Jerrold Meinwald

Jerrold Meinwald (January 16, 1927 – April 23, 2018) was an American chemist known for his work on chemical ecology, a field he co-founded with his colleague and friend Thomas Eisner. He was a Goldwin Smith Professor Emeritus of Chemistry at Cornell University. He was author or co-author of well over 400 scientific articles. His interest in chemistry was sparked by fireworks done with his friend Michael Cava when they were still in junior high school. Meinwald was also a music aficionado and studied flute with Marcel Moyse – the world's greatest flutist of his time.

Jerrold Meinwald
Meinwald in 2010
Born(1927-01-16)January 16, 1927
New York City, U.S.
DiedApril 23, 2018(2018-04-23) (aged 91)
Ithaca, New York, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
CitizenshipAmerican
Alma materHarvard University
University of Chicago
Awards
Scientific career
FieldsChemistry
InstitutionsCornell University

Career

Jerrold Meinwald was born in 1927 in New York City.[1] He studied chemistry at the University of Chicago where he earned his bachelor of science degree in 1948. He then went on to Harvard University where he obtained his Ph.D. with R.B. Woodward in 1952. A DuPont Fellowship brought him to Cornell, where he has spent most of his subsequent career.

Series from a study by Meinwald and Eisner investigating defensive spray in Chlaenius beetles with paper that turns dark in response to chemicals.

Since the early 1960s, he has worked, often in collaboration with Thomas Eisner, on chemical signalling in animals, particularly insects and arthropods; he is regarded as one of the founders of the field of chemical ecology. A particular field of interest was the ways in which insects either use chemicals synthesised by the plants that they feed on, or use those plant chemicals as substrates from which to synthesize their own. A species on which he and Eisner published several times over decades is the moth Utetheisa ornatrix, which collects pyrrolizidine alkaloids from its food source[2] and uses them as a deterrent to predators; the male also uses them as a pheromone[3] and passes them on in its semen to the female who uses them to make her eggs unpalatable.[2][4][5]

In analysing the constituents of plant signalling, he developed a number of retrosynthetic techniques, including the Meinwald Rearrangement where an epoxide is converted to a carbonyl in the presence of a Lewis acid; he has also performed substantial research over forty years in NMR spectroscopy.[6] and in reactions for producing chiral derivatives in order to determine absolute configurations of chiral molecules.[7][8]

In 1981, Meinwald became a founding member of the World Cultural Council.[9] He died in Ithaca on April 23, 2018 at the age of 91.[10][11]

Awards

He won the National Medal of Science in 2012.[12][13][14] He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences since 1969, Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences since 1970, and member of the American Philosophical Society since 1987. Other notable honours:

Publications
  • Eisner, T, & Meinwald, J, Eds. (1995) Chemical Ecology: The Chemistry of Biotic Interaction. National Academy Press.

References
  1. "2009 Cava Lecturer (Meinwald)", University of Alabama (October, 2009).
  2. Dussourd DE, Ubik K, Harvis C, Resch J, Meinwald J, Eisner T (1988). "Biparental defensive endowment of eggs with acquired plant alkaloid in the moth Utetheisa ornatrix". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (16): 5992–6. Bibcode:1988PNAS...85.5992D. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.16.5992. PMC 281891. PMID 3413071.
  3. Conner WE, Eisner T, Vander Meer RK, Guerrero A, Meinwald J (1981). "Precopulatory sexual interaction in an arctiid moth (Utetheisa ornatrix): Role of a pheromone derived from dietary alkaloids". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 9 (3): 227–235. doi:10.1007/BF00302942. S2CID 22839356.
  4. Eisner T, Meinwald J (1995). "The chemistry of sexual selection". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92 (1): 50–5. Bibcode:1995PNAS...92...50E. doi:10.1073/pnas.92.1.50. PMC 42815. PMID 7816847.
  5. Dussourd DE, Harvis CA, Meinwald J, Eisner T (1991). "Pheromonal advertisement of a nuptial gift by a male moth (Utetheisa ornatrix)". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 88 (20): 9224–7. Bibcode:1991PNAS...88.9224D. doi:10.1073/pnas.88.20.9224. PMC 52686. PMID 1924385.
  6. Meinwald J, Lewis A (1961). "Long-range spin-spin couplings in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 83 (12): 2769–2770. doi:10.1021/ja01473a039.
  7. Weibel DB, Walker TR, Schroeder FC, Meinwald J (2000). "Chiral Silylation Reagents for the Determination of Absolute Configuration by NMR Spectroscopy". Org. Lett. 2 (15): 2381–3. doi:10.1021/ol006162h. PMID 10930289.
  8. "Chiral Silylation Reagents for the Determination of Absolute Configuration Using NMR Spectroscopy". The Meinwald Group. Cornell University.
  9. "About Us". World Cultural Council. Retrieved November 8, 2016.
  10. Fleischman T (April 25, 2018). "Jerrold Meinwald, 2014 National Medal of Science winner, dies at 91". Cornell Chronicle. Retrieved April 27, 2018.
  11. Chang, Kenneth (May 14, 2018). "Jerrold Meinwald, 91, Dies; Studied Creatures' Chemical Signals". The New York Times.
  12. "Jerrold Meinwald wins National Medal of Science". Cornell Chronicle. October 6, 2014.
  13. "President Obama Honors Nation's Top Scientists and Innovators". The White House. October 3, 2014.
  14. "Gerrold Meinwald, 2012, National Medal of Science Chemistry". National Science & Technology Medal Foundation.
  15. "Recipients of the Distinguished Leadership Award - American Academy of Arts & Sciences". September 21, 2017. Archived from the original on September 21, 2017.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.