Indirana

Indirana is a genus of frogs in the family Ranixalidae.[1][2] These frogs are endemic to the Western Ghats of India. They are sometimes known under the common name Indian frogs,[3] whereas members of their parent family are named "leaping frogs".[1][4]

Indirana
Adult Indirana semipalmata
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Ranixalidae
Genus: Indirana
Laurent, 1986
Type species
Polypedates beddomii
Günther, 1876
Diversity
14 species (see text)
Tadpole of I. cf semipalmata

Indirana represent an ancient radiation of frogs that diverged from all other frogs almost 50 million years ago. This has credited Indirana gundia as a status of one of the "Top 100 Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered Amphibians".[5]

Description

Indirana species are small and slender-bodied frogs. They are typically found in leaf litter or near streams.[4] The tadpoles have hind limbs and finless tails, and are able to leap away to escape threats.[5][6]

A frog from the genus Indirana

Taxonomy

Traditional classifications place the genus within the subfamily Ranixalinae of the family Ranidae, along with the genera Nannophrys and Nyctibatrachus.[7] The Ranixalinae have also been placed under the family Nyctibatrachidae.[8] Darrel R. Frost et al. (2006) placed them within the family Petropedetidae.[9][10]

Species

New species are still being discovered: Indirana salelkari was discovered in the Netravali Wildlife Sanctuary in the Indian state of Goa and described in late July 2015.[11] The following species are recognised in the genus Indirana:[3]

  • Indirana beddomii (Günther, 1876)
  • Indirana bhadrai Garg and Biju, 2016
  • Indirana brachytarsus (Günther, 1876)
  • Indirana chiravasi Padhye, Modak, and Dahanukar, 2014
  • Indirana duboisi Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016
  • Indirana gundia (Dubois, 1986)
  • Indirana leithii (Boulenger, 1888)
  • Indirana longicrus (Rao, 1937)
  • Indirana paramakri Garg and Biju, 2016
  • Indirana salelkari Modak, Dahanukar, and Padhye, 2015
  • Indirana sarojamma Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016
  • Indirana semipalmata (Boulenger, 1882)
  • Indirana tysoni Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016
  • Indirana yadera Dahanukar, Modak, Krutha, Nameer, Padhye, and Molur, 2016

References
  1. Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Ranixalidae Dubois, 1987". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  2. "Ranixalidae". AmphibiaWeb: Information on amphibian biology and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: AmphibiaWeb. 2015. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  3. Frost, Darrel R. (2015). "Indirana Laurent, 1986". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 7 August 2015.
  4. Vitt, Laurie J.; Caldwell, Janalee P. (2014). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles (4th ed.). Academic Press. p. 503.
  5. "Gundia Indian Frog (Indirana gundia)". EDGE of Existence programme. Zoological Society of London. Retrieved 1 June 2014.
  6. Veeranagoudar, D. K.; Radder, R. S.; Shanbhag, B. A.; Saidapur, S. K. (2009). "Jumping behavior of semiterrestrial tadpoles of Indirana beddomii (Günth.): relative importance of tail and body size". Journal of Herpetology. 43 (4): 680–684. doi:10.1670/08-158.1.
  7. George R. Zug; Laurie J. Vitt; Janalee P. Caldwell (2001). Herpetology: An Introductory Biology of Amphibians and Reptiles. Academic Press. p. 430. ISBN 978-0-12-782622-6.
  8. "Ranixalinae". ZipCodeZoo, BayScience Foundation, Inc. Archived from the original on 2 June 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2012.
  9. Frost, D. R.; Grant, T.; Faivovich, J. N.; Bain, R. H.; Haas, A.; Haddad, C. L. F. B.; De Sá, R. O.; Channing, A.; Wilkinson, M.; Donnellan, S. C.; Raxworthy, C. J.; Campbell, J. A.; Blotto, B. L.; Moler, P.; Drewes, R. C.; Nussbaum, R. A.; Lynch, J. D.; Green, D. M.; Wheeler, W. C. (2006). "The Amphibian Tree of Life". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 297: 1–291. doi:10.1206/0003-0090(2006)297[0001:TATOL]2.0.CO;2. hdl:2246/5781.
  10. Michael F. Barej; Mark-Oliver Rödel; Legrand Nono Gonwouo; Olivier S.G. Pauwels; Wolfgang Böhme; Andreas Schmitz (2010). "Review of the genus Petropedetes Reichenow, 1874 in Central Africa with the description of three new species (Amphibia: Anura: Petropedetidae)". Zootaxa (2340): 1–49.
  11. "Newly discovered frog species named after Goan forest officer". Business Standard. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 2 August 2015.
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