Jat Muslim

Jat Muslim or Musalman Jat also pronounced Jutt (Urdu: مسلمان جٹ‎) are the patrilineal descendants of Jat people of Northern regions of the Indian Subcontinent who are followers of Islam. They are found primarily throughout Sindh, Pakistan and Punjab region of Pakistan.[1][2] Jat Muslims are also found in the province of Azad Kashmir in Pakistan.[3] Jats began converting to Islam from the early Middle Ages onward, and constitute a distinct sub-group within the diverse community of Jat people.[4]

Jat Muslim
Regions with significant populations
Pakistan, India
Languages
Punjabi • Sindhi • Urdu • Balochi
Religion
Islam
Related ethnic groups
Jat people

Introduction of Islam

When Arabs entered Sindh and other Southern regions of current Pakistan in the seventh century, the chief tribal groupings they found were the Jats and the Med people. These Jats are often referred as Zatts in early Arab writings. The Jats were the first converts to Islam, and many were employed as soldiers by the new Arab Muslim administration in Sindh. The Muslim conquest chronicles further point at the important concentrations of Jats in towns and fortresses of Lower and Central Sindh.[5]

Between the 10th and the 13th Century, there was large immigration of Jat groups northwards to Punjab and eastwards towards what is now Rajasthan. Many Jat clans initially settled in a region known as the Bar country, which referred to the country between the rivers of Punjab, thinly populated with scanty rainfall which accommodated a type of pastoral nomadism which was based primary on the rearing of goats and camels. Between the 11th and the 13th centuries, the Jats became essentially a farming population, taking advantage in the growth of irrigation. As these Jats became converted to farmers, they started accepting Islam. Most Jats clans of western Punjab have traditions that they accepted Islam at the hands of many famous Sufi saints of Punjab, Shaikh Faridudin Ganj Shaker of Pakpattan, Ahmad Sirhindi of east Punjab and Baha-ud-din Zakariya of Multan, Lal Shahbaz Qalandar of Sindh, Jalaluddin Surkh-Posh Bukhari of Bahawalpur area. In reality, the process of conversion was said to have been a much slower process.[6]

Social organisation

In the plains of Punjab, there are many communities of Jat, some of whom had converted to Islam by the 18th century, while others had become Sikhs. Those clans that converted to Islam remained in what is now Pakistani Punjab after Partition. In Pakistan, most Jats are land-owning agriculturalists, and they form one of the numerous ethnic group in Sindh.[2][7]

Notable people

See also

References
  1. Jat caste on Encyclopedia Britannica website Retrieved 9 November 2020
  2. Jaffrelot, Christophe, ed. (2002). A History of Pakistan and Its Origins. Translated by Gillian Beaumont. London: Anthem Press. pp. 205–206. ISBN 9781843310303. OCLC 61512448.
  3. Westphal-Hellbusch, Sigrid; Westphal, Heinz (1964). The Jat of Pakistan. Berlin: Duncker & Humblot. OCLC 310483.
  4. Khanna, Sunil K. (2004). "Jat". In Ember, Carol R.; Ember, Melvin (eds.). Encyclopedia of Medical Anthropology: Health and Illness in the World's Cultures. 2. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 777–783. ISBN 9780387299051. OCLC 473757308.
  5. Wink, André (2002). Al-Hind, The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Early Medieval India and the Expansion of Islam, 7th-11th Centuries. 1. Boston: Brill. pp. 154–160. ISBN 9780391041738. OCLC 48837811.
  6. Wink, André (2002). Al-Hind, The Making of the Indo-Islamic World: Slave Kings and the Islamic Conquest, 11th-13th Centuries. 2. Boston: Brill. pp. 241–242. ISBN 9780391041745. OCLC 48837811.
  7. Sumaira Jajja (29 December 2013). "When it comes to 'I do', the cult of clans matter". Dawn (newspaper). Retrieved 9 November 2020.
  8. "His family (poet Faiz Ahmed Faiz family)". Dawn (newspaper). 11 February 2011. Archived from the original on 7 October 2015. Retrieved 9 November 2020. Here lived a small land-owning class of Jat farmers, by caste known as Tataley. They addressed themselves as Chaudhry, from which we know that the given name of the poet was Chaudhry Faiz Ahmed.
  9. Chidanand Rajghatta (28 August 2019). "View: Most Pakistanis are actually Indians". The Economic Times (newspaper). Retrieved 12 November 2020.
  10. "People to get rid of govt, claims Bilawal Bhutto Zardari","The News International",November 9, 2019
  11. Khan, A. D. (1988). A History of the Sadarat in Medieval India: Pre-Mughal period. India: Idarah-i Adabiyat-i Delli.
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