Idiops

Idiops is a genus of armored trapdoor spiders that was first described by Josef Anton Maximilian Perty in 1833.[6] It is the type genus of the spurred trapdoor spiders, Idiopidae. Idiops is also the most species-rich genus of the family, and is found at widely separated locations in the Neotropics, Afrotropics, Indomalaya and the Middle East.[7] Females live in tubular burrows lined with a thick layer of white silk. These typically have a D-shaped lid that fits into the entrance like a cork, and some burrows have two entrances.[8] The lid may consist of mud, moss or lichen, which is bound below by a thick layer of silk. As in all genera of this family, the anterior lateral eyes (ALE) are situated near the clypeal margin, far in front of the remaining six eyes, which are arranged in a tight group.[9] The males which are smaller in size, wander about or occasionally live in burrows.[10] Like other mygalomorphs, they are relatively large and long-lived. Forest clearance and agricultural practices that loosen the soil and enhance erosion, besides soil removal for brick making have been pointed out as serious threats to some Indian species.[8] Species ranges are poorly known – in India for instance, most species are known only from their type localities.[7]

Front-eyed trapdoor spiders
Male Idiops constructor in India
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Subphylum: Chelicerata
Class: Arachnida
Order: Araneae
Infraorder: Mygalomorphae
Family: Idiopidae
Genus: Idiops
Perty, 1833[1]
Type species
I. fuscus
Perty, 1833
Species

93, see text

Synonyms[1]
Idiops crassus and its trapdoor nest entrance

Species

As of May 2019 it contains ninety-three species and one subspecies found in South America, Africa, South Asia and the Middle East:[1]

  • I. angusticeps (Pocock, 1900) – West Africa
  • I. argus Simon, 1889 – Venezuela
  • I. arnoldi Hewitt, 1914 – South Africa
  • I. aussereri Simon, 1876 – Congo
  • I. bersebaensis Strand, 1917 – Namibia
  • I. bombayensis Siliwal, Molur & Biswas, 2005 – India
  • I. bonapartei Hasselt, 1888 – Suriname
  • I. briodae (Schenkel, 1937) – Zimbabwe
  • I. cambridgei Ausserer, 1875 – Colombia
  • I. camelus (Mello-Leitão, 1937) – Brazil
  • I. carajas Fonseca-Ferreira, Zampaulo & Guadanucci, 2017 – Brazil
  • I. castaneus Hewitt, 1913 – South Africa
  • I. clarus (Mello-Leitão, 1946) – Argentina, Uruguay
  • I. constructor (Pocock, 1900) – India
  • I. crassus Simon, 1884 – Myanmar
  • I. crudeni (Hewitt, 1914) – South Africa
  • I. curvicalcar Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. curvipes (Thorell, 1899) – Cameroon
  • I. damarensis Hewitt, 1934 – Namibia
  • I. designatus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1885 – India
  • I. fageli Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. flaveolus (Pocock, 1901) – South Africa
  • I. fortis (Pocock, 1900) – India
  • I. fossor (Pocock, 1900) – India
  • I. fryi (Purcell, 1903) – South Africa
  • I. fulvipes Simon, 1889 – Venezuela
  • I. fuscus Perty, 1833 (type) – Brazil
  • I. gerhardti Hewitt, 1913 – South Africa
  • I. germaini Simon, 1892 – Brazil
  • I. gracilipes (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa
  • I. grandis (Hewitt, 1915) – South Africa
  • I. gunningi Hewitt, 1913 – South Africa
    • Idiops g. elongatus Hewitt, 1915 – South Africa
  • I. hamiltoni (Pocock, 1902) – South Africa
  • I. harti (Pocock, 1893) – St. Vincent
  • I. hepburni (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa, Lesotho
  • I. hirsutipedis Mello-Leitão, 1941 – Argentina
  • I. hirsutus (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa
  • I. joida Gupta, Das & Siliwal, 2013 – India
  • I. kaasensis Mirza, Vaze & Sanap, 2012 – India
  • I. kanonganus Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. kaperonis Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. kazibius Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. kentanicus (Purcell, 1903) – South Africa
  • I. lacustris (Pocock, 1897) – Tanzania
  • I. lusingius Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. madrasensis (Tikader, 1977) – India
  • I. mafae Lawrence, 1927 – Namibia
  • I. meadei O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870 – Uganda
  • I. melloleitaoi (Caporiacco, 1949) – Kenya
  • I. mettupalayam Ganeshkumar & Siliwal, 2013 – India
  • I. microps (Hewitt, 1913) – South Africa
  • I. minguito Ferretti, 2017 – Argentina
  • I. monticola (Hewitt, 1916) – South Africa
  • I. monticoloides (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa
  • I. mossambicus (Hewitt, 1919) – Mozambique
  • I. munois Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. neglectus L. Koch, 1875 – Unknown
  • I. nigropilosus (Hewitt, 1919) – South Africa
  • I. ochreolus (Pocock, 1902) – South Africa
  • I. opifex (Simon, 1889) – French Guiana
  • I. oriya Siliwal, 2013 – India
  • I. palapyi Tucker, 1917 – Botswana
  • I. pallidipes Purcell, 1908 – Namibia
  • I. parvus Hewitt, 1915 – South Africa
  • I. petiti (Guérin, 1838) – Brazil
  • I. piluso Ferretti, Nime & Mattoni, 2017 – Argentina
  • I. pirassununguensis Fukami & Lucas, 2005 – Brazil
  • I. prescotti Schenkel, 1937 – Tanzania
  • I. pretoriae (Pocock, 1898) – South Africa
  • I. pulcher Hewitt, 1914 – South Africa
  • I. pulloides Hewitt, 1919 – South Africa
  • I. pullus Tucker, 1917 – South Africa
  • I. pungwensis Purcell, 1904 – South Africa
  • I. pylorus Schwendinger, 1991 – Thailand
  • I. rastratus (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889) – Brazil
  • I. robustus (Pocock, 1898) – East Africa
  • I. rohdei Karsch, 1886 – Paraguay
  • I. royi Roewer, 1961 – Senegal
  • I. rubrolimbatus Mirza & Sanap, 2012 – India
  • I. santaremius (F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1896) – Brazil
  • I. schenkeli Lessert, 1938 – Congo
  • I. siolii (Bücherl, 1953) – Brazil
  • I. straeleni Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. striatipes Purcell, 1908 – Botswana
  • I. sylvestris (Hewitt, 1925) – South Africa
  • I. syriacus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870 – Syria, Israel
  • I. thorelli O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1870 – South Africa
  • I. tolengo Ferretti, 2017 – Argentina
  • I. upembensis Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. vandami (Hewitt, 1925) – South Africa
  • I. versicolor (Purcell, 1903) – South Africa
  • I. wittei Roewer, 1953 – Congo
  • I. yemenensis Simon, 1890 – Yemen

See also

References
  1. Gloor, Daniel; Nentwig, Wolfgang; Blick, Theo; Kropf, Christian (2019). "Gen. Idiops Perty, 1833". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. doi:10.24436/2. Retrieved 2019-06-12.
  2. Pickard-Cambridge, O. (1870). "Monograph of the genus Idiops, including descriptions of several species new to science". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 38 (1): 107.
  3. Pocock, R. I. (1895). "Notes on the identity of some of the types of Mygalomorphae in the collection of the British Museum". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 16 (6): 223. doi:10.1080/00222939508680262.
  4. Schiapelli, R. D.; Gerschman de P., B. S. (1971). "Estudio de algunas arañas descriptas por Mello-Leitão para el Uruguay". Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina. 33: 58.
  5. Raven, R. J. (1985). "The spider infraorder Mygalomorphae (Araneae): Cladistics and systematics". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 182: 158.
  6. Perty, M. (1833), "Arachnides Brasilienses", in de Spix, J. B.; Martius, F. P. (eds.), Delectus animalium articulatorum quae in itinere per Braziliam ann
  7. Das, Sanjay Keshari; Khan, Ruhi Asra (December 2019). "A new trapdoor spider species of the genus Idiops Perty, 1833 (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Idiopidae) from Odisha, India". Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity. 12 (4): 678–681. doi:10.1016/j.japb.2019.09.002. Retrieved 15 August 2020.
  8. Mirza, Zeeshan; Sanap, Rajesh (April 2012). "A new species of the genus Idiops and notes on Idiops bombayensis Siliwal et al. 2005 (Araneae: Idiopidae) from Northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra, India". Journal of Arachnology. 40 (1): 85–95. JSTOR 41804576. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
  9. Jocque, R.; Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S. (2007). Spider families of the world (PDF) (2nd ed.). Tervuren, Belgium: Musée royal de l'Afrique centrale. pp. 146–147. ISBN 978-90-74752-11-4.
  10. Special correspondent (2 October 2019). "New trapdoor spider species discovered". thehindu.com. The Hindu. Retrieved 27 June 2020.
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