Johannes Hoffmann (SPD)

Johannes Hoffmann (3 July 1867 – 15 December 1930) was a Bavarian politician and member of the Social Democratic Party. He served as a Minister in the illegal revolutionary government of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and subsequently in the People's State of Bavaria administration, 1919–20.

For other people named Johannes Hoffmann, see Johannes Hoffmann.

Johannes Hoffmann
Minister President of Bavaria
In office
17 March 1919 – 14 March 1920
Preceded byKurt Eisner
Succeeded byGustav Ritter von Kahr
Education minister of Bavaria
In office
8 November 1918 – 14 March 1920
Preceded byEugen von Knilling
Succeeded byFranz Matt
Personal details
Born(1867-07-03)3 July 1867
Ilbesheim, Kingdom of Bavaria
Died15 December 1930(1930-12-15) (aged 63)
Berlin
NationalityGerman
Political partyGerman People's Party
Social Democratic Party of Germany (from 1907)
OccupationTeacher

Biography

Born in Ilbesheim, near Landau, Palatinate, his parents were Peter Hoffmann and Maria Eva, née Keller. He attended the Gymnasium in Landau, and, having completed his studies at the teaching seminary, served as a school teacher in Kaiserslautern from 1887. He married Luise Ackermann in 1892.

Between 1899 and 1904, Hoffmann was a member of the Kaiserslautern city council, seconded by the liberal German People's Party (DVP). In 1907, he joined the Social Democrats and was elected deputy of the Bavarian Landtag the next year; his candidacy earned him disciplinary proceedings and he finally had to quit public service.

In 1910 he returned into the Kaiserslautern city council and from 1912 he held the position of second mayor. In the same year, he was elected to the German Reichstag parliament. After the German Revolution of 1918–19 and the establishment of the People's State of Bavaria, he served as Bavarian Minister of Education under Minister-President Kurt Eisner. During his tenure as Minister of Education, he removed the Bavarian schooling system from the supervision of the Catholic Church. After Eisner's assassination he succeeded him as minister-president of the People's State of Bavaria on 17 March 1919[1] as the first freely elected Bavarian Minister President.

Ousted from Munich by the forces of the Bavarian Soviet Republic and the local worker's council led by Hoffmann's former party fellow Ernst Niekisch, the parliament and government evaded to Bamberg in April 1919, where Hoffmann took part in the working out of the Bavarian Constitution ("Bamberg Constitution"). After his government had Munich occupied by Reichswehr troops and paramilitary Freikorps units, Hoffmann and his cabinet were able to return in May 1919. However, on 14 March 1920, Hoffmann resigned and was succeeded by Gustav von Kahr,[2] after he was forced out of office by the Bavarian Civil Guards and Freikorps forces.[3]

Hoffmann returned to Kaiserslautern. After standing unsuccessfully for Mayor of Ludwigshafen, he again tried to pursue his teaching career. Nevertheless, he was dismissed on charges of collaboration during the Allied occupation of the Rhineland. At least, Hoffmann retained his Reichstag mandate until his death in 1930. All pension claims raised by his widow were denied by the Bavarian government.

Literature

References
  1. "Free state of Bavaria - List of ministers". Archived from the original on 29 July 2009. Retrieved 9 October 2010.CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  2. Bayern (Bavaria) - Minister-presidents
  3. Diehl, James M. Paramilitary Politics in Weimar Germany. Indiana University Press, 1977. pp. 72–74.
Political offices
Preceded by
Kurt Eisner		 Prime Minister of Bavaria
1919 – 1920		 Succeeded by
Gustav von Kahr
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