Henry William Menard

Henry William Menard (December 10, 1920 – February 9, 1986) was an American geologist.

H. William Menard
Menard as Director of USGS, 1978-1981
10th Director of the United States Geological Survey
In office 1978 – 1981
Preceded by	Vincent Ellis McKelvey
Succeeded by	Dallas Lynn Peck
Personal details
Born	December 10, 1920 Fresno, California, USA
Died	February 9, 1986 (aged 65) La Jolla, California, USA
Nationality	United States
Alma mater	California Institute of Technology and Harvard University
Awards	William Bowie Medal
Scientific career
Fields	Marine Geology
Institutions	Scripps Institution of Oceanography US Geological Survey
Thesis	Transportation of bed-load by running water (1949)
Doctoral advisor	Henry Stetson
Doctoral students	Marcia McNutt

Life and career

He earned a B.S. and M.S. from the California Institute of Technology in 1942 and 1947, having served in the South Pacific during World War II as a photo interpreter. In 1949, he completed a Ph.D. in marine geology at Harvard University.[1] Menard is perhaps best known for his promotion of the theory of plate tectonics before it was widely accepted in the scientific community. Menard served many roles during his career as a marine geologist. Field worker, theorist, educator, popularizer, entrepreneur and statesman.

Menard's historical and sociological writings are respected by historians of science. Menard began his professional career in 1949, in the Sea Floor Studies Section of San Diego's Navy Electronics Laboratory. He joined the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) in 1955 as associate professor of geology. Menard's field work was extensive, involving 1,000 aqua-lung dives and 20 oceanographic expeditions from 1949 until 1978 when he became Director of the U.S.G.S. His research focused on the morphology of the ocean floor. During the 1950s, Menard also started a scuba-diving business with a few colleagues that included consulting for AT&T on the laying of cable.

He became a full professor of the University of California, San Diego in 1961. Two years were spent at Churchill College (1962 and 1970–71). Following a year in Washington, D.C. as technical advisor in the Office of Science and Technology (1965–66), Menard served as Director of the University of California's Institute of Marine Resources.[2]

USGS career

In April 1978, H. William Menard became the United States Geological Survey's tenth Director but remained only through the balance of the Carter administration. Menard had been a marine geologist with the Naval Electronics Laboratory in San Diego for several years and then had become a member of the faculty of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. In 1965-66, he was associated with the Office of Science and Technology in the White House. A member of the National Academy of Sciences, Menard was a recognized worldwide authority in marine geology and oceanography and had discovered notable topographic and structural features of the sea floor that laid much of the foundation of the plate-tectonics revolution in geology.[3]

After his return to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography in 1981, Menard continued to teach, write, and do research. Menard died from cancer on February 9, 1986.[4] A biographical memoir was published by the National Academy of Sciences in 1994.[5]

Awards and honors

• 1968 - elected to the National Academy of Sciences
• 1985 - William Bowie Award from the American Geophysical Union

Publications

• "Marine Geology of the Pacific", 1964
• "Anatomy of an Expedition", 1969
• "Science: Growth and Change", 1971 ISBN 0-674-79280-7
• "Geology, Resources, and Society", 1974 ISBN 0-7167-0260-6
• "Ocean Science", 1978 ISBN 0-7167-0013-1
• "Islands", 1986 ISBN 0-7167-5017-1
• "The Ocean of Truth: A Personal History of Global Tectonics", 1986 ISBN 0-691-08414-9

See also

• Archipelagic apron

References

1. Menard, Henry W. (1949). Transportation of bed-load by running water (Ph.D.). Harvard University. OCLC 4525202 – via ProQuest.
2. http://repositories.cdlib.org/sio/arch/biog/menard/ Accessed January 13, 2009
3. http://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/c1050/age.htm Accessed January 13, 2009
4. Sullivan, Walter (February 11, 1986). "H. William Menard Is Dead; Led In Plate Tectonics Study". New York Times.
5. http://books.nap.edu/html/biomems/hmenard.pdf accessed January 14, 2009

External links

• Portrait of William Menard from U.S. Geological Survey Museum Collection
• Photograph of Dr. Henry William Menard from U.S. Geological Survey Photographic Library (Portraits Collection)
• Photograph of Henry William Menard from U.S. Geological Survey History (USGS: The Survey at 100)