John M. Washington

John MacRae Washington (died 1853) was a United States artillery officer who became military governor of New Mexico shortly after the end of the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848.

John M. Washington
Governor of New Mexico
In office 10 October 1848 – 23 October 1849
Preceded by	Sterling Price (military) Donaciano Vigil (civil)
Succeeded by	Colonel John Munroe
Personal details
Born	Fredericksburg, Virginia
Died	24 December 1853 New Hampshire
Nationality	United States
Occupation	Soldier
Known for	Military Governor of New Mexico
Military service
Branch/service	US Army
Years of service	1817–1853
Rank	Major Brevet Lieutenant Colonel

Early career

John M. Washington was born in Virginia, and was a remote relative of President George Washington. He graduated from West Point in 1817, and fought in Florida against the Seminole and Creek people. He served with distinction in the Mexican–American War of 1846–1848 under Brigadier General John E. Wool, being promoted to Major and brevet Lieutenant Colonel following the Battle of Buena Vista. He reached Santa Fe on 10 October 1848 with four dragoon companies. The next day he assumed office as governor, combining the civil and military roles.[1]

Governor of New Mexico

Washington's main priority was to settle a war against the Navajo people. He assembled a strong force of soldiers and volunteers that moved west into Navajo country, where they were met by Navajo envoys saying they were willing to discuss peace, and then met the main Navajo forces. A scuffle broke out when a militiaman spotted a horse that he claimed had been stolen from him. The Navajos fled, and Washington's troops killed six of the fleeing men. One was the old warrior Narbona, now in favor of peace, who was scalped by a U.S. militiaman. The expedition moved on through a pass that one of them named "Washington Pass".[1] In 1992, in response to a proposal by the Navajo people, the pass was renamed Narbona Pass.[2] There were no positive results from the expedition. On returning to Santa Fe Washington became involved in a scandal, probably unjustified, over a child he allegedly fathered on an orphan girl.[1]

In April 1849 Father Ramón Ortiz y Miera arrived in New Mexico from Chihuahua as commissioner in charge of assisting Mexicans who wished to resettle in Chihuahua. He was welcomed by Governor Washington and Secretary Donaciano Vigil, who both thought he was unlikely to succeed and even offered to supply transport to Mexicans seeking repatriation. Their mood changed quickly when the people of San Miguel del Vado alone submitted 900 requests for repatriation assistance.[3] Vigil said that Ortíz could not conduct recruitment in person since his presence would disturb the peace. Ortiz then appointed agents to recruit New Mexico families, and they met with considerable success.[4] In response Vigil cracked down further on recruitment.[5] The United States' position was that the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo had not covered repatriation, and Ortíz's activity was therefore illegal.[6]

Later career

By order of 26 May 1849, Brevet Colonel John Munroe was ordered to Santa Fe to relieve Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Washington.[7] On 23 October 1849 Munroe took office as military governor of New Mexico.[8] Washington was transferred to a position in Fort Constitution in New Hampshire. From there, in 1853 he was assigned to lead a body of troops from the 3rd Artillery Regiment in California, but at the start of the journey the steamer San Francisco ran into a storm. Washington and 181 soldiers were drowned.[1]

References

Citations

1. Simmons 2011.
2. Julyan 1996, p. 239.
3. MacIel & Gonzales-Berry 2000, p. 37-38.
4. Hernández 2012, p. 110.
5. Hernández 2012, p. 111.
6. Hernández 2012, p. 113.
7. Freeman 1849.
8. Clay & Hay 1991, p. 730.

Sources

• Service Profile

• Clay, Henry; Hay, Melba Porter (1991-03-14). The Papers of Henry Clay. Volume 10: Candidate, Compromiser, Elder Statesman, January 1, 1844 – June 29, 1852. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-0060-9. Retrieved 2012-07-11.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Freeman, W. G. (May 26, 1849). "GENERAL ORDERS, No. 3". WAR DEPARTMENT, ADJUTANT GENERAL'S OFFICE. Retrieved 2012-07-11.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Hernández, José Angel (2012-04-30). Mexican American Colonization During the Nineteenth Century: A History of the U.S.-Mexico Borderlands. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-01239-4.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Julyan, Robert Hixson (1996). The Place Names of New Mexico. UNM Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-1689-9. Retrieved 2012-08-23.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• MacIel, David; Gonzales-Berry, Erlinda (2000-09-01). The Contested Homeland: A Chicano History of New Mexico. UNM Press. ISBN 978-0-8263-2199-2. Retrieved 2012-07-09.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)
• Simmons, Marc (November 25, 2011). "Colonel left little mark as governorTrail Dust". The New Mexican. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved 2012-07-10.CS1 maint: ref=harv (link)