Ibn Muti al-Zawawi

Ibn Mu‘ṭī al-Zawāwī (ابن معطي الزواوي)—Abū 'l-Ḥusayn Yaḥyā ibn ‘Abd al-Nur Zayn al-Dīn al-Zawāwī,[2] or Abū Zakarīyā’ Yaḥyā ibn ‘Abd al-Mu’ṭī ibn ‘Abdannūr az-Zawāwī al-Magribī al-Gazā’irī (c. 1168-1169 – 1231 CE (564—628 AH)); was a famous Ḥanafī faqīh (jurist) and philologian of the Maghreb and the author of first versified grammatical work, the Alfiyya, commentaries on grammatical treatises and versified lexicographic works. He also wrote numerous works on various scholarly categories.[3]

Ibn Muti al-Zawawi
Bornc. 1168-1169 (564 AH)[1]
Bejāya (Bugia), Ifriqiya (present-day Algeria)
Died(1231-09-00)September 1231 (aged 62-63)
(Dhu al-Qadah, 628 AH)[1]
Cairo, Egypt
Other namesAbū Zakarīyā’ Yaḥyā b. ‘Abd al-Mu’ṭī b. ‘Abdannūr al-Zawāwī al-Magribī al-Gazā’irī (يحيى بن عبد المعطي بن عبد النور الزواوي); or Abū al-Ḥusayn Yaḥyā ‘Abd al-Mu’ṭī b. ‘Abd al-Nūr al-Zawāwī (ابو الحسين يحيىبن عبد المعطي بن عبد النور الزواوي).
Academic background
Academic work
Notable worksAl-Durra al-alfiyah fi ‘ilm al-‘arabiyah

Life

Ibn Mu’ṭī al-Zawāwī was born in Béjaïa in 1168 into the Berber Zawāwa tribe hence his nisba “al-Zawāwī”.[4] He grew up during the scientific and cultural efflorescence of the Islamic Maghreb. The region centred on the city of Béjaïa was at the pinnacle of its prosperity. He studied under Abu Musa al-Jazuli.[4] He memorised Al-Ṣiḥāḥ fī al-lughah (الصحاح تاج اللغة وصحاح العربية) of al-Jawhari [5]

In 1227 (624 AH) he travelled East to Damascus[5] with a delegation, and was welcomed by the Ayyubid ruler, Al-Mu'azzam Isa. He then spent many years teaching philology in the mosques of Damascus. In this period he simplified the teaching of language, literature and grammar.

When al-Mu'azzam Īsā al-Ayyūbī died, the sultan's son, al-Naṣr Dā’ūd, was quickly deposed by his two uncles al-Kāmil and al-Ashraf. The new sultan al-Kāmil then invited Ibn Mu’ṭī to Fustat (Old Cairo) in Egypt to run a literary studies program at the Mosque of Amr ibn al-As, also known as ‘al-Jamī ‘l-Atīk’.[2] Ibn Mu’ṭī died in Sept 1231 and was buried near the mausoleum of imām al-Shāfī by the Khandak.[2][6]

Teachers

Ibn Mu‘ṭī studied fiqh ḥadīth, jurisprudence and language with distinguished scholars each famous in his field:

  • Taj al-Dīn al-Kindi (تاج الدين الكندي) (1126 - 1217)
  • Mamluk al-Kindi d.1258/656 AH

Pupils

Ibn al-Hajib d. 1247

As-Suwaydi

Ibn al-Anbārī

Works
  • Al-Durra al-alfiyya fi Ilm al-‘arabiyya (الدرة الألفية في علم العربية); produced 3. Nov. 1198 AD (595 AH)[7] the first grammatical treatise in one thousand verses. Numerous scholars wrote commentaries of it and ed., K. V. Zetterstéen produced a critical edition (Leipzig 1900). [8] Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad al-Andalusī Bakri al-Sharīshī (1286/ 685) wrote a commentary titled Al-Ta'liqāt al-Wafīyāt. [n 1][7] The later Alfiyya of Ibn Mālik (1204-1274) eclipsed its fame.
    • Sharh li Alfiyya Ibn Mu‘ṭī (شرح لألفية ابن معطي)) by Jamal al-Dīn a. Muḥ. Ḥusayn b Ayāz al-Baghdādī (611/1282 Suyūṭī Bugya 232/3)
  • Kitāb al-Fuṣūl (الكتاب الفصول) —‘Book of aphorisms’; grammatical prose treatise numerous commentaries.
  • Al-Fuṣūl al-khamsīn (الفصول الخمسون) (Leipzig 1899). E. Sjögren chaps., 1-2.[9]
  • Al-Badī' fī ṣinā'at ash-shi'r (Leipzig, 488, iii)
  • Al-‘uqud wa’l-qawanīn fī al-naḥw (العقود والقوانين في النحو); ‘Contracts and laws of grammar’
  • Kitāb ḥawāšin ‘alā 'uṣul Ibn al-Sarrāj fī al-naḥw (كتاب حواشٍ على أصول ابن السراج في النحو); ‘Commentary on the origins of Ibn al-Sarrāj on grammar’.
  • Kitāb šarḥ al-jumal fī al-naḥw (كتاب شرح الجمل في النحو); Phrasal Syntax Analysis
  • Kitāb šarḥ 'abyāt Sībawayh naẓm (كتاب شرح أبيات سيبويه نظم); Analysis of Sībawayh's verse systems
  • Kitāb dīwān khaṭib (كتاب ديوان خطب); Dīwān of Sermons
  • Qaṣida fī al-qara'a al-sabah (قصيدة في القراءات السبع) ‘Poem on the Seven Readings
  • Naẓm Kitāb al-ṣiḥāḥ li’l-Jauharī fī al-lughah (نظم كتاب الصحاح للجوهرى في اللغة); ‘Edited Al-Jauharī’s Al-Ṣiḥāḥ, (dictionary) on the essence of language’ (incomplete).
  • Naẓm Kitāb al-Jamharah li Ibn Duraid fī al-lughah (نظم كتاب الجمهرة لابن دريد في اللغة); Method of Jamhara fi 'l-Lughat by Ibn Duraid on the science of language (not completed)[n 2]
  • Kitāb al-muthlath (كتاب المثلث); ‘Book of the Triangle’

Notes
  1. Latinized spelling Mohammed Ben Ahmed Andalusi Bekri Shérishi 685 (d. 27 Feb. 1286) “El-ta'licát El-Wefíyat”.
  2. Among the many memorized books in his archive was Al-Ṣaḥīḥ by al-Jawharī.

References
  1. Dhahabī (al-) 1985, p. 202.
  2. Ibn Khallikan 1868, p. 84.
  3. Dhahabī (al-) 1985, p. 201.
  4. Bernards 2020.
  5. Suyūṭī (al-) 1965, p. 344.
  6. Troupeau 1986, p. 893.
  7. Ḥājjī Khalīfa 1835, p. 415.
  8. Zawāwī (al-) 1900.
  9. Brockelmann 1937, p. 531.

Bibliography

Primary sources
  • Dhahabī (al-), Muḥammad ibn Aḥmad (1985). al-‘Ibar (in Arabic). iii. Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmīyah. pp. 201–2.
  • Khalīl (al-), Ṣihāb ad-Dīn Abū 'Al. M. b. a. 'l-'Abbās A. b. Al-Maḥṣūl fī sharḥ al-fuṣūl (المحصول في شرح الفصول).

Secondary sources


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