Isabella of Majorca

Isabella of Majorca (Catalan: Elisabet) (1337–1406) was the last titular Queen of Majorca and Countess of Roussillon and Cerdanya from 1375 to her death.

Isabella
Queen of Majorca
Tenure	1375–1406 (In pretendence)
Born	1337
Died	1406 (aged 68-69) Montpellier
Spouse	John II, Marquess of Montferrat Konrad of Reischach and Jungnau
Issue	Otto III of Montferrat John III of Montferrat Theodore II of Montferrat William of Montferrat Margaret, Countess of Urgell Michael of Reischach and Jungnau
House	House of Barcelona
Father	James III of Majorca
Mother	Constance of Aragon
Religion	Roman Catholicism

Family

She was the daughter of James III and his first wife, Constance of Aragon. Her maternal grandparents were Alfonso IV of Aragon and his first wife Teresa d'Entença. Her paternal grandparents were Ferdinand of Majorca and his wife Isabelle de Sabran.

After the death of her mother, Isabella's father remarried to Violante of Vilaragut, who gave Isabella a half-sister named Esclaramunda, who died young.

Life

Isabella was a woman of "gigantic stature".[1] She succeeded to the titles and pretensions for the Kingdom of Majorca, as well as the actual lands, from her brother James IV, who supposedly died in her arms, on his death in 1375.[2] Isabella had a close relationship with her brother, and accompanied him during his invasion of Roussillon.[3] James was unfortunately captured by Henry II of Castile, but with the help of her sister-in-law, Isabella was able to ransom him in 1370.[4] Their father had lost the kingdom (1343) and he died in the Battle of Llucmajor (1349) by Peter IV of Aragon. Isabella was captured with her brother and stepmother by her uncle King Peter after the battle in which her father was killed. Allegedly, the native Catalans were enraged by this and broke into the prison to free both Isabella and her brother.[5] However other sources state she was confined to the convent of the Clarissans at Valencia with her stepmother. She was freed in 1358/59, thanks to the efforts of her stepmother, on the condition that she renounce her rights to Majorca.

On 4 September 1358, Isabella married John II Palaiologos, Marquess of Montferrat, in Montpellier, with the contract being officially signed 12 October 1358.[6] Her marriage was arranged by her stepmother, who was then living at the Court of Monferrato. The marriage was somewhat controversial, as it caused Emperor Charles IV to turn against the Marquess. Throughout their marriage, John had Isabella as a witness to the execution of several documents.

Isabella was unable at any point to mount a serious attempt to regain her claimed territories. In her attempt to reclaim the throne, Isabella tried to adopt Louis I, titular king of Sicily and Jerusalem, as her heir and co-regent in 1375, but seems to have lost claim to Joanna I of Naples. Isabella later sold her rights to Majorca to Louis in exchange for an annual annuity of 12 hundred Pounds, a one time payment of 5 thousand Francs, and a place at the Château & de la Châtellenie de Gallargues.[7] Louis's goal was to annex Roussillon to provide a buffer against Aragonese expansion. Louis's successors continued to include Majorca among their titles although they never attempted a conquest of the island kingdom.

In 1375, Isabella remarried (John died in 1372) to Konrad of Reischach and Jungnau in secret. The marriage produced a son Michael; they later separated.

Her children did not want to be kings of Majorca, but her only daughter, Margaret, accepted to reclaim her rights to Aragon of being the mother of the future king of Majorca, for her son, Count James II of Urgell.

Isabella died in France around 1406.

Children

With John she had five children:

• Otto III of Montferrat (1358–1378)
• John III of Montferrat (1360–1381)
• Theodore II of Montferrat (1364–1418)
• William (1365–1400)
• Margaret (c. 1365-1420), married in 1375 to Peter II of Urgell

With Konrad she had a son:

• Michael of Reischach and Jungnau

References

1. Rüdt-Collenberg, W. H. (1963). "II. Yolande de Vilaragut, reine de Majorque, princesse de Brunswick et sa parenté". Annales du Midi. 75 (61): 86–93. doi:10.3406/anami.1963.4102. ISSN 0003-4398.
2. Markham, Clements (May 1909). "The Story of Majorca and Minorca". The Geographical Journal. 33 (5): 581. doi:10.2307/1777088. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 1777088.
3. Markham, Clements (May 1909). "The Story of Majorca and Minorca". The Geographical Journal. 33 (5): 581. doi:10.2307/1777088. ISSN 0016-7398. JSTOR 1777088.
4. Casteen, Elizabeth, 1979-. From She-Wolf to Martyr : the reign and disputed reputation of Johanna I of Naples. Ithaca. ISBN 978-0-8014-5386-1. OCLC 923546368.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
5. Markham, Sir Clements Robert (1908). "The Story of Majorca and Minorca". The Geographical Journal. 33(5): 581. doi:10.2307/1777088. ISSN 0016-7398.
6. "Giovanni II" . Marchesi Monferrato.
7. Histoire du Royaume de Majorque (in French). 1777.

1. Rüdt-Collenberg, W. H. (1963). "II. Yolande de Vilaragut, reine de Majorque, princesse de Brunswick et sa parenté". Annales du Midi. 75 (61): 86–93. doi:10.3406/anami.1963.4102.
2. Markham, Sir Clements Robert (1908). The story of Majorca and Minorca. London: Smith, Elder and Co. pp. 155.
3. Markham, Sir Clements Robert (1908). The Story of Majorca and Minorca. London: Smith, Elder and Co. pp. 152–145.
4. Casteen, Elizabeth, 1979- author. From she-wolf to martyr : the reign and disputed reputation of Johanna I of Naples. ISBN 978-1-5017-0100-9. OCLC 967261507
5. Markham, Clements (1909). "The Story of Majorca and Minorca". The Geographical Journal. 33 (5): 581. doi:10.2307/1777088. JSTOR 1777088.
6. "Giovanni II" . Marchesi Monferrato.
7. Histoire du Royaume de Majorque (in French). 1777.

Sources

1. ^ Rüdt-Collenberg (1963), p. 90.
2. ^ Sturdza (1999), p. 502
3. ^ Jean Favier. Le Roi René. Paris: Fayard, 2008.
4. ^ ARAGON, Medieval Lands