Huaisheng Mosque

The Huaisheng Mosque[1][2][3] (Chinese: 广州怀圣寺[2][4] also known as the Lighthouse Mosque[4] and the Great Mosque of Canton,[n 1] is the main mosque of Guangzhou. Rebuilt many times over its history, it is traditionally thought to have been originally built over 1,300 years ago,[5] which would make it one of the oldest mosques in the world.[6]

مسجد هوايشينغ
Huaisheng Mosque
怀圣寺
Huái Shèng Sì
Religion
AffiliationSunni Islam
Location
LocationGuangzhou, Guangdong, China
Guangdong
Geographic coordinates23°7′31.38″N 113°15′12.91″E
Architecture
TypeMosque
Huaisheng Mosque
Simplified Chinese广州怀圣寺
Traditional Chinese廣州懷聖寺

In China, the most unusual feature of the mosque is its pointed 36 metre minaret,[6] the Guangta or Kwangtah. [4]Although this meant the "Plain Pagoda" in reference to its unadorned surface,[7] it is also sometimes taken to mean "lighthouse" and gave the mosque its alternate name.[6] Somewhat similar "minimalist" minarets can be seen outside China, e.g. at the Khan's Mosque in Kasimov, Russia. The mosque was visited by Tim Severin's crew of the Sohar, that sailed into Canton from Muscat in July 1981, recreating the fictional voyage of Sinbad the Sailor.

History
The entrance to the mosque, c. 1873
The Huaisheng Mosque and Guangta Minaret, 1860
The Huaisheng Mosque and Guangta Minaret

Old Chinese Muslim manuscripts say the mosque was built in AD 627 by Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas who supposedly came on his first Muslim mission to China in the 620s.[8] Although modern secular scholars do not find any historical evidence that Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas actually visited China,[9] they agree that the first Muslims must have arrived to China within the 7th century,[9] and that the major trade centers, such as Guangzhou, Quanzhou, and Yangzhou probably already had their first mosques built during the Tang Dynasty, even though no reliable sources attesting to their actual existence has been found so far.[8][n 2]

The minaret measures 36 meter in high and consists of two stories, it was the highest building in the city until the beginning of the 20th century. it was a valued unit in the Middle Ages; it was used as a light house, a wind vane, and control tower.[4]

It is very likely that the mosque existed during the early years of the Song Dynasty. In 1349, Ramadan ibn Alauddin, the first named Korean Muslim, was buried in the mosque cemetery. The mosque was rebuilt in 1350 then again in 1695 after being destroyed in a fire. The Huaisheng Light Tower or minaret was built at an earlier period.[11] As late as the 19th century, the minaret tower was one of the major landmarks of Guangzhou.[7]

Transportation

The mosque is accessible within walking distance south east of Ximenkou Station of Guangzhou Metro.

See also

Notes
  1. Other names and romanizations include the Hwai Sun Su Mosque, Huai-Sheng Mosque, Huai-Shang Mosque, Huai-Shang Si Mosque, and the Ying Tong Mosque.
  2. Lipman notes that, according to Leslie's detailed analysis of both Chinese and West Asian manuscripts,[10] the earliest reliable dates for mosque constructions in China pertain to the Song Dynasty.[8]

References
  1. Kees Versteegh; Mushira Eid (2005). Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics: A-Ed. Brill. pp. 379–. ISBN 978-90-04-14473-6.
  2. Hagras, Hamada (2017). "AN ANCIENT MOSQUE IN NINGBO, CHINA "HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY". Journal of Islamic Architecture. 4 (3): 102–113. doi:10.18860/jia.v4i3.3851.
  3. Hagras, Hamada (2019). "XI'AN DAXUEXI ALLEY MOSQUE: HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL STUDY". Egyptian Journal of Archaeological and Restoration Studies "EJARS". 9: 97–113. doi:10.21608/ejars.2019.38462.
  4. Hagras, Hamada. "THE FUNCTIONS AND SYMBOLISM OF CHINESE MINARETS: A CASE STUDY OF THE HUAISHENG GUANGTA". Journal of Islamic Architecture. 6: 68–76. doi:10.18860/jia.v6i2.10209.
  5. Great Mosque of Guangzhou Archived 2011-05-25 at the Wayback Machine at archnet.org
  6. Steinhardt, Nancy Shatzman (September 2008), "China's Earliest Mosques", Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 67 (3): 335, doi:10.1525/jsah.2008.67.3.330
  7. "Canton" , 'Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th ed., Vol. V, New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1878, p. 37.
  8. Lipman, Jonathan Neaman (1997). Familiar strangers: a history of Muslims in Northwest China. University of Washington Press. p. 29. ISBN 962-209-468-6.
  9. Lipman 1997, p. 25.
  10. Leslie, Donald (1986), Islam in Traditional China: A Short History to 1800, Canberra College of Advanced Education, pp. 42–6.
  11. "Great Mosque of Guangzhou". Archived from the original on 2005-02-19. Retrieved 2005-04-28.
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