Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture

Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture (simplified Chinese: 红河哈尼族彝族自治州; traditional Chinese: 紅河哈尼族彝族自治州; pinyin: Hónghé Hānízú Yízú Zìzhìzhōu) is an autonomous prefecture in Southeast-Central Yunnan Province, China, bordering Vietnam's Lào Cai and Lai Châu provinces to the south. Its name is derived from the Hong (Red) River and the two major ethnic minority groups who live there: the Yi and the Hani. Honghe has an area of 32,929 square kilometres (12,714 sq mi) and its seat is Mengzi. The total population is 4.8 million, of which 61.3% belong to ethnic minorities.

Honghe Prefecture

红河州
Autonomous prefecture
Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture
红河哈尼族彝族自治州  (Chinese)
Haoqhoq Haqniqssaq Haqhholssaq Ziiqziifzel  (Hani)
ꉼꉻꆈꌠꊨꏦꏱꅉꍏ  (Yi)
Location of Honghe Prefecture in Yunnan
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceYunnan
County-level division3 county-level cities
7 counties
3 autonomous counties
Prefecture established6 September 1957
Prefecture seatMengzi
Area
 • Autonomous prefecture32,929 km2 (12,714 sq mi)
Highest elevation
(Xilongshan, Jinping County)
3,074.3 m (10,086.3 ft)
Lowest elevation
(Confluence of the Hong River and Nanxi River in Hekou)
76.4 m (250.7 ft)
Population
 (31 December 2019)
 • Autonomous prefecture4,775,000
 • Density150/km2 (380/sq mi)
 • Urban
33.7%
Time zoneUTC+8 (China Standard)
Postal code
661400
Area code(s)0873
ISO 3166 codeCN-YN-25
Licence plate prefixes云G
WebsiteHH.gov.cn
The old city gate of Jianshui County
Rice terraced mountains of Yuanyang County near sunset
Honghe
Traditional Chinese紅河
Simplified Chinese红河
PostalHungho
Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture
Traditional Chinese紅河哈尼族彝族自治州
Simplified Chinese红河哈尼族彝族自治州
PostalHungho Hani and I Autonomous Prefecture

In 2008, the State Administration of Cultural Heritage of the People's Republic of China nominated the Honghe Hani Terraced Fields of Yuanyang County for World Heritage Site status. It was added to the list on June 22, 2013, bringing the total number of World Heritage Sites in China to 45.

Subdivisions

The prefecture is subdivided into 13 county-level divisions: 4 county-level cities, 6 counties, and 3 autonomous counties:

Map
Name Hanzi Hanyu Pinyin Population
(2010)		 Area (km²) Density
(/km²)
Mengzi City 蒙自市 Méngzì Shì 417,200 2,228 187
Gejiu City 个旧市 Gèjiù Shì 459,800 1,597 288
Kaiyuan City 开远市 Kāiyuǎn Shì 322,700 2,009 161
Mile City 弥勒市 Mílè Shì 539,700 4,004 135
Lüchun County 绿春县 Lǜchūn Xiàn 222,200 3,167 70
Jianshui County 建水县 Jiànshuǐ Xiàn 531,500 3,940 135
Shiping County 石屏县 Shípíng Xiàn 299,100 3,090 97
Luxi County 泸西县 Lúxī Xiàn 400,700 1,674 239
Yuanyang County 元阳县 Yuányáng Xiàn 396,800 2,292 173
Honghe County 红河县 Hónghé Xiàn 296,500 2,034 146
Jinping Miao, Yao and Dai Autonomous County 金平苗族瑶族傣族自治县 Jīnpíng Miáozú Yáozú Dǎizú Zìzhìxiàn 356,200 3,677 97
Hekou Yao Autonomous County 河口瑶族自治县 Hékǒu Yáozú Zìzhìxiàn 104,600 1,313 80
Pingbian Miao Autonomous County 屏边苗族自治县 Píngbiān Miáozú Zìzhìxiàn 154,000 1,905 81

Demographics

At the end of 2019, Honghe Prefecture had 4.775 million residents, of which 61.3% belong to ethnic minorities.[1]

Ethnic groups in Honghe, 2000 census
Nationality Population Percentage
Han 1,830,245 44.31%
Yi 973,732 23.57%
Hani 685,727 16.60%
Miao 274,147 6.64%
Zhuang 99,132 2.40%
Dai 98,164 2.38%
Yao 76,947 1.86%
Hui 68,033 1.65%
Lahu 9,900 0.24%
Bai 4,161 0.10%
Buyei 3,736 0.09%
Mongols 1,214 0.03%
Tu 835 0.02%
unknown 828 0.02%
others 3,662 0.09%
Total 4,130,463

Ethnic subgroups
The Red River forms the border between Honghe Prefecture's Jinping County (background) and Hekou County (foreground). Bananas are grown in abundance on the river's both sides

Honghe Prefecture has the following ethnic Hani subgroups (Honghe Ethnic Gazetteer 1989:32):

Honghe Prefecture has the following 10 ethnic Yi subgroups (Honghe Ethnic Gazetteer 1989:68):

  • Nisubo 尼苏泼 (exonyms and other names: Luoluo 罗罗, Sandaohong 三道红, Huayao 花腰, Muji 母基)
  • Nibo 尼泼 (exonyms and other names: Sani 撒尼, Azhe 阿哲)
  • Gepo 葛泼 (exonyms and other names: White Yi 白彝)
  • Siqi 斯期 (exonyms and other names: Large Black Yi 大黑彝, Small Black Yi 小黑彝)
  • Axibo 阿细泼 (exonyms and other names: Axi 阿细)
  • Puwabo 朴瓦泼, Pulebo 普勒泼 (exonyms and other names: Pula 朴喇)
  • Alubo 阿鲁泼 (exonyms and other names: Alu 阿鲁)
  • Lesubo 勒苏泼 (exonyms and other names: Shansu 山苏)
  • Luobo 罗泼 (exonyms and other names: Awu 阿务, Laowu 老乌)
  • Xiangtang 香堂

Transportation

Roads

Railways

The prefecture is crossed by the early-20th century narrow-gauge Kunming–Hai Phong Railway and its branches. These railways have lost their most of their economic importance after the opening of the standard-gauge Kunming-Hekou railway (whose sections within the prefecture are the Yuxi–Mengzi Railway and the Mengzi–Hekou Railway).

The prefecture is also served by the Nanning–Kunming high-speed railway and Mile–Mengzi Railway (under construction).

Airport

Honghe Mengzi Airport is being built in the prefectural capital Mengzi.[2]

References
  1. "美丽红河__红河哈尼族彝族自治州人民政府门户网站". www.hh.gov.cn. Retrieved 23 January 2021.
  2. 云南"红河蒙自机场"获批 投资30亿元军民合用. China Daily (in Chinese). 16 October 2012.
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