artistic Existence - Jussuf Abbo in Exile] in KUNST IM EXIL in Großbritannien 1933-45 [Artists in Exile in Great Britain 1933-45], Frölich & Kaufmann, 1986, ISBN 3-88725-218-7. A translation of this article in English is available online. See external link below.

References
  1. Files in: Landesverwaltungsamt Berlin, Abteilung I - Entschädigungsbehörde (Berlin State Administration Office, Department I - Compensation Authority), Berlin Fehrbelliner Platz.
  2. Catalogue Deutscher Künstlerbund Köln 1929. Mai–September 1929 im Staatenhaus, DuMont Schauberg, Cologne 1929. Page 13: Abbo, Jussuff, Berlin. Cat. No. 11: Women's torso (bronze), 12: Head (lead casting).
  3. Abbo, Jussuff, in: Hans Vollmer (art historian): Allgemeines Lexikon der Bildenden Künstler des XX. Jahrhunderts. Erster Band (A-D) [General Encyclopedia of Fine Artists of the XXth Century. First volume (A-D)], E. A. Seemann, Leipzig 1999 (study edition). ISBN 3-363-00730-2. (page 3)
  4. Else Lasker-Schüler: Jussuff Abbu (poem), in Berliner Börsen-Courier, July 15, 1923
  5. Gisela Reineking von Bock: Meister der deutschen Keramik, 1900 bis 1950 [Masters of German ceramics, 1900 to 1950], Kunstgewerbemuseum, 1978, p.29
  6. In biography of Jan Bontjes van Beek by Heinz-Joachim Theis (in German).
  7. Ruth Abbo: "my husband's father was a native of Egypt" enabling Abbo, who previously held an Ottoman passport, to obtain Egyptian nationality in 1935. Read online.
  8. Burcu Dogramaci: Scheitern und Bestehen in der Fremde. Deutschsprachige Künstler im britischen Exil nach 1933 [Failure and survival abroad. German-speaking artists in British exile after 1933] in Uwe Fleckner, Maike Steinkamp, Hendrik Ziegler: Der Künstler in der Fremde : Migration - Reise - Exil [The artist abroad: Migration - Journey - Exile], Berlin : De Gruyter, 2015, p.267 and p.280
  9. Bust of George Lansbury by Jussuf Abbo, 1937 Archived 2016-09-23 at the Wayback Machine, at People's History Museum, 2016
  10. Wächter, Anja / Mieves, Esther: New /old homeland: R/Emigration of artists after 1945, Kunsthaus Dahlem, 2017, p.164
  11. Davis, Bruce, inclusion in German Expressionist Prints and Drawings, Catalogue of the Collection, Los Angeles County Museum of Art & Prestel-Verlag, Munich, 1989. Page 2. ISBN 3791309757
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